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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2), pp. 65-88, Winter 2018
Review paper
ISSN 2566-4638
© International Burch University
http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/jeh2018121
Semantic preference and semantic prosodya theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić, PhD
University of Zenica
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mjasavic@yahoo.de
Abstract: Semantic preference and semantic prosody are two
notions that were carefully analysed in post-Firthian corpus
linguistics and in the past few years there has been a growing interest
in them. As corpora have become larger in size, and tools for
extracting different lexical items for different purposes have been
developed, the two terms have been addressed more frequently by
linguists1. Throughout history, semantic preference and semantic
prosody have sometimes been used for the same phenomenon but at
other times the two were considered different but closely related.
Previous corpus-based studies on the two terms have shown that
they can be attached to many investigated lexical items. Therefore,
this paper aims to present a detailed theoretical overview of the two
terms in order to emphasise their immense importance for
identifying the meaning of all the lexical items.
Keywords: semantic
preference, semantic prosody,
corpus, corpus linguistics.
Article History
Submitted: 15 November 2018
Accepted: 3 January 2019
Studies which use corpus data to investigate semantic preference and semantic prosody have been
published since the early 1990.
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Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
1. INTRODUCTION
Semantic preference and semantic prosody are two distinct yet interdependent
collocational meanings (McEnery, Xiao & Tono, 2006, p.84). As it is almost
impossible to examine semantic preference separately from semantic prosody,
the two notions will be presented as contingent on each other.
Throughout history, semantic preference and semantic prosody have
sometimes been used for the same phenomenon but at other times the two were
considered different but closely related. Stubbs (2001) points out that “the
distinction…is not entirely clear-cut. It is partly a question of how open-ended
the list of collocates is: it might be possible to list all words in English for
quantities and sizes, but not for ‘unpleasant things’” (p.66). Therefore, the need
for precise definitions of the two terms emerges.
Partington (2004) states that the relationship between the two terms can be
described in two ways- on the one hand, semantic prosody can be described as a
sub-category or special case of semantic preference i.e. it is “reserved for
instances where an item shows a preference to co-occur with items that can be
described as bad, unfavourable or unpleasant, or as good, favourable or
pleasant” (p.149). However, some examples discussed in the literature prove that
the relationship is more complex. Sinclair points out that semantic prosodies are
“evaluative or attitudinal and are used to express the speaker’s approval (good
prosody) or disapproval (bad prosody) of whatever topic is momentarily the
object of discourse (Sinclair 1996, p. 87).
On the other hand, semantic prosody can be described as a further stage of
abstraction than preference.
…semantic preference generally remains relatively closely tied to the phenomenon of
collocation. As we have seen, it describes a phenomenon whereby a particular item x
collocates frequently, not with another item y, but with a series of items which belong to
a semantic set. (Partington, 2004, p.150)
Therefore, Partington describes the difference between the two in his claim that
semantic preference and semantic prosody have different operating scopes: the
former relates the node item to another item from a particular semantic set
whereas the latter can affect wider stretches of text. Semantic preference can be
viewed as a feature of the collocates while semantic prosody is a feature of the
node word. Partington also adds that these two terms interact. While semantic
prosody “dictates the general environment which constrains the preferential
choices of the node item”, semantic preference “contributes powerfully to
building semantic prosody” (Partington, 2004, p.151).
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�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
In order to exemplify the above mentioned, two examples commonly
discussed in the literature are presented. The first one of the verb break out,
explained by Stewart (2010). The verb is investigated in the BNC (all inflected
forms of the verb) where 1,126 occurrences were found. In the majority of cases
break out showed semantic preference for ‘situations of conflict’, ‘disease’ or
more broadly for ‘problematic circumstances’, since in the immediate
environment of break out the following words are found: war, conflict, infection,
crisis. As the verb cannot be classified as an item whose basic meaning is
unfavourable, it is “considered to be associated with an unfavourable semantic
prosody or ‘aura of meaning’, which is contingent upon its semantic preferences”
(Stewart, 2010, p. 3).
The second example is the verb undergo, discussed by Stubbs (2001, pp.
89-95). The collocates to the right of the verb indicated that undergo expresses
several semantic preferences- for ‘medicine’ (treatment, hysterectomy, brain,
surgery, etc.), ‘tests’ (examination, training) and ‘change’ (dramatic changes, a
historic transformation among others). All these preferences result in a very
strong unfavourable prosody of the verb undergo, since people are forced to
undergo something they would rather not.
Moreover, the verb bent on is classified as the verb with unfavourable
prosody, but bent on can be also found in neutral as well as in favourable
environment. Louw investigated how the speakers/writers change from the
“expected profiles of semantic prosodies” (1993, p. 157). He explains that if they
do that unconsciously, they are trying to sound ironic. Louw mentions an
example from Small World by David Lodge:
The modern conference resembles the pilgrimage of medieval Christendom in that it
allows the participants to indulge themselves in all the pleasures and diversions of travel
while apparently bent on self-improvement.
Louw explains that since the verb bent on is usually found in the environment of
unpleasant items (destroying, harrying, mayhem), in the cited example the
author is trying to produce ironic effect and therefore uses the verb bent on in the
environment of self-improvement.
Corpus-based analyses from recent years have shown that semantic
preference and semantic prosody have been considered in terms of ‘priming’
(Hoey 2003; Partington 2004) i.e. “as the word is learnt through encounters with
it in speech and writing, it is loaded with the cumulative effects of those
encounters such that it is part of our knowledge of the word that it co-occurs with
other words” (Hoey, 2003, p. 5). Partington (2004) adds that the theory of
priming helps us to answer one of the frequently raised question about prosody,
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...if the favourable or unfavourable evaluation of an item said to display semantic prosody is
not part of its in-built, inherent meaning- as is clearly the case for words excessive or timely
– then how do language users decide to employ such items in the appropriate environment?
The answer is that language users have a set of mental rules derived from the priming
process, alongside or integrated with the mental lexicon, of how items should collocate (p.
132).
2. SEMANTIC PREFERENCE
The term semantic preference seems to be less problematic than the term
semantic prosody. Stubbs (2001, p. 65) defines it as “the relation, not between
individual words, but between a lemma2 or word form and a set of semantically
related words”. In his work, Stubbs analysed the item large in the 200-millionword corpus and found out that at least 25 per cent of the 56, 000 occurrences of
large collocated with words for “quantities and sizes”, such as numbers, scale,
part, amounts, quantities. Later, Stubbs adds that an item shows semantic
preference when it co-occurs with “a class of words which share some semantic
feature” (Stubbs, 2001, p. 88).
Partington (2004) examined the collocational behaviour of maximizersabsolutely, perfectly, entirely, completely, thoroughly, totally and utterly (group
of items defined as such by Quirk et al. 1985). His analysis states that absolutely
expresses semantic preference for items which have superlative sense such as:
delighted, enchanting, splendid, preposterous, appalling, intolerable. Semantic
prosody of absolutely is equally divided between favourable and unfavourable
items. When it comes to perfectly, the tendency of the item to occur with pleasant
things is evident (capable, correct, fit, good, happy, harmless, healthy, lovely,
marvellous, natural). Furthermore, Partinton’s analysis showed that completely,
entirely, totally and utterly shared a large number of collocates. Utterly indicated
semantic preference for ‘absence’ (collocates are: helpless, useless, unable,
forgotten, failed, ruined, destroyed) and ‘change’(changed, different, failed,
ruined, destroyed). The overall semantic prosody is evidently unfavourable.
Totally demonstrates semantic preference for ‘absence’ or ‘lack of’ collocating
with bald, exempt, incapable, irrelevant, lost, oblivious, uneducated,
unemployed, etc. but also for ‘change of state’ and ‘transformation’ words such
as destroyed, different, transformed, absorbed, failed. Completely also showed
semantic preference for ‘absence’ (devoid, disappeared, empty, forgotten,
hopeless, ignored, lost, oblivious, vanished, etc.) but also for ‘change’ (alerted,
changed, destroyed, different). Entirely expressed semantic preference for
‘absence’ and ‘change’ as well. Partington found the last maximizer thoroughly
in the company of words relating to ‘emotions’ and ‘states of mind’, such as
2
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The lemma make is realized in text by the word forms make, makes, made and making
�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
annoyed, approved, enjoyed, confused, happy, sure, disgruntled and he
concluded that thoroughly evidently retains traces of its ancient sense of
thorough-like.
Table 1 Summary of maximizers (Partington, 2004, p. 148)
Maximizer:
Absolutely
Perfectly
Utterly
Totally
Completely
Entirely
Thoroughly
Preference for:
hyperbole, superlatives
absence/change of state
absence/change of state
absence/change of state
absence/change of state,
(in)dependency
emotions/ liquid
penetration
Prosody
favourable
unfavourable
Partington (1998, pp. 34-39) also analysed the item sheer in the newspaper and
academic corpora. His analysis indicates that sheer collocated with a number of
items from specific semantic sets i.e. 1. ‘magnitude’, ‘weight’ or ‘volume’, 2. items
expressing ‘force’, 'strength’or ‘energy’, and 3. words expressing ‘persistence’.
Then Partington (1998, pp. 39-47) compared the behaviour of sheer with other
items that are consider to be its synonyms- complete, pure and absolute, and
discovered that none of them shared semantic preferences with sheer.
3. SEMANTIC PROSODY
The term semantic prosody was originally Sinclair’s idea in 1987 (later recited in
Sinclair 1991), but he did not use the term as such when he first discussed it.
Sinclair was observing the lexicogrammatical environment of the phrasal verb set
in using a corpus of about 7.3 million words and he noticed that the verb is
associated with unpleasant events.
The most striking feature of this phrasal verb is the nature of the subjects. In
general they refer to unpleasant states of affairs. Only three refer to the weather;
a few are neutral, such as reaction and trend. The main vocabulary is rot (3), decay,
ill-will, decadence, impoverishment, infection, prejudice, vicious (circle), rigor mortis,
numbness, bitterness, mannerism, anticlimax, anarchy, disillusion, disillusionment,
slump. Not one of these is desirable or attractive. (Sinclair 1987, pp. 155-156)
In the same work Sinclair notes that “many uses of words and phrases show a
tendency to occur in a certain semantic environment, for example the word
happen is associated with unpleasant things- accidents and the like” (Sinclair,
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1991, p. 112). Sinclair’s remarks were something completely new and they were
completely backed up by corpus data.
The ‘father’ of the term semantic prosody is Bill Louw who introduced the
term to public in 19933. The term was coined with the reference to Firth’s
discussion of prosody in phonological terms. Namely, Firth noticed that the
realization of the phoneme /k/ depends on the sounds which precede it as well
as the sounds which follow it, so the /k/ in word kangaroo is not the same as the
/k/ in word keep because during the realization of the consonant the mouth is
already making provision for the production of the next sound. In the same way,
Louw (1993) claims that the expression symptomatic of prepares for the production
of what follows i.e. something undesirable (e.g. parental paralysis, numerous
disorders).
In his definition of semantic prosody, Gavioli (2005) also points out the
connection between meaning and sound:
The term ‘prosody’, which is generally used in linguistics to refer to the
sound or rhythm of words, is applied here to the sound of meanings
rather than phonemes and particularly to the way in which words and
expressions create an aura of meaning capable of affecting words around
them. Gavioli (2005, p. 46)
Several other linguists investigated the subject- they analysed several lexical
items, proposed their definitions and expressed their standpoints on the topic of
semantic prosody: Bublitz (1996) analysed the words cause, commit, happen,
somewhat and prevail; Sinclair (1996a, 1998) analysed set in, cause, the idiom naked
eye, the collocation true feelings, the word place and the verb brook; Stubbs (1995,
2001) investigated the lexical environment of heritage, provide, career, credibility,
accost, loiter and lurk; Tognini-Bonelli (2001) analysed prosodies in both English
and Italian including proper, expression andare incontro (literally “go towards”)
and face; Chanell (1999) investigated fat and self-important; Partington (1998, 2004)
analysed the verb peddle, 'happen' words (happen, take place, occur, set in, come
about) and amplifying intensifiers (absolutely, perfectly, entirely, completely,
thoroughly, totally, utterly).
Bill Louw introduced the term semantic prosody in his article Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer?:
The diagnostic Potential of semantic prosody (1993)
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�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
Table 2. The chronological review of the literature on semantic prosody.
Study
Examined lexical
Items
Sinclair
(1987,
1991)
Louw
(1993)
Semantic
prosody
Definition / contribution
The most important
standpoints
set in
happen
-semantic prosody was
Sinclair’s idea, although he did
not use this very term when he
first discussed it
-many uses of words and
phrases show a tendency to
occur in a certain semantic
environment; the words
happen and set in are
associated with unpleasant
things
symptomatic of
utterly
bent on
Louw was the first to use the
term semantic prosody,
connecting the term to Firth’s
discussion of prosody in
phonological terms
-Louw was interested in irony
produced by deviations from
habitual co-occurrence
patterns (pp.157)
-He also made few allusions
to diachronic considerations
claiming that prosodies are
undoubtedly the product of a
long period of refinement
through historical change
(pp.164)
Stubbs
(1995)
cause
Cause is near the stage where
the word itself, out of context,
has negative connotations.
(1995:50)
-made reference to diachronic
consideration related to the
word cause
Bublitz
(1996)
cause
happen
commit
somewhat
prevail
-node may be coloured by its
habitual co-occurrences
acquiring a “halo” of meaning
as a result
-prosodies vary according to
the different basic meanings
of any given word
-diachronic emphasis on
semantic prosody
Sinclair
(1996a,
1998)
naked eye
true feelings
brook
A semantic prosody… is
attitudinal, and on the
pragmatic side of the
semantics/pragmatics
continuum. It is thus capable of
a wide range of realization,
because in pragmatic
expressions the normal
semantic values of the words
are not necessarily relevant.
But once noticed among the
variety of expressions, it is
immediately clear that the
semantic prosody has a leading
role to play in the integration of
an item with its surroundings.
It expresses something close to
the ‘function’ of an item- it
shows how the rest of the item
is to be interpreted
functionally. (Sinclair 1996a:88)
-in his work from 1996,
Sinclair explained semantic
prosody within his model of
extended unit of meaning
-in 1998 Sinclair stated that
semantic prosody is one of the
obligatory elements of the
unit of meaning along with
the ‘core item’, which is
invariable, and constitutes the
evidence of the occurrence of
the item as a whole. (1998:15)
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Partington
(1998)
peddle
green
fundamentalism/
fundamentalist
Hunston
and
Francis
(1999)
A word may be said to have a
particular semantic prosody if
it can be shown to co-occur
typically with other words that
belong to a particular semantic
set. (1999:137)
-the importance of semantic
consistency of lexical profiles
Hunston
and
Thompson
(1999)
The notion of semantic prosody
(or pragmatic meaning) is that
a given word or phrase may
occur most frequently in the
context of other words or
phrases which are
predominantly positive or
negative in their evaluative
orientation…As a result, the
given word takes on an
association with the positive,
or, more usually, the negative,
and this association can be
exploited by speakers to
express evaluative meaning
covertly. (1999:38)
-the importance of the
evaluative quality of semantic
prosody
-the words ‘take on’ meaning
from their surrounds
Speakers and writers cluster
negative items so that there is a
mutually supporting web of
negative words (Channell
1999:44)
-she does not refer to items
with less obviously evaluative
meanings
-fat and self-important are
also to be found in
undesirable company
-she adopts the expression
‘evaluative polarity’
-focuses on unfavourable
prosodies
A semantic prosody refers to a
form of meaning which is
established through the
proximity of a consistent series
of collocates, often
characterized as positive or
negative, and whose primary
function is the expression of the
attitude of its speaker or writer
towards some pragmatic
situation. A secondary, though
no less important attitudinal
function of semantic prosodies
is the creation of irony through
the deliberate injection of a
form which clashes with the
prosody’s consistent series of
collocates. (2000:60).
-Contextual Prosodic Theory
which would seek to elucidate
through semantic prosodies
the Firthian view that that
situational and linguistic
contexts are co-extensive.
(2000:48)
-makes the difference between
semantic prosody as strongly
collocational phenomenon
from connotation which he
considers to be more
‘schematic’ in nature.
Chanell
(1999)
regime
par for the course
fat
self-important
off the beaten track
Louw
(2000)
TogniniBonelli
(2001)
72
-focuses on similarities and
differences between semantic
prosody and connotation
-Partington is interested in
prosodies within the political
discourse in newspapers
proper
largely
broadly
(to) face
-importance of strict relation
between lexical and
grammatical choices
-stresses that the pragmatic
dimension is central
�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
Stubbs
(2001a)
accost
amid
amusement
backdrop
care
cause
commit
community
deadlock
distinctly
soar
heritage
lavish
loiter
lurk
proper
provide
somewhat
standard
undergo
untold
discoveries
expression
mutual
career
launch
A discourse prosody is a
feature which extends over
more than one unit in a linear
string… Discourse prosodies
express speaker’s attitude. If
you say that something is
provided, then this implies that
you approve of it. Since they
are evaluative, prosodies often
express the speaker’s reason for
making the utterance, and
therefore identify functional
discourse units. (2001:65)
in 2001 Stubbs switched from
‘semantic prosody’ to
‘discourse prosody’
Stubbs
(2001b)
sit through
Hunston
(2002)
Semantic prosody…refers to a
word that is typically used in a
particular environment, such
that the word takes on
connotations from that
environment. (2002:141)
semantic prosody is a result of
transferred meaning
Sinclair
(2003)
As corpus enables us to see
words grouping together to
make special meanings as to
the reasons why they were
chosen together. This kind of
meaning is called a semantic
prosody; it has been recognized
in part as connotation,
pragmatic meaning and
attitudinal meaning. (2003:178)
Partington
(2004a)
Hoey
(2005)
‘happen words’
(happen, take place,
occur, set in, come
about)
absolutely
perfectly
entirely
completely
thoroughly
totally
utterly
Semantic prosody is a type of
evaluative meaning which is
spread over a unit of language
which potentially goes well
beyond the single orthographic
word and is much less evident
to the naked eye. (2004a:131132)
-Partington also discusses the
interaction between semantic
preference and semantic
prosody
Priming prosody occurs when
the collocations, colligations,
semantic associations, textual
collocations, textual semantic
associations and textual
colligations of words chosen
for a particular utterance
-Hoey points out that the
words are primed in all sorts
of different ways, and that
results in priming prosody
-states that the boundaries
between semantic preference
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Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
harmonise with each other in
such a way as to contribute to
the construction and coherence
of the utterance. (2005:166)
Whitsitt
(2005)
-focuses on the synchronic/
diachronic questions, on the
function of intuition in
identifying prosodies
Hunston
(2007)
-discusses whether semantic
prosody should be regarded
as the property of a word or a
longer unit of meaning;
whether the binary
distinctions should be used
(favourable vs. unfavourable
prosody); whether semantic
prosody can be transmitted
from one context to another
-gives overview of the
literature on both, semantic
preference and prosody
Bednarek
(2008)
-stresses the importance of the
role of different registers for
realisations of both semantic
preferences and semantic
prosodies
Stewart
(2010)
make sense
-presents extensive literature
overview of the literature on
semantic prosody
Begagić
(2013)
initial/preliminary
following/subsequent
sufficient/adequate
-More uses of the collocation
are found than provided by
dictionaries
-Semantic prosody for
'difficulty', almost always
accompanied by the
preposition of
Wei & Li
(2014)
Hu (2015)
74
and semantic prosody should
be avoided
-favours the term ‘semantic
association’ instead ‘semantic
preference’ only because he
thinks that the term ‘semantic
preference’ leads to a
psychological preference on
the part of the language user
and may lead to confusion
-A word may be associated
with more than one group of
semantic features thus
designating different
prosodies
-Sematic prosody of a word
cannot be accurately detected
until its collocates are
carefully scrutinized in the
text
-An apparently negative
collocate might indicate a
positive connotation
�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
Throughout literature, semantic prosody is mostly described as a type of
meaning. However, several authors defined it rather as a process. For example,
Baker et al. in their Glossary of Corpus Linguistics (2006, p. 58) define it as a term
“relating to the way that words in a corpus can collocate with a related set of
words or phrases, often revealing (hidden) attitudes”. Coffin et.al (2004, xxi) also
define semantic prosody as “a way in which apparently neutral terms come to
carry positive or negative associations through regularly occurring in particular
collocations”. Both authors refer to semantic prosody as the ways that contributes
to establishing meanings. Berber-Sardinha (2000, p. 94) refers to semantic
prosody as a pattern, while Lewandowska-Tomaszcyk (1996, p. 153) refers to it
as a phenomenon.
From the literature review it can be said that semantic prosody includes
some type of reference to its evaluative or attitudinal quality. It is described as an
aspect of evaluative meaning, which is defined by Hunston and Thompson (1999,
p. 5) as “the speaker or writer’s attitude or stance towards, viewpoint on, or
feelings about the entities and propositions that he or she is talking about”.
Though this definition seems to be too broad, some other authors defined the
term in a more restricted sense, i.e. with emphasis on lexical expressions of the
speaker’s/writer’s emotional attitude (see Conrad and Biber 1999 and Martin
1999).
As stated in Table 2, according to both Sinclair and Stubbs, prosodies
express speaker attitude. Stubbs claims that if something is provided, then you
approve of it, “since they are evaluative, prosodies often express the speaker’s
reason for making the utterance” (Stubbs 2001a, p. 65). Sinclair (1994) states that
semantic prosody is attitudinal, and on the pragmatic side of the semantics/
pragmatics continuum and continues that:
It is thus capable of a wide range of realization, because in pragmatic expressions the
normal semantic values of the words are not necessarily relevant. But once noticed
among the variety of expressions, it is immediately clear that the semantic prosody has a
leading role to play in the integration of an item with its surroundings. It expresses
something close to the ‘function’ of the item- it shows how the rest of the item is to be
interpreted functionally. (Sinclair 2004, p. 22)
According to the above mentioned, Stewart (2010) follows that when speakers
use items like naked eye, true feelings, provide, commit, set in, undergo, happen, cause,
symptomatic of, they make some type of evaluation or convey some type of
attitude.
In this way an utterance such as the cold weather set in might be considered more obviously
attitudinal than, for instance, the cold weather started; John Smith had to undergo an operation
more attitudinal than John Smith had to have an operation; and symptomatic of management
inadequacies more attitudinal than indicative of management inadequacies (Stewart 2010, p.
22).
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However, there are certain examples that prove this does not have to be that
way. Sinclair (1996a, p. 87) ascribed the prosody of difficulty to item naked eye,
and the evaluative element does not seem to be of huge importance at all4.
Stewart (2010) also mentions example of the item cause, which has been assigned
an unfavourable prosody in the literature, since it co-occurs with accident,
problem, chaos, etc. Nevertheless it seems problematic to postulate that some sort
of attitude has been expressed in certain examples, such as in the following
examples:
The door closed and then Elaine pulled the magazine in, causing the letter
box to snap shut smartly.
The inhibitors might therefore be causing amnesia not because they
prevent protein synthesis but because of their effect on increasing animo
acid levels.
(Stewart 2010, p. 23; examples taken from the BNC)
The fact that the notions of evaluation and attitude are the complex one is
proved by the following citation from Bernardini and Aston (2002, p. 291):
Would this be the speaker as principal, author or animator (to use Goffman’s (1981)
famous breakdown of the speaker discourse role (Levinson, 1988)? In contexts of reported
speech, it is clear that prosodies may indicate the evaluation of the cited speaker, not the
citing one, as the author (but not animator) of the text in question.
It can be concluded that in most of the examples the two elements are present,
evaluative and attitudinal quality of an item, however not in all cases. Each item
in question should be carefully analysed in its environment in order to be claimed
that evaluative and attitudinal qualities are pivotal for its semantic prosody.
Apart from the evaluative and attitudinal quality, element that is found in
almost all definitions and discussions on semantic prosody is its hidden nature.
Most of the authors mentioned in Table 1 refer to semantic prosody as to
something subliminal, covert or unconscious. Louw (1993, pp. 169-171) writes
that semantic prosody can reveal speaker attitudes even when the speaker tries
to conceal them, and Tognini-Bonelli, citing Louw’s statement argues that
“semantic prosodies are mainly engaged at the subconscious level”. Hunston and
Thompson (1999, p. 38) state that semantic prosody “can be exploited by speakers
to express evaluative meaning covertly” and Hunston (2001, p. 21, 2002, pp. 61,
While analysing the idiom naked eye, Sinclair used The Bank of English as corpus which contained 211
million words of current English. Sinclair found 154 instances of naked eye, but since 3 pairs of lines were
identical he used 151 lines. Words see and visible (and their variations) are evident on position N3 which
prove the clear semantic preference for visibility. Since the words visible and see are in 85 per cent of
instances combined with words such as small, faint, weak and difficult, Sinclair concluded that the idiom
naked eye indicates semantic prosody of difficulty.
4
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Mirna Begagić
119, 141-142) makes several points to how semantic prosody conveys covert
messages and hidden meanings. Partington (2004a, p.131) also states that
semantic prosody “is much less evident to the naked eye”.
Most of the authors interested in semantic prosody analysed lexical items
that are neutral in semantic sense i.e. that have neither positive nor negative
meanings. It seems that literature review suggests that the meaning of the item
in question must be hidden, otherwise the prosody cannot be ascribed to it.
However, there are still some examples that prove that the lexical item in
question does not need to be semantically neutral in order to possess semantic
prosody (e.g. verb brook). This study will also test weather only the neutral
meanings of investigated items possess semantic prosody.
As stated above, most of the authors investigated ‘neutral’ lexical item
(happen, cause, break out, set in, undergo etc.) and to most of them the unfavourable
prosody is ascribed (cause, set in, happen, break out, load of, undergo…) while only a
few of them revealed positive or favourable semantic prosody such as provide and
career. Saying this, it should be mentioned that several linguists noticed the
importance of registers and genres in revealing semantic prosodies of certain
lexical items. Hunston (2007, p. 263) argues that the verb cause “loses its
association with negative evaluation when it occurs in ‘scientific’ registers”.
Bednarek (2008) also mentions the importance of analysis of items in different
registers:
..for instance, an analysis of concordance lines for responsibility for in the Bank of English
shows a negative semantic preference (it co-occurs with recent bombings, Sunday’s suicide
bombing, one of the murders, some of the explosions, the killing, these murders, the Holocaust, the
kidnapping, the worst act of terrorism) while an analysis of the same lexical expression in a
business English corpus does not (here responsibility for collocates with budgets, a major
functional area, the product, a new stream of scheme, outcomes, decisions, aspects, the technical
aspects, scale/up and operation, outcomes )(Walker 2004 in Bednarek 2008,p. 126)
Analogous to O’Halloran (2007) this could be called register or genre
preference i.e. semantic preference that is register or genre dependent.
O’Halloran claims that there is a greater likelihood of some lexicogrammatical
patterns in certain registers than others and as example she mentions the item
‘erupted’ saying that “the fact that ‘erupted’ in the past tense has largely positive
associations in the sports report register, but largely negative ones in the hard
news register, provides evidence for seeing ‘erupted’ in register prosody terms”
(O’Halloran, 2007, p. 12). At this point, it is important to define the word
‘register’. According to Halliday and Hasan (1985, pp. 38-9) registers are varieties
of language which are “typically associated with a particular situational
configuration of field, tenor and mode”. Genre, on the other side is mostly treated
at a ‘higher level’ than register, as Wales (2001, p. 338) states that “genres are
groups of texts which perform a similar function”. However, in this study all the
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newspaper texts found in COCA are considered to belong to the newspaper
register, whereas the academic texts belong to the academic register.
Partington (2004) anlaysed words that belong to the happen semantic group with
the hypothesis that not only happen and set in have unfavourable prosody but all
the other words from that group as well. Therefore he looked at the behaviour of
set in, happen, occur, come about and take place in two corpora, one of the academic
texts and the other of the newspaper texts. Partington presented the frequency of
occurrence of all the ‘happen’ words as follows:
Table 3. The analysis of happen words (Partington, 2004, p.134)
Academic
(one million
words)
Newspaper
(four million
words)
Total
Per million
words
Happens
Happen
Happened
Totals
70
80
67
217
187
230
326
743
47
57
82
186
Occurs
Occur
Occurred
Totals
125
221
114
460
27
32
112
171
7
8
28
43
Comes about
Come about
Came about
Totals
2
16
9
27
2
9
5
16
1
2
1
4
Takes place
Take place
Took place
Taken place
Totals
25
39
44
23
131
47
87
68
38
240
12
22
17
9
60
Sets in
Set in
Totals
1
8
9
4
9
13
1
2
3
After the analysis of each happen word separately (he decided to examine only
the examples from the academic register), Partington confirmed his hypothesis
that all investigated happen words have unfavourable prosody, although there
are different degrees of unfavourable prosody among the items in the group. “Set
in has the worst prosody, followed by happen, followed by occur and take place,
78
�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
while come about does not seem to evince any particular inclination” (Partington,
2004, p.144). Partington also states that there are register differences among the
investigated lexical items “probably linked to cohesive function, i.e. more formal
items like occur are used for extended cohesion more often than less formal ones
such as happen” (ibid.).
Most of the linguists discussing semantic preference and semantic
prosody agree that semantic prosody is primarily contingent upon semantic
preference and that “semantic preference 'feeds’ semantic prosody” (Stewart
2010, p.88, citing Hoey 2005, p.16ff). When Sinclair (1996) analysed expression
true feelings he found out that there is a clear semantic preference for ‘expression’verbs: express, communicate, show, reveal, share, pour out, give vent to, indicate, make
public. Hunston and Francis (1999, p. 137) stated that “a word may be said to have
a particular semantic prosody if it can be shown to co-occur typically with other
words that belong to a particular semantic set”, while Louw (2000, p. 57) writes
that “semantic prosody refers to a form of meaning which is established through
the proximity of a consistent series of collocates”.
On the other hand, when Stubbs (1995) analysed the word provide in the
200-million word corpus, he found that some of its top collocates were
information, service(s), support, help, money….It cannot be argued that there is an
obvious semantic set in other words clear semantic preference, but there is
definitely favourable prosody (which is interesting, since most of the investigated
lexical items in literature review on semantic prosody have unfavourable
prosody). The necessity to investigate more examples emerges, in order to claim
that semantic preference is obligatory element in constituting semantic prosody.
Very interesting example analysed by Sinclair (1996) is the one of the verb
brook. Its dictionary meaning is something like ‘tolerate’ as Sinclair analysis
shows that “ ‘tolerate’ can replace brook in all the examples without disturbing
their message” (Sinclair, 1996, p. 91). Sinclair points out (ibid.) “since it always
appears with some form of negative, e.g. brook no interference, will not brook any
attack, it is used by speakers to indicate not tolerance, but intolerance.” Regarding
this it could be concluded that the item expresses an unfavourable prosody.
However, Sinclair’s analysis confirms that the verb brook expresses “the
intolerance of intrusive behaviour by another” (ibid.). The overall prosody does
not tend to be unfavourable but favourable. It can be concluded that although
some words have negative basic meaning it is possible to find out that they reveal
positive semantic prosody.
Another interesting verb is alleviate which has positive meaning although
negative semantic prosody can be ascribed to it. Stewart (2010) analysed this verb
in the BNC and from his analysis it is obvious that the verb is associated with
negative prosody “in view of the fact that its co-text is peppered with seriously
undesirable elements”, but he adds that “we could not by any stretch of the
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imagination argue that they have negative connotations” (Stewart, 2010, p. 73).
Accordingly, it can be said that the verb alleviate has a positive basic meaning
although it is mostly mixed with bad company (collocates with the words such
as pain and suffering). Therefore, alleviate has not been ‘contaminated’ by its
unpleasant co-occurrences.
Stewart (2010) analysed the lexical environment of intuition in the BNC
(British National Corpus) as well as in the other, the corpus of semantic prosody.
On the one hand, in the BNC he found out that intuition seems to be neutral or
even leaning towards the favourable prosody (according to the OED intuition is
defined as our instinctive, immediate ‘feel’ for language). On the other hand, in
the corpus on semantic prosody, intuition has thoroughly unfavourable prosody
“occurs in the company of, unreliable, wrong, stranglehold, not reliable and accurate,
chancy and unreliable…” (Stewart, 2010, p. 122). If this is observed from the
diachronic view, we can say that a good word intuition has fallen under the
influence of bad company and has been contaminated by its bad influence. The
word intuition can also be observed from synchronic view and in that case it
shows unfavourable prosody in the corpus of semantic prosody.
It seems important to mention that the work, in which examples for the
corpus on semantic prosody are gathered, is the book Semantic Prosody written
by Stewart. Most of the scholars who dealt with the topic of semantic prosody
agree that intuition is a poor guide to revealing semantic prosody as follows:
“speaker’s intuition is usually an unreliable guide to patterns of collocation and
that intuition is an even poorer guide to semantic prosody” (Xiao & McEnery,
2006, p. 103).
“attested data are required in collocational studies, since native speaker
intuitions are not reliable source of evidence” (Stubbs, 1995, p. 24)
“analysis of evaluation can be removed from the chancy and unreliable business
of linguistic intuitions based in systematic observation of naturally occurring
data” (Channell, 1999, p. 39).
“semantic prosodies are difficult, if not impossible, to determine on the basis of
intuition alone” (Adfolphs & Carter, 2002, p. 7).
“The quantitative analysis of text by computer reveals facts about actual
language behaviour which are not, or at least not immediately, accessible to
intuition” (Widdowson, 2000, p. 6).
“It may well turn out to be the case that semantic prosodies are less accessible
through human intuition than most other phenomena to do with language”
(Louw, 1993, p. 173).
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�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
“SPs are open to introspection in principle...but native speakers have no reliable
and accurate intuitions about them” (Bublitz, 1996, p. 8).
Considering the historical development of language, the roots of the
synchronic and diachronic approach can be seen in the works of Breal (1897),
Saussure (CLG) and Bloomfield (1933). Breal, who is usually considered to be the
father of semantics, differentiates between what is the synchronic and the
diachronic study of a language, however his statements remained within the
realms of historical linguistics5. Saussure recognised one of the major distinctions
in linguistics, between synchronic and diachronic study of a language where the
latter relates to the historical dimension or the outside world 6. However,
Bloomfield restricts the object of linguistics to the decriprion of language in a
synchronic way, even when the decription aims to study the historical
development of a language (the historical development is considered to present
series of synchronic slices of evidence at different times)7.
When mentioning synchronic and diachronic approaches, it seems
important to point out that the corpora used to evidence the existence of semantic
prosody have always been synchronic.
As Stewart notices (2010) the diachronic dimension seems to be of huge
importance in descriptions on semantic prosody, though it has never been
entirely central. The interests of all the mentioned linguists interested in the
subject were somewhere else, and the diachronic analyses are almost entirely
absent.
Sinclair describes semantic prosody using synchronic criteria, while most other authors
approach the subject using both diachronic and synchronic criteria, with scarcely
acknowledgement that a single appellation (semantic prosody has been adopted to
denote distinct phenomena). Diachronic explanations tend to…favour the folkoristic
notion of good being contaminated by evil. (Stewart, 2010, p.55)
An issue that is commonly discussed among linguists is whether semantic
prosody resides in a single word or in several words. Bublitz (1996, p. 9) claims
that “with prosody we refer to the fact that a feature extends its domain, stretches
over and affects several units…something that accords with Firth’s idea that
meaning is regularly dispersed in context”. Partington (2004a, pp. 131-132) also
describes semantic prosody as a type of evaluative meaning which is “spread
over a unit of language which potentially goes well beyond the single
5
Breal (1897) outlined new scientific criteria for the study of language based on observation.
According to Saussure, the meaning of a word is no more just the relationship between a word and a
concept or thing, but the set of relationships that a specific word may entertain within a relational
network.
7
Bloomfield accepts that “in some cases a transferred meaning is linguistically determined by an
accompanying form” (1933, p. 150)
6
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�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
orthographic word” and Sinclair (2003, p. 117) claims that “semantic prosody
typically ranges over combinations of words in an utterance rather than being
attached just to one”. Although many of the authors agree that semantic prosody
does not reside in a single word but in several words, there are still several who
argue for the opposite. Stewart (2010, pp. 57-58) summarizes their statements as
the following:
“utterly has an overwhelmingly bad prosody” (Louw, 1993, p. 160)
“affect has a clearly negative prosody” (Stubbs, 1995, p. 45)
“the lemma cause has a strongly unfavourable prosody...the word provide,
on the other hand, had a favourable prosody in the Cobuild corpus
material” (Partington, 1998, p. 68)
“we know that the English equivalent of forarsage, namely cause, has an
overwhelmingly negative prosody” (Dam-Jensen & Zethsen, 2007, p.
1618)
“The negative semantic prosody of cause has been widely observed” (Xiao
& McEnery, 2006, p. 114)
However, Cotterill (2001, p. 291) refers to “the SP of a word” and to “the
semantic prosodies of words” (p. 293), whereas later assigns semantic prosody to
“lexical items” (p.297). It seems that another open question remains and the need
for more lexical items to be investigated in other to claim the former or latter.
Another interesting question regarding semantic prosody that arises is
whether connotation is a synonym of semantic prosody. In order to connect this
term to the notion of semantic prosody, several definitions of the connotations
are presented:
connotation of a word is “an emotive or affective component additional to
its central meaning” (Lyons, 1977, p. 176)
connotation implies “emotive or evaluative meaning” (Palmer, 1981, p. 92)
the main application of connotations “with reference to emotional
associations (personal or communal)which are suggested by, or are part
of the meaning of, a linguistic unit, especially a lexical item” (Crystal, 1991,
p. 74)
On the one hand Partington (1998), Berber-Sardinha (2000) Stubbs (2001),
Hunston (2002) and Whitsitt (2005) all agree that semantic prosody is
connotational. Partington, while analysing concordances of the verb commit says
“unfavourable connotation can be seen to reside not simply in the word commit
but over a unit consisting of commit and its collocates” (1998, p. 67). Partington
continues that “connotation would locate the meaning within a word, while
semantic prosody would locate meaning as spread[ing] across words” (p. 68).
Berber-Sarinha (2000, p. 93) states that “semantic prosody is the connotation
82
�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
conveyed by the regular co-occurrence of lexical items” whereas Hunston (2002,
p. 142) writes that semantic prosody “accounts for ‘connotation’: the sense that a
word carries a meaning in addition to its ‘real meaning’ ”. While analysing the
verb cause, Stubbs concludes that “cause has overwhelmingly unpleasant
connotations” (2001a, p. 49) and Whitsitt (2005, p. 285) states that semantic
prosody is defined in three different ways and one of these “which is very
widespread, treats semantic prosody as if it was a synonym of connotation”.
On the other hand Louw (2000, p. 49-50) argues that “semantic prosodies are
not merely connotational” as “the force behind SPs [semantic prosodies] is more
strongly collocational than the schematic aspects of connotation” and he
indicates that that semantic prosody is more strictly attitudinal than connotation.
Louw’s remarks suggest that semantic prosody is dependant on the relationship
between the item and its lexical environment, whereas connotation is related to
the single word and the experience the speaker/hearer associate with that word.
Besides Louw, Sinclair is another important person to be mentioned, who does
not seem to support excessive overlap between connotation and semantic
prosody. Sinclair (1996, p. 34) stated that:
But once noticed among the variety of expressions, it is immediately clear that the
semantic prosody has a leading role to play in the integration of an item with its
surroundings”...and he continues (ibid., p. 39) “The major structural categories that have
been proposed here- collocation, colligation, semantic preference and semantic prosodyand their inter-relationships, will be elaborated and will assume a central rather than a
peripheral role in language description (emphasis my own).
Therefore, according to Sinclair, semantic prosody is completely central to the
unit of meaning and has nothing to do with something peripheral.
A statement claimed by McEnery, Xiao and Tono (2006, p. 85) represents
the link between the two views above mentioned, as they argue that “connotation
can be collocational or non-collocational whereas semantic prosody can only be
collocational”.
To sum up, the notions semantic preference and semantic prosody have
been addressed frequently in several past years. The two prominent names to be
found in relation to the two terms are Sinclair and Louw. Stewart (2010) presents
the most common features of semantic prosody prioritised by Sinclair’s and by
Louw’s approach.
Element’s prioritized by Sinclair’s approach:
it is central to the unit of meaning, one of the two obligatory elements
it is considered within a synchronic framework
it is a feature of a unit which is larger than the single word/expression
it is not restricted to semantically ‘neutral’ lexical items
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�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
it is not restricted to descriptions in terms of ‘good’ and ‘bad’
Elements prioritized by Louw’s approach:
it is transferred or attached meaning
it is considered within both a diachronic and synchronic framework
it is a feature of the word
it is associated above all with more semantically ‘neutral’ lexical items
it is generally expressed by means of a binary distinction whose primary
terms are ‘good’ and ‘bad’ (positive / negative, favourable /
unfavourable)
(Stewart, 2010, p. 161)
Their approaches can be described in different ways, and other linguists
interested in the topic are either influenced by Sinclair or by Louw. Still most of
the issues related to the two terms and mentioned above are open for further
discussion.
4. CONCLUSION
From the literature review it is evident that some basic problems concerning
semantic preference and prosody are yet to be solved. There is evident necessity
for more examples, lexical items, to be analysed in this way in order to prove or
refute some of the conclusions that have already been reached. In sum, the
following are some of the open and much disputed issues that can serve as the
commencement for the further research for the linguists interested in the subject:
84
the possibility of the existence of semantic prosody in the targeted V-N
collocations
‘neutral’ meaning is necessary when revealing semantic prosody
hidden element is (not) crucial for semantic preference
semantic preference is (not) obligatory element in identification of
semantic prosody
connotation is (not) the synonym of semantic prosody
semantic prosody resides (does not reside) in the single word
semantic prosody can be considered in a diachronic framework as well
�Semantic preference and semantic prosody - a theoretical overview
Mirna Begagić
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88
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Semantic preference and semantic prosody-a theoretical overview
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Abstract: Semantic preference and semantic prosody are two notions that were carefully analysed in post-Firthian corpus linguistics and in the past few years there has been a growing interest in them. As corpora have become larger in size, and tools for extracting different lexical items for different purposes have been developed, the two terms have been addressed more frequently by linguists1. Throughout history, semantic preference and semantic prosody have sometimes been used for the same phenomenon but at other times the two were considered different but closely related. Previous corpus-based studies on the two terms have shown that they can be attached to many investigated lexical items. Therefore, this paper aims to present a detailed theoretical overview of the two terms in order to emphasise their immense importance for identifying the meaning of all the lexical items.
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Mirna Begagić
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2)
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International Burch University
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Keywords: semantic preference, semantic prosody, corpus, corpus linguistics.
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2), pp. 110-125, Winter 2018
Original research paper
ISSN 2566-4638
© International Burch University
http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/jeh2018122
Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic
landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo1, PhD
1 International
Burch University,
Sarajevo B&H
amna.brdarevic.celjo@ibu.edu.ba
Sead Zolota2
2 Kuwait
Academy Bilingual School,
Riggae, Kuwait
sead.zolota@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper examined the linguistic landscape of the
Governorate of Farwaniya, the biggest governorate in the State of
Kuwait, by means of public and private signs displayed in the city
center and side streets. A corpus of 150 photos of diverse signs, both
official and non-official, was collected, categorized, analyzed and
discussed. The results point to an undeniable representation of the
Arabic language in both public and private spheres of life as well as
to a substantial presence of the English language on a wide range of
signage therefore confirming the imprint the process of globalization
has made on this EFL context. The findings also indicate that some
other world languages, namely Bengali, Hindi, and Chinese, are
represented in the linguistic landscape of Kuwait but rather poorly.
Keywords: linguistic
landscape, monolingual and
multilingual signs, official
and non-official signs,
ethnolinguistic vitality
Article History
Submitted: 15 January 2019
Accepted: 10 February 2019
�Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo & Sead Zolota
1. INTRODUCTION
In the modern day and age, we are constantly surrounded by a maze of intricate
signage, whether it is a street sign, a shop sign, an advertisement, or a graffiti.
The most frequent manifestation of a sign takes the shape of a written message,
an image, or in most cases, a combination of both. Their display, content, location,
and context constitute the concept of linguistic landscape and they represent the
main investigatory data from which information about the linguistic and sociopolitical context of a country in question can be drawn. The field of linguistic
landscape focuses on studying representations of language in public spheres of
human life, which may include any visible signs, people`s perception of it, and
how they interact with it. With the process of globalization in full swing and the
ideologies of multilingualism and multiculturalism firmly rooted in different
countries around the world, this field has attracted the attention and intense
interest of researchers in different disciplines, such as sociolinguistics, sociology,
linguistic anthropology, politics, semiotics, and urban studies.
The term linguistic landscape has been contested and some other terms have
been proposed, namely “the decorum of the public life” (Ben-Rafael, Shohamy,
Amara & Trumper-Hecht, 2006, p. 10), the “environmental print” (Huebner,
2006, p. 33-35) and a “multilingual cityscape” (Gorter, 2006, p. 2). In all the
aforementioned proposals, the notion of landscape has been avoided due to the
fact that the term landscape denotes a large area of the countryside or “a painting
depicting a scenery on land” (Gorter, 2006, p. 83) whereas the main focus of this
field is actually a public, urban area. In addition to this, the term linguistic has
also been found problematic since, as Jaworski and Thurlow (2010) maintain,
linguistic is only one of the elements for the construction and interpretation of a
place as the written discourse always “interacts with other discursive modalities:
visual images, nonverbal communication, architecture, and the built
environment” (Jaworski & Thurlow, 2010, p. 2). Still, as the notion of linguistic
landscape has been widely accepted and frequently used by many researchers in
the field (e.g. Backhaus, 2005; Ben-Rafael et al., 2006; Huebner, 2009; Landry &
Bourhis, 1997) it is employed as such in the current paper.
Linguistic landscape (LL) is described as “the language of public road
signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs,
and public signs on government buildings [that] combines to form the linguistic
landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration” (Landry &
Bourhis, 1997, p. 25) or as a language on the objects in the public space (BenRafael et al., 2006). It determines and clarifies which languages are most
prominent and particularly valued in the public and private spheres and
“indexes the social positioning of people who identify with particular languages”
(Dagenais et al., 2009, p. 254). Shohamy and Gorter (2009, pp. 1-2) believe that the
prime focus of LL research is language in the immediate environment, namely
words as well as images displayed in public spaces and they associate the LL
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Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
with language that is visible and can be observed in schools, buses, government
buildings, cities, etc. Thus, analyzing the language displayed in the researched
context, the context itself, people identifying with that language as well as
messages conveyed is the core of LL research.
Researchers in the field of linguistic landscape gather data on language
displayed in public spaces by visiting different geographical sites which they
believe might contain interesting information on the (socio)linguistic or sociopolitical situation. Thus, some studies focused on the analysis of main streets or
shopping streets (Blackwood & Tufi, 2015; Cenoz & Gorter, 2003) or researched
the surrounding of a public transport route (Backhaus, 2007), while others
focused on advertising billboards (Tulp, 1978) or shopping malls (TrumperHecht, 2009). As mentioned earlier, the main investigatory data in this field are
signs from the environment performing different functions. The purpose and
location of signs play a vital role in their interpretation and we distinguish them
based on their function and the context in which they are displayed. According
to Chandler (2002, p. 4) signs “take the form of words, images, sounds, odors,
flavors, acts or objects, but such things have not intrinsic meaning and become
signs only when we invest them with meaning”. Chandler (2002) emphasized
that something represents a sign when it is interpreted as a signifier of something
“referring to or standing for something other than itself” (p. 4). Scollon and
Scollon (2003) state that there are three different ways a sign can have a meaning
in semiotic theory. Firstly, the sign can be a picture of something in the
environment and it is called an icon. Secondly, it can be a random representation
of a thing in the world and it is called a symbol and thirdly, a sign has a meaning
because of the place and time it is located in and it is called an index.
Signs have been classified in various ways. Heubner (2009) focused on the
purpose a sign has in the linguistics landscape and proposed that signs be
classified as informational, interactional, directive, expressive, and poetic, which
emphasizes the importance of the function of a sign. Likewise, Landry and
Bourhis (1997) also attached great importance to the function of a sign and the
function of the linguistic landscape of a territory in general and they stated that
the linguistic landscape of a territory can have two different functions, namely
informational and symbolic. Thus, the linguistic landscape serves to inform “ingroup and out-group members of the linguistic characteristics, territorial limits,
and language boundaries of the region they have entered” (Landry & Bourhis,
1997, p. 25). However, Landry and Bourhis (1997) also point out the symbolic
function of a sign and state that signs can emotionally and ideologically impact
the members of the linguistic landscape in which these signs are displayed. Thus,
the absence of a language on public signs certainly affects the feelings of the
members of that language group in a setting featuring more than one language
(Bourhis, 1992).
112
�Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo & Sead Zolota
Signs, such as traffic signs, may inform us or contain a warning notice we
should heed, whereas other signs may display names of government institutions
or product advertisements providing us with information which is in accordance
with our interest. Based on the type of the information signs provide, they can be
classified into private signs and government signs (Landry & Bourhis, 1997; Leclerc,
1989). Private signs are non-official and they are commercial signs on shops and
other businesses, commercials on billboards, advertising signs in public transport
system and individual cars (Landry & Bourhis, 1997). On the other hand,
government signs are road signs, street names, names of different governmental
institutions etc. Additionally, Ben-Rafael et al. (2010) rely on this classification
providing different names for public and government signs. Thus, they classify
signs as top-down and bottom-up, whereby top-down or official signs designate
government signs while bottom-up or non-official signs designate private signs.
In this division of signs, there exists an ambiguous area related to the
discrepancies in the design of official and non-official signs due to a substantial
difference between them. That particular area was scrutinized by Huebner (2009,
p. 74), who claimed that “the distinction between `top-down` versus `bottom-up`
failed to capture the notion of agency and how it impacted language forms in the
linguistic landscape”.
Official or government signs are frequently translated into some widely
spread world languages mainly for the purpose of ensuring that tourists and
foreigners who visit the country can read them and because of the language
policy in the country (Backhaus, 2006), though there are still some official signs
which are left untranslated. As for non-official or private signs, their translation
depends on the owners of the shops or any other businesses and most owners
decide to provide the translation because they want to attract as many tourists or
foreigners as possible. The representation of other languages on signs apart from
the native tongue is the basic criterion for distinguishing between monolingual
and multilingual signs, the distinction made by Backhaus (2006) and the
distinction which will be made in this paper.
Though a rather new research field, linguistic landscape has sparked an
interest of many researchers involved in decoding multilingualism on a global
scale. One of the pioneers of linguistic landscape research, Spolsky and Cooper
(1991), examined 100 signs in Jerusalem, proposing three classifications of signs.
The first classification relates to the function and the use of signs (street signs,
advertising signs, warning notices, building names, informative signs,
commemorative plaques, signs labelling objects and graffiti), the second one
takes into consideration the materials from which the sign is made or its physical
form (metal, tile, poster, wood, and stone), while the third classification takes into
account the language used in the sign and the number of languages, thus making
clear distinction between monolingual signs, bilingual signs, and multilingual
signs. The main focus of this study in the field of linguistic landscape was the
language choice on street signs in Jerusalem and the results revealed that public
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
signs make an important contribution to communication between people of
different ethnicities and that ethnic diversity is reflected on multilingual signs
and “recongized and respected” (Spolsky & Cooper, 1991, p. 151) in the Old City
of Jerusalem. Some other studies in this field followed. Hence, researching
linguistic landscape of Montreal, Monnier (1991) presented interesting results
which suggest that French was an overwhelmingly dominant language on the
signs in department stores, whereas English was highly prevalent in hotels and
restaurants. Moreover, Scollon and Scollon (2003) investigated the presence of
English signs in the linguistic landscape of Beijing and they concluded that
English is not used for the convenience of foreigners, but simply to advertise their
taste and manners. In addition to these studies whose main investigatory data
were solely signs, there were also some studies which employed questionnaires
to gain people’s perceptions of the linguistic landscape of the area they inhabit
or visit. Thus, Bruyèl-Olmedo and Juan-Garau (2009) conducted research on
tourists’ expectations about the linguistic landscape in the resort of Arenal in
Majorca and they stated that they expected to be able to see English in every place
in public thus confirming a global trend of the omnipresence of English in the
public space of an area, a tourist area in particular.
A broad range of countries, cities, and environments have been analyzed
offering a number of distinctive perspectives on multilingualism in different
parts of the world. However, to our knowledge, no studies in the field of
linguistic landscape have been conducted in Kuwait. Hence, this paper might
make a modest contribution to the future of studies in this field. This paper
examines the linguistic landscape of Kuwait which involves the presence of
official and non-official signs and their dissemination throughout the
Governorate of Farwaniya located in Kuwait. Kuwait, officially known as State
of Kuwait, is a small country located in the Middle-East in the northern edge of
the Persian Gulf bordering Iraq and Saudi Arabia. It is a culturally diverse
country boasting numerous cultures and nationalities coming from Iran, Egypt,
India, Arica, and western countries as well. Due to its highly developed economy,
it has attracted many expatriates from around the globe. Consequently, more
than half the population consists of expatriates, which was confirmed by The
World Factbook (2015) stating that “Expatriates in Kuwait account for around 70%
of Kuwait's total population. 60% of Kuwait's total population are Arabs
(including Arab expats)”. The official language of Kuwait is Arabic. In addition
to Arabic, minority languages, such as Hindi, Bengali, Tagalog, Chinese and
Japanese, are also used as well as English which is most widespread due to its
role as a global lingua franca. The fact that the members of this linguistic
landscape speak different languages has contributed to the development of
multilingualism and the emergence of bilingual or multilingual signs.
In this paper, the representation of languages on signs in two urban areas,
the main market street abounding in both official and non-official signage,
114
�Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo & Sead Zolota
namely the Governorate of Farwaniya and Riggae. Farwaniya was chosen on the
grounds of it being culturally and linguistically diverse. On the other hand,
Riggae is a sparsely populated area but was selected as a useful contrast to
Farwaniya. Taking into consideration all the shops selling perfumes, food,
jewelry, clothes, spices, and phones in the area of Farwaniya as well as some areas
neighboring the institution of Manpower and Government Restructuring
Program, the need for convenient signs was compelling, which granted us a
generous amount of signage to capture and analyze. Thus, this paper will explore
the presence of the native as well as minority languages on public and private
signage to see which language dominates this linguistically contested area. Due
to the importance and omnipresence of English in the world today, its
representation on the signs in the linguistic landscape of the two aforementioned
areas will be given particular attention.
Thus, the current paper aims to answer the following research questions:
RQ1: Which languages are most frequently represented on official and nonofficial signs in Kuwait and what is the role of English in the linguistic landscape
of Kuwait?
RQ2: What is the difference in the representativeness of two contestant
languages, namely Arabic and English, on official and non-official signs in the
linguistic landscape of Kuwait?
RQ3: What is the difference in the representativeness of two contestant
languages, namely Arabic and English, on signs displayed in city streets and in
side streets in the linguistic landscape of Kuwait?
2. METHODOLOGY
The research was conducted in the city of Farwaniya and in a smaller area in
Riggae. The city center is replete with small businesses and large enterprises,
local stores, supermarkets offering a wide variety of services and these were a
remarkable source for this study because of innumerable signs strewn in and
around the city center. Despite the overwhelming prevalence of non-official
signage, we managed to collect a sufficient number of samples of official signage.
For the research purposes, a smartphone camera was employed to capture the
signage in both areas as it was done in some previous studies as well (Huebner,
2006; Muth, 2008). Thus, 150 photos were taken containing a wide range of signs
including street, traffic, shop, warning signs and public places brimming with
advertisements. In order to create data as diverse as possible, we photographed
a range of different signs including street signs, advertisements, shop signs,
warning notices, graffiti, and shops and restaurants of Indian, Filipino, and even
Chinese cuisine in particular. The main street served as an ample source of
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
official signage consisting mainly of street names and traffic signs. Taking
pictures of the signs near government buildings was impossible due to a strict
prohibition of recording or photo taking imposed by the authorities.
Nevertheless, in addition to the main street, we decided to explore a few side
streets which proved to be abundant supply of non-official signage. The data
analysis was conducted by means of qualitative method, which allows for
convenient inspection and examination of signs and observation of the languages
used on signs but “since such observations are not based on a clearly defined
corpus, they cannot be quantified.” (Backhaus, 2005, p. 92-94)
3. RESULTS
Which languages are most frequently represented on official and non-official signs in
Kuwait?
For the purposes of this study, 150 photographs of signs were collected, 42 official
and 108 non-official signs. Although the number of two types of signs is
disparate, it will not negatively affect the research results. Moreover, there were
11 official monolingual signs and 31 official bilingual signs, whereas there were
as many as 52 non-official monolingual signs, 54 non-official bilingual signs, and
2 trilingual signs (Table 1).
Table 1. Official and non-official signs
Official signs
Non-official signs
Total
Total
42
108
150
Monolingual
11
52
63
Bilingual
31
54
85
Multilingual
0
2
2
The native language of Kuwait, namely the Arabic language, is most commonly
represented on various official and non-official signs displayed either in city or
side streets (n = 128), which makes 85.33% of the overall number of signs. The
language that seems to be contesting Arabic in this linguistic landscape is English
as it is present on 108 signs (n = 108) or in 72% of instances. The number of signs
in which only Arabic is employed is rather low (n = 42), which makes it only 28%
of the overall number of signs, whereas there are 21 signs on which only English
is displayed (14%). In addition to two competing languages on signs in the
linguistic landscape of Kuwait, there are some other languages, such as Hindi,
Bengali and Chinese, which are underrepresented since each language was
presented on one sign only (Table 2).
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�Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo & Sead Zolota
Table 2. Languages displayed on the signs
Language
Arabic
Number of
Instances
(out of 150)
128
English
108
Hindi
1
Bengali
1
Chinese
1
The majority of sings is in Standard Arabic, since apart from natives many
expatriates coming from other Arabic countries such as Egypt, Tunisia, Syria,
Jordan, and Lebanon live in Kuwait. Since the varieties of Arabic spoken and
used in those countries are rather different and sometimes mutually
unintelligible, the use of Standard Arabic on signs is needed for their proper
interpretation by both natives and expatriates. However, since a large number of
people from some western countries and people from Pakistan, China, India and
the Philippines etc. live in this area, such a high representation of English on signs
is rather expected as it is a means of overcoming language barriers and it plays
the role of a Kuwait’s lingua franca. Thus, with English being the most represented
foreign language on signs in the linguistic landscape of Kuwait, its immense
international prestige has been confirmed once again. Therefore, the results of
the current study are fully in line with some previous research which also
emphasized the leading role of English (among other foreign languages) in the
linguistic landscapes around the globe (Cenoz & Gorter, 2006; Edelman, 2006;
Lamarre, 2014 etc.). A low representation of other minority languages is not
unexpected due to a small number of people using those languages living in this
area. However, two of the three signs representing these minority languages are
multilingual and they contain information in Arabic and English apart from
either Chinese (Figure 1) or Bengali (Figure 2). One remaining sign is bilingual
with the restaurant’s menu in Hindi and only the name of the restaurant in
English (Figure 3). It seems plausible that these languages represent the language
choice of the owners because they aim people from those specific cultures apart
from others as signs very often serve either an expressive or a poetic function
(Huebner, 2009).
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
Figure 1. Example of Chinese Language Representation
Figure 2. Example of Bengali Language Representation
Figure 3. Example of Hindu Language Representation
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�Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo & Sead Zolota
What is the difference in the representativeness of two contestant languages, namely
Arabic and English, on official and non-official signs in the linguistic landscape of
Kuwait?
Most official signs are bilingual (n = 31) in English and Arabic, and they represent
73.81% of the overall number of official signs (n = 42) (Figure 4). Out of those 31
bilingual official signs, the Arabic language is represented first and displayed
above the English translation on 29 signs (93.55%) (Figure 4), whereas these two
languages are placed next to each other, English on the left side and Arabic on
the right side, on 2 signs only (6.45%) (Figure 5). However, there are no official
bilingual signs on which English is represented first. 11 official signs (26.19%) are
monolingual, and out of those 4 official signs represent only English, whereas 7
signs display information only in Arabic.
Figure 4. A bilingual official sign
As for non-official signs (n = 108), there are 105 signs which contain only
English and/or Arabic and we will elaborate on these further. Namely, out of
these 105 non-official signs, 52 signs are monolingual (49.52%), with 35 signs
representing only Arabic and 17 signs displaying only the English language. 53
signs (50.48%) are bilingual containing information both in Arabic and English.
On 25 bilingual non-official signs information in the Arabic language is
represented first, on 11 signs the information in English comes first, whereas on
the remaining 17 signs English and Arabic seem to be equally represented as the
information in English is displayed on the left side and the information in Arabic
on the right side of the sign (Figure 5).
Figure 5. A bilingual non-official sign
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
These results are rather interesting, as they show that official signs are
more frequently bilingual (73.81%) than non-official signs (50%), which points to
the consciousness of the governmental institutions of the presence of foreigners
in the country and their need to understand the displayed signs. The fact that
Arabic is not present on only 4 official signs out of 42 (9.52%) and on only 17 out
of 108 non-official signs (15.74%) points to a rather high awareness of nativism.
Moreover, it is rather interesting that on bilingual official signs Arabic is
displayed first in 93.55% instances which contrasts with the bilingual non-official
signs on which Arabic is presented first in 47.17% instances. Such a
predominance of Arabic on bilingual official signs can be ascribed to the
country’s policies related to the language choice on public governmental signage.
On the other hand, on 28 out of 53 bilingual non-official signs (52.83%), English
has either an equal representation as Arabic or it is more prominent as it is
presented first. Such findings point to the fact that English is directly competing
with Arabic on non-official signs. Still, the high representativeness of Arabic and
the place given to it on both official and non-official signs seem to suggest that
nativism is still valued in Kuwait and that that country still has high
ethnolinguistic vitality (EV) if Landry and Bourhis’s (1997) explanations of EV
are taken into consideration.
Official signs constitute a vital aspect in an ever-growing expatriate
community of the State of Kuwait. One of the critical requirements for a
functional community of expatriates is a proper and complete translation of
public government signs which convey crucial information regarding street
names, warning notices, or names of government buildings. Table 3 examines the
translation of English on public signage and strives to see whether the
information in Arabic is fully or partially translated into English. All 31 bilingual
official signs have been translated from Arabic into English in their entirety.
Conversely, the results are somewhat different concerning the translation of
bilingual non-official signs into English. Thus, out of 53 bilingual non-official
signs, 36 signs have been fully translated, and 17 signs have received a partial
translation.
Table 3. Translation on bilingual official and non-official signs
Type of translation
Official signs
Non-official signs
Full translation
31
36
Partial translation
0
17
What is the difference in the representativeness of two contestant languages, namely
Arabic and English, on signs displayed in city streets and in side streets in the linguistic
landscape of Kuwait?
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�Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo & Sead Zolota
The research sample was further subdivided into two additional categories,
namely the signs found in the city center along the main street and the signs
located in side streets outside the city center. Following this division, 106 photos
(70.67%) of signs were taken in the city center, whereas 44 photos (29.33%) of
signs were taken in side streets. Out of 106 signs displayed in the city center, 36
signs are monolingual (33.96%), 69 bilingual (65.09%) and 1 sign is trilingual
(.94%). On the other hand, out of the 44 signs on display in side streets, 27 signs
were monolingual (61.36%), 16 signs were bilingual (36.36%) and 1 sign was
trilingual (2.27%) (Table 4).
Table 5. Signage in the city center and in side streets
Total
106
Monolingual
36
Bilingual
69
Trilingual
1
Signs displayed in side streets
44
27
16
1
Total
150
63
85
3
Signs displayed in the city
center
The results also point to an almost equal presence of English (n = 87;
82.07%) and Arabic (n = 88; 83.02%) on the public signage in the city center and
to a much greater prominence of Arabic (n = 40; 90.9%) than English (n = 21;
47.73%) in side streets (Table 5), which is an indication of a great presence of the
Arab communities in those areas.
Table 5. The representation of English and Arabic on the signage in the city center
and side streets
Language
English
Arabic
City Center
87
88
Side Streets
21
40
Out of 68 bilingual signs displaying English and Arabic in the city center,
it is rather peculiar to notice that on 42 signs Arabic is displayed first, on 16 signs
both languages are represented equally and there are even 10 non-official signs
in the city center which are only represented in the English language. Moreover,
out of 16 bilingual signs displayed in side streets, 12 signs present information in
the Arabic language first, 1 sign presents information in English first and on 3
signs both English and Arabic are given equal credit. It is rather interesting to
notice that monolingual signs are more frequently displayed in side streets than
in the city center as they represent 33.96% of all the signs displayed in the city
center and 61.36% of all the signs displayed in side streets. Out of 36 monolingual
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
signs displayed in the city center, 17 signs are English and 19 Arabic. The
discrepancy between monolingual English and Arabic signs is much more
conspicuous in side streets, where out of 27 signs there were only 4 monolingual
English signs and 23 monolingual Arabic signs.
Table 6. Monolingual Signs in English and Arabic
Area of Inquiry
English
Arabic
Monolingual Signs
City Center
17
19
Side Streets
4
23
Such findings show that monolingual English signs are not highly valued and
present in side streets (only in 14.81% cases), where the majority of signs were
monolingual Arabic signs. On the other hand, in the city center monolingual
English and Arabic signs were almost equally represented, which also indicates
that English and Arabic in this sociolinguistic context are two contestant
languages. Due to the fact that side streets are not frequently visited by
foreigners, Arabic seems to be a predominant language in such places, whereas
in the city center, which is visited by many foreigners, both English and Arabic
are displayed almost to an equal extent. This shows that in the linguistic
landscape of Kuwait English is not competing with other foreign languages but
its contestant language is the country’s native language, which proves that
immense importance is attached to English in this rather peculiar sociolinguistic
context.
4. CONCLUSION
This study aimed to analyze the linguistic landscape of the Governorate of
Farwaniya, the biggest governorate in Kuwait. Within the corpus of 150
photographs taken in the city center along the main street and side streets, the
overall presence and language structure of official or public signs and nonofficial or private signs was explored. The results indicated that English is the
most dominant foreign language and that no other foreign language is so highly
represented in this socio-cultural context with Bengali, Hindi and Chinese each
occurring only once in the corpus. Thus, English is the only foreign language
competing with the native tongue, namely Arabic in this linguistic landscape.
The findings further pointed to a difference between official and non-official
signs, as well as between the signs displayed in the city center and those
displayed in side streets in terms of the property of monolingualism and
bilingualism and the positioning of the languages represented. Thus, it was
noticed that on bilingual official governmental signs Arabic is either represented
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�Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
Amna Brdarević Čeljo & Sead Zolota
first or Arabic and English are on an equal footing while there were no signs on
which English was positioned first. However, this was not the case with nonofficial signs. Moreover, the findings also pointed to a much lower presence of
English monolingual signs in side streets (n = 4) than in the city center (n = 17).
Compared to the number of 23 Arabic monolingual signs in side street, it
strengthens the belief that nativism is still nourished in this country in particular
outside a strictly public domain. The results of the current study are rather
important as they provide a clearer insight into the linguistic landscape of yet
another country where English has a prominent international role.
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�
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Journal of Education and Humanities
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Bilingualism in Kuwait – a linguistic landscape approach
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Abstract: This paper examined the linguistic landscape of the Governorate of Farwaniya, the biggest governorate in the State of Kuwait, by means of public and private signs displayed in the city center and side streets. A corpus of 150 photos of diverse signs, both official and non-official, was collected, categorized, analyzed and discussed. The results point to an undeniable representation of the Arabic language in both public and private spheres of life as well as to a substantial presence of the English language on a wide range of signage therefore confirming the imprint the process of globalization has made on this EFL context. The findings also indicate that some other world languages, namely Bengali, Hindi, and Chinese, are represented in the linguistic landscape of Kuwait but rather poorly.
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Amna Brdarević Čeljo
Sead Zolota
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2)
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International Burch University
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Winter 2018
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ISSN 2566-4638
DOI 10.14706/JEH2018122
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Keywords: linguistic landscape, monolingual and multilingual signs, official and non-official signs, ethnolinguistic vitality
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https://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/7f0685171798d3f20b8eb00a4561501a.pdf
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Text
Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2), pp. 53-64, Winter 2018
Original research paper
ISSN 2566-4638
© International Burch University
http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/jeh2018123
The influence of Grade point Average and
Socioeconomic Status on Learning Strategies
Haris Delić, MA
Senad Bećirović, PhD
Faculty of Education and Humanities, International Burch University
Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidža 71210, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
harisdelic91@gmail.com
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract: A variety of different factors seem to have an influence on
both second language learning difficulties as well as learning
strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of
different socio-economic status and grade point average on learning
strategies and learning difficulties in second language acquisition
(SLA) process. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to
gather data, i.e. a survey method was applied. The research sample
included 206 high school participants. The results showed that a
socioeconomic status did not have a significant influence on the
students’ second language acquisition difficulties. However, the
students’ grade point average significantly affected second language
acquisition difficulties and also language learning strategies. The
results of this study may help instructors to tailor instructions and
content to students’ needs and their preferable styles of learning.
Taking into consideration students’ learning difficulties and
learning strategies in designing and implementing classes may
significantly improve teaching and learning outcomes.
Keywords: learning
strategies, learning
difficulties, socio-economic
status, GPA level, second
language acquisition.
Article History
Submitted: 1 December 2018
Accepted: 15 January 2019
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
1. INTRODUCTION
Many factors make English language instruction in a foreign language context
such as the one in Bosnia and Herzegovina largely important. As the country
strives to become a part of international bodies and an equal member in the
international community, the significance of the mastery of the English language
is increasingly emphasized (Bećirović, 2017). As Wu (2001) points out, the
English knowledge has become highly important worldwide since it plays an
important role in all fields of modern life, starting from business or science to
communication between members of different cultures. With the growing
number of educational institutions in the country that are oriented towards
international education, it becomes natural that learners in Bosnia and
Herzegovina are expected to reach an advanced level of proficiency in the
English language by the time they finish their high schools. Thus, there is a need
to investigate all possible factors influencing the process of reaching higher levels
of proficiency, including socioeconomic status, learning strategies and average
grade.
Ariani and Ghafournia (2016) suggest that in the process of language
acquisition a socio economic status plays one of the major roles. However, the
literature on the relationship between socioeconomic status and language
learning does not include many empirical studies. On the other hand, there are
numerous research papers that deal with the relationship between
socioeconomic status and motivation for language learning presenting a bridge
to the language learning process. Khansir et.al. (2016) investigated to what extent
a higher socioeconomic status can influence motivation for language learning.
After investigating 10 year old students they realized that “when parents were at
the high level of the economical status, participants could have better situation
in dealing with English learning“ (2016, p. 749) mainly because students could be
more reinforced by their parents’ financial support and the level of language
success is increased as the family’s economical level is increased. In almost
similar investigation conducted in Chile, Kormos and Kiddle (2013) found that
“social class has an overall medium-size effect on motivational factors“ (2013, p.
400).
Next, language learning strategies, i.e. tactics making a new cognitive
demanding linguistic system simpler (Selinker, 1972), appear to be one of the
psycholinguistic processes that shape interlanguage system. Likewise, Abhakorn
(2008) deals with the learners’ strategies, also known as a cognitive model of
learning, as one of the possible factors in the L2 acquisition process. Learning
presents an active, ongoing, and dynamic process in which a learner “shapes”
the information that he/she receives, connects it with the previous ones, retains
the parts he/she thinks are important and uses it for further learning. Strategic
knowledge refers to the information about what strategies are likely to be
effective in achieving the learning goal (Flavell, 1979, p. 909). In other words,
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�The influence of Grade point Average and Socioeconomic Status on Learning Strategies
Haris Delić & Senad Bećirović
strategic knowledge is general knowledge about the nature and utility of
strategies (Wenden, 1987, p. 580). More precisely, it includes information about
the strategies as such, why they are useful and specific knowledge about when
and how to use them. The implications in learning English as a second language
that may negatively influence students’ achievement are situations when the
teaching methods used do not match students’ preferred learning styles, or the
teaching content does not match students’ levels.
Following, GPA (Grade Point Average) is a very important factor in the
process of language acquisition. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines GPA as
“the average obtained by dividing the total number of grade points earned by
the total number of credits attempted“ (Merriam-Webster.com, 2017). The
relationship between GPA and other factors such as gender, age, and language
proficiency has been investigated by Pan (2005). She explored the relationship
between these factors and found a significant correlation between GPA and other
three factors (2005, p. 109-121). She also investigated the connection between
GPA and language learning strategies. The results in her study showed that “the
higher the proficiency level, the greater the variety of learning strategies used“
(Pan, 2005, p. 120).
The purpose of this study is to investigate how GPA and socioeconomic status
influence second language learning difficulties and strategies among high school
students. In order to investigate the impact of these factors the study employed
quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. The identification of those
factors and relationships enables easier understanding of the situations and steps
that need to be taken into consideration in order to create a better SLA
environment and improve the existing one.
2. THE PRESENT STUDY
Based on the aforementioned aim, the following research questions guided the
study:
RQ 1 Is there any statistically significant difference in second language
acquisition difficulties based on the students’ socio-economic status?
RQ 2 Is there any statistically significant difference in second language
acquisition difficulties based on the students’ GPA?
RQ 3 Is there any statistically significant difference in language learning
strategies based on the students’ GPA?
The following null hypotheses were tested:
H01 There is no statistically significant difference in second language acquisition
difficulties between the students with different socio-economic status,
55
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
H02 There is no statistically significant difference in second language acquisition
difficulties between the students with different GPA and
H03 There is no statistically significant difference in language learning strategies
based on the students’ GPA.
2.1.
PARTICIPANTS
The research sample consisted of 206 high school student. The participants were
selected from all four high school grades. The research sample includes 125 males
(60.7 %) and 81 females (39.3%). All participants were from Bosnia and
Herzegovina. A detailed summary of the sample according to socio-economic
status and GPA level is presented in the table below.
Table 1 Descriptive analysis of the participants
N
Percentage
Socio-economic status
GPA groups
2.2.
Low
Middle
High
2.5-2.9
3.0-3.4
3.5-3.9
4.0-4.4
4.5-5.0
15
124
67
10
10
31
39
116
1.5
61.7
36.9
4.9
4.9
15.0
18.9
56.3
INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURE
The instrument used for data collection was built on Rebecca Oxford’s Strategy
Inventory for Language Learning (Oxford, 1990) and Dörnyei's Motivation
questionnaire (You & Dörnyei, 2016). The parts from the aforementioned
instruments were utilized and adapted for this research. The questionnaire
consisted of 40 statements and a 5-point Likert scale was used. The students could
choose one out of five statements (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and
strongly disagree). The questionnaire is composed of the following subscales:
second language impact on mother tongue (α = 0.51), motivation difficulties for
acquiring second language (α = 0.50), negative impact of school environment and
atmosphere (α = 0.97), target language difficulties (α = 0.86), passive learning
strategies (α = 0.64), individual strategies (α = 0.65), and language skills strategies
(α = 0.50). The questionnaire containing 40 items was distributed to the high
school students in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and they needed around
20 minutes to fill it out.
56
�The influence of Grade point Average and Socioeconomic Status on Learning Strategies
Haris Delić & Senad Bećirović
In order to minimize the possibility of false responses the students were
informed that the questionnaire was completely anonymous and would not have
any effect on their grades or school status. They were also told that the results
would be used just for the purpose of this study.
2.3.
DATA ANALYSIS
The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS, v. 23). Following the guidelines for the questionnaire analysis, frequencies
and means were computed to ascertain the types and frequencies of the
implications and language learning strategies expressed by the participants.
Firstly, descriptive analysis including mean, standard deviation (SD) and
frequencies was employed. A one way ANOVA was used to show the differences
between the study groups.
3. RESULTS
The first research question focused on the differences of second language
acquisition difficulties between three different levels of socioeconomic status,
namely low, medium, and high.
Table 2 Descriptive statistics of differences based on socio-economic status
Socio-economic status
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Low
15
3.42
.56
Middle
124
3.25
.47
High
67
3.27
.49
Total
206
3.27
.48
A one-way ANOVA between subjects was conducted to compare second
language acquisition difficulties among students with different socio-economic
status. The results showed that there was an insignificant difference F (2.203)
= 1.18, p = .450, η2 = .008. The group of students of low socio-economic status had
the highest mean (M = 3.42, SD = 0.14) and the lowest mean was achieved by the
group of middle socioeconomic status (M = 3.27, SD = 0.47) Therefore, the results
showed that the students’ socio-economic status did not have a significant effect
on second language acquisition difficulties and the first null hypothesis was
supported. However, a one-way ANOVA between subjects showed that socioeconomic status had a significant influence on the difficulties in terms of second
language impact on mother tongue F (2.203) = 3.86, p = .023, η2 = .037, and on
motivation difficulties for acquiring second language F (2.203) = 4.84, p = .009, η2
= .046, and did not significantly affect the school environment and atmosphere
F (2.203) = 0.556, p = .574, η2 = .005 and target language difficulties F (2.203)
= 0.522, p = .594, η2 = .005.
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�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
The second research question referred to the differences in second language
acquisition difficulties among five different GPA groups of students.
Table 3 Descriptive statistics of differences based on GPA
GPA
N
Mean
Std. deviation
4.5-5
4-4.5
3.5-4
3-3.5
2.5-3
Total
116
39
31
10
10
206
3.42
3.11
3.10
2.98
3.05
3.27
.48
.41
.51
.21
.37
.48
A one-way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to compare second
language acquisition difficulties among students with different GPA levels.
There was a significant difference at p < .05 between the students of different
GPA levels F (4.20) = 6.65, p < .001, η2 = .117. The students with the highest GPA
(4.5-5.0) reported the most difficulties M = 3.42 (SD = 0.48), while students with
GPA 3.0-3.5 reported the least difficulties M = 2.98 (SD = 0.21). Thus, GPA proved
to have a significant impact on second language acquisition difficulties and the
second null hypothesis was refuted. Post hoc Tukey HSD (Table 4) showed that
the GPA group 4.5-5.0 was statistically significantly different from all other GPA
groups except the group 2.5-3.0. The differences between the 2.5-3.0 group and
all other groups were insignificant.
(I)
GPA
4.5-5
4-4.5
3.5-4
58
Table 4 Analysis of variances between different GPA scores
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Overall Implications
Tukey HSD
(J) GPA
Mean
Std.
Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Differenc
Error
Lower
Upper
e (I-J)
Bound
Bound
4.0-4.5
.30*
.08
.00
.07
.54
3.5-4.0
.31*
.09
.00
.06
.57
*
3.0-3.5
.43
.15
.04
.01
.84
2.5-3.0
.36
.15
.12
-.05
.78
4.5-5.0
-.30*
.08
.00
-.54
-.07
3.5-4.0
.01
.11
1.00
-.29
.31
3-3.5.0
.12
.16
.94
-.32
.57
2.5-3.0
.05
.16
.99
-.39
.50
4.5-5.0
-.31*
.09
.00
-.57
-.06
4.0-4.5
-.01
.11
1.00
-.31
.29
3.0-3.5
.11
.16
.96
-.34
.57
�The influence of Grade point Average and Socioeconomic Status on Learning Strategies
Haris Delić & Senad Bećirović
3-3.5
2.5-3
2.5-3.0
.04
.16
.99
-.41
4.5-5.0
-.43*
.15
.04
-.84
4.0-4.5
-.12
.16
.94
-.57
3.5-4.0
-.11
.16
.96
-.57
2.5-3.0
-.06
.20
.99
-.63
4.5-5.0
-.36
.15
.12
-.78
4-4.5.0
-.05
.16
.99
-.50
3.5-4.0
-.04
.16
.99
-.50
3.0-3.5
.06
.20
.99
-.50
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
.50
-.01
.32
.34
.50
.05
.39
.41
.63
As for the subscales of second language difficulties, GPA had a significant
influence only on target language difficulties p < .001, η2 = .139 and did not have
a significant influence on second language impact on mother tongue p = .147, η2
= .033, on motivation difficulties for acquiring second language p = .124, η2 = .035,
school environment and atmosphere p = .413, η2 = .019.
The third research question was related to the differences in language
learning strategies between five different GPA groups. In order to answer this
question, a one-way between subjects ANOVA was conducted. The results
showed that in terms of overall usage of language learning strategies there was a
significant difference F (4.201) = 2.87, p < .024, η2 = .054. The group of students
with GPA 4.0-4.5 reported the highest mean M = 2.73 (SD = 0.37), while students
with GPA 4.5-5.0 reported the lowest mean M = 2.51 (SD = 0.41). GPA also had a
significant influence on passive learning strategy F (4.201) = 2.76, p = .029, η2 =
.052. where the group 4.0-4.5 reported the highest mean M = 2.63 (SD = 0.68), and
the group 4.5-5.0 reported the lowest mean M = 2.24 (SD = 0.73). GPA did not
have a significant influence on individual learning strategies and on the language
skills strategies. Regarding the subscale of individual learning strategies the
highest mean was again reported by the group with GPA 4.0-4.5 M = 3.13 (SD =
0.74), and the lowest by the group with GPA 2.5-3.0 M = 2.73 (SD = 0.43). As for
the language skills strategies the group with GPA 2.5-3.0 reported the highest
mean M = 2.77 (SD = 0.51), while the lowest mean was reported by the group
with GPA 4.5-5.0 M = 2.35 (SD = 0.59).
Table 5 Descriptive results of learning strategies
Report
GPA groups
Overall Lang.
Passive
Individual
learning
learning
Strategies
strategies
strategies
4.5-5
4-4.5
Mean
Std. Dev.
Mean
2.51
0.41
2.73
2.24
0.73
2.63
3.06
0.64
3.13
Language
Skills
Strategies
2.35
0.59
2.55
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�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
3.5-4
3-3.5
2.5-3
Total
Std. Dev.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Mean
Std. Dev.
0.37
2.62
0.33
2.70
0.42
2.67
0.33
2.58
0.39
0.68
2.44
0.58
2.60
0.64
2.54
0.63
2.38
0.71
0.74
2.97
0.85
3.03
0.65
2.73
0.43
3.04
0.69
0.60
2.55
0.46
2.50
0.86
2.77
0.51
2.44
0.60
4. CONCLUSION
We anticipated that there is no statistically significant difference in L2 difficulties
between students belonging to three major socio-economic groups, or that this
socio-economic status does not affect the language acquisition process. The
results showed that this hypothesis was supported. There can be a number of
reasons for such results, but we believe that they might be mainly attributed to
the fact that the most participants study at a private school with strict procedures
regarding paying and students are forced and inspired by their families or tutors
to struggle and force for the success regardless of their socio-economic status.
Moreover, the school administration struggles to treat all students equally which
is more probably recognized by the students. These results are even more
indicative when we compare them with our previous research on related topic.
Delić, Bećirović and Brdarević-Čeljo (2018) investigated gender differences in
second language acquisition difficulties and found out significant differences.
This is without doubt interesting for this research mainly because Bosnian
cultural identity, according to Bećirović (2012), is not gender-biased, and, on the
other hand, socio-economic status is an extremely important variable in this
community in general (Foco, 2002).
By the second null hypothesis we supposed that there was no statistically
significant difference in second language acquisition difficulties between
students with different GPA scores. We were interested in the students’ gradepoint average (GPA) because we believe GPA is important for many reasons.
GPA shows how hard-working a student is, how much he or she knows, and
what his or her strengths and weaknesses are. Students may find that improving
their study skills can have a positive effect on their overall academic
performance. The findings indicated the existence of a significant difference
based on GPA groups and the null hypothesis was rejected. The research of
Rizvić and Bećirović (2017) also showed that GPA had a significant influence on
willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language in the BosnianHerzegovinian EFL context. Besides the refutation of the null hypothesis, we
were also surprised by the group that had the highest mean. Among five different
groups based on GPA the highest mean had the group 4.5-5.0, that is the students
60
�The influence of Grade point Average and Socioeconomic Status on Learning Strategies
Haris Delić & Senad Bećirović
with best grades and achievements. Here we also anticipated that lower
achievement groups would have the highest mean but that was not the case. The
results showed that the group with the lowest mean is the GPA group 3.0-3.5
group. What is indicative here is that the students from the group that had the
highest mean, i.e. the group 4.5-5.0, comprised more than half of the total number
of sampled students, exactly 56.8 %. This means that more than half of the
students had some implications in terms of some of the categories that had been
examined.
By the third hypothesis we predicted that there was no statistically
significant difference in language learning strategies based on the students’ GPA.
According to the results, GPA had a significant influence on learning strategies.
However, Bećirović, Brdarević-Čeljo and Dubravac (2018) found that GPA had
an insignificant influence on reading strategies and Bećirović, Brdarević-Čeljo,
and Sinanović (2017) found that grade level and gender had a significant
influence on metacognitive reading strategies. The research conducted by middle
school participants showed that grade level and social context had a significant
effect on learning strategies while gender did not (Brdarević-Čeljo & Asotić,
2017).
Many researchers suggest that educators need to take into consideration
the needs and background of each learner in order to be able to employ
methodologies that guide students in using strategies which enhance their L2
learning process (Montano, 2017). Learning strategies are not always feasible to
promote L2 proficiency in advance students; these can be rather used by students
with a lower level of language proficiency (Oxford, 2003). As we discussed in the
review of literature, and as the definitions of individual strategies state, each
students adopt and create his/her specific way of learning. In the case of this
research we did not have any significant correlations between individual
strategies. There can be a possibility that our sample students did not actually
have much differentiated strategies or that, due to experience of having much
time spent together, they adopted similar learning strategies which did not differ
significantly. Each student has a certain degree in which he or she organizes and
follows his own way of learning. As presented in Table 5 individual strategies
had the highest mean (M = 3.04) which indicates that those strategies that each
individual adopts for him/herself are mainly used to overcome implications in
learning.
It is helpful for each individual to reveal which strategies work best for
them so the teacher or the facilitator can organize a lesson with the most
dominant strategies. There are supported arguments that some strategies work
better than others for learners but there can always be exceptions that teachers
need to be aware of. To do this all must be included, that is students, teachers,
and educational institutions. Educators should explain useful learning strategies
to students, raise their awareness of the importance of effective strategy usage,
61
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
and what is the most important, the purpose of an appropriate strategy for them.
What can also be implemented is that teachers first identify already used
strategies and those that can be added then try to incorporate them in the learning
process later. In that was, a learner with strategy-adopted way of learning would
become an autonomous and independent learner.
Lecturers should emphasize skills such as analyzing and evaluating
content, using typographical features, summarizing text and using reference
materials. Typically, lecturers should analyze the strategies they teach, and find
out in which contexts these strategies should be applied. They should also
provide students with opportunities to practice these strategies. According to
Mokhtari and Sheorey (2002), teachers and mentors can use a combination of
direct and indirect strategy training.
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Haris Delić & Senad Bećirović
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64
�
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The influence of Grade point Average and Socioeconomic Status on Learning Strategies
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Abstract: A variety of different factors seem to have an influence on both second language learning difficulties as well as learning strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different socio-economic status and grade point average on learning strategies and learning difficulties in second language acquisition (SLA) process. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather data, i.e. a survey method was applied. The research sample included 206 high school participants. The results showed that a socioeconomic status did not have a significant influence on the students’ second language acquisition difficulties. However, the students’ grade point average significantly affected second language acquisition difficulties and also language learning strategies. The results of this study may help instructors to tailor instructions and content to students’ needs and their preferable styles of learning. Taking into consideration students’ learning difficulties and learning strategies in designing and implementing classes may significantly improve teaching and learning outcomes.
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Haris Delić
Senad Bećirović
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2)
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International Burch University
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Winter 2018
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ISSN 2566-4638
DOI 10.14706/JEH2018123
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Keywords: learning strategies, learning difficulties, socio-economic status, GPA level, second language acquisition.
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2), pp. 89-98, Winter 2018
Short report
ISSN 2566-4638
© International Burch University
http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/jeh2018125
An Analysis of Gender Differences in the use
of Swear Words on Facebook
Melika Muhanović
Nejla Babić
Esma Latić, MA
International Burch University
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
melika.muhanovic@stu.ibu.edu.ba
nejla.babic@stu.ibu.edu.ba
esma.latic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract: The question of gender differences in language use has
been repeatedly explored and claims about these distinctions that
were once considered invariable have been questioned and refuted.
One of the less explored areas within this issue, however, is the
phenomenon of swearing. This paper aimed to explore how and why
men and women swear on one of the most popular social media sites,
Facebook, and how the context in which such utterances are
produced modulates their frequency and form. The study found that
both men and women are more likely to swear when commenting on
the content produced by the same gender and also when surrounded
by other males and females, respectively. Furthermore, the research
confirmed some previous studies in which men were found to swear
more out of aggressiveness, while women do so to exaggerate their
words.
Keywords: gender,
differences, taboo language,
swear words, social media
Article History
Submitted: 15 January 2019
Accepted: 3 February 2019
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
1. INTRODUCTION
Research into language use in social media websites has shown it to reinforce and
reproduce the gender dichotomy and gender roles of the offline world (Miller et
al., 2016). In other words, the gender, here understood as a sociocultural category
constructed through social upbringing and nurturing (Beauvoir, 1949;
Haslanger, 1995; Millett, 1971) that one projects in the real world is likely to
mirror the one projected on social media. Furthermore, taking into consideration
that individuals form their identities, and thus different parts of it, including
gender, by continually exploring and embodying different selves (Waterman,
1999), it is natural for individuals to find social media a suitable place for such an
endeavour (Manago, Graham, Greenfield, & Salimkhan, 2008).
This paper focuses on the use of taboo language as one of the features through
which this formation of gender identity is realized. More specifically, it explores
whether and how men and women differ in their use of taboo language on one
of the most popular social media sites, Facebook, and what kind of image they
desire to portray about themselves while using the language. Moreover, it
attempts to clarify the question of whether certain patterns of behaviour or use
of this kind of language might be gendered, i.e. attributed to one of the genders.
Furthermore, the study looks at how the environment allows and encourages
different types of behaviour as well as how some specific web pages reinforce the
expressive language.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Taboo language has been broadly defined as the category of expressions socially
prohibited or evaded due to their, more or less severe, psychological harm that
may affect the society’s members (Jay, 2009; Wardhaugh, 2010). The vagueness
of this phenomenon makes its categorization quite difficult, but Jay (2009)
suggests they can be classified into “sexual references; those that are considered
blasphemous; scatological references and disgusting objects; animal names;
ethnic-racial-gender slurs; insulting references to perceived psychological,
physical, or social deviations; ancestral allusions; substandard vulgar terms; and
offensive slang” (p. 154). Gauthier (2012) suggests that profanity is “bad
language” that provokes many tensions and debates, similarly to slang, jargon,
misuse, new forms etc. (p. 8). He further notes that bad language refers to linguistic
performances deemed unacceptable by a majority due to their lack of conformity
to the traditional linguistic rules of the culture in which they are uttered
(Gauthier, 2012). Furthermore, Fägersten (2012) proposes that swearing refers to
the use of words which have the potential to be offensive, inappropriate,
objectionable, or unacceptable in any given social context. She adds that not every
use of a swear word is an instance of swearing, nor has the definition of swearing
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�An Analysis of Gender Differences in the use of Swear Words on Facebook
Melika Muhanović, Nejla Babić & Esma Latić
traditionally been restricted to the use of a particular subset of words, which
implies that what is considered a swear word is quite subjective (Fägersten, 2012).
Being stereotypically portrayed as “leaders, as dominant, aggressive,
independent, objective, and competitive”, and juxtaposed with women, being
“emotional, subjective, tactful, aware of the feelings of others, and as having their
feelings easily hurt” (Aries, 1996, p. 164), it comes as no surprise that males, as is
the case with many other linguistic forms demonstrating assertiveness, have
often been associated with the use of swearing (Coates, 2013; Latić & BrdarevićČeljo, 2018). Although the accounts of real language use have shown that taboo
language usage is found to be prevalent both among men (Coates, 2003; Gomm,
1981; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003) and women (De Klerk, 1992; Eckert &
McConnell-Ginet, 2003; Uhlman, 2015), the inclination to use strong swear words
has been found among males mostly (Bailey & Timm, 1976; McEnery, 2005; Mehl
& Pennebaker, 2003). One of the explanations for this phenomenon states that, in
our ancestral communities, women probably adopted the so-called “tend-andbefriend” reaction, i.e. a less aggressive response to stress and danger (Lee &
Harley, 2012; Taylor et al., 2006), since the costs of aggressive behaviour,
involving the actions of fighting or fleeing, was often higher than its benefits, as
the mother’s presence was more essential to the progeny’s survival than the
father’s (Campbell, 1999). Consequently, as some studies of brain biology have
shown (Gur et al., 2000; Jordan et al., 2002), these differences in the roles of men
and women affected our brain development, causing the female brain to have a
larger orbital frontal cortex that regulate amygdala-generated anger. The
linguistic consequence of this phenomenon is thus reflected in the overall
inclination of males to use taboo language more than females (Guvendir, 2015).
In the context of social networking, commenting on threads online, as a form
of social interaction, is a type of identity and hence gender performance
(Marwick & Boyd, 2011; Thelwall, 2008). Studies on gender differences in online
behaviour have shown that individuals tend to emphasize different aspects of
their identity through varied linguistic behaviour (Nguyen et al., 2014), including
the use of stereotypically feminine (e.g. a heart emoticon written as <3) or
masculine (e.g. taboo words) language. Moreover, a variety of studies have
researched online spaces including blogs (Mukherjee & Liu, 2010; Schler et al.,
2006), Twitter (Bamman et al., 2014; Bergsma and Van Durme, 2013), YouTube
(Filippova, 2012) and social network chats (Peersman et al., 2011) in search for
differences in linguistic behaviour of men and women, and found that the former
tend to use more links, numbers, technology words, etc., while the latter
generally use more first person pronouns, emoticon, words expressing emotions,
etc. (Bamman et al., 2014; Nguyen et al., 2013). In online spaces, although men
have been found to swear more on sites such as MySpace (Thelwall, 2008), the
difference that has been gaining more attention is the context as well as types of
swearing (Murray, 2012), since, as Hall (2003) suggests, linguistic studies on
gender should aim to “document the diverse range of women’s and men’s
91
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
linguistic repertoires as developed within particular contexts” (p. 375).
Furthermore, these virtual spaces, just as any other space for social interactions
in which people read contextual cues in order to understand what constitutes
appropriate behaviour (Boyd & Heer, 2006), set and encourage certain social
norms. This paper, therefore, aims to explore whether males and females on two
different Facebook pages differ in their frequency as well as type of swearing,
taking into account different contextual cues that might have encouraged such
behavior.
3. METHODOLOGY
The corpus of language data for this study was Facebook – a social website with
over one billion daily active users. As a source of linguistic data, it does not only
provide researchers with authentic language but also allows for inferences based
on the users’ publicly available information such as age, education, gender, etc.
In addition to that, the website contains interactive groups, i.e. Facebook pages,
gathering users with common interests, which enables researchers to collect data
from highly specific communities and thus infer more contextualized and reliable
conclusions. In order to analyse data from demographically, socially, and
psychologically varied language users, the data in this study was collected from
five different public Facebook pages, all of which are considered popular, with
millions of followers and hundreds of comments on every post: YouTube, 9gag,
and the official pages of Nicky Minaj, Eminem, and Miley Cyrus. The pages
receive comments that are mostly in English and this paper analysed only what
is considered taboo in the English language.
The total number of language users whose data was analysed is 50. The
manner in which the data was gather is by searching through the comments of
the most recent posts on these five pages and selecting only those containing
taboo language. Further, the comments were categorized based on the users’
gender and the page the comments were found on. In addition to that, the swear
words were categorized according to their purpose into those used humorously,
for exaggeration, assertively/aggressively, and for disrespecting/insulting.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As is shown in Table 1, with 29 comments containing taboo words, males
produced swear words more frequently than females (n=21), outnumbering
them in three out of five pages. More specifically, on 9gag’s and YouTube’s
Facebook pages, respectively six and nine out of ten comments observed were
written by a male. When it comes to Nicki Minaj’s as well as Miley Cyrus’ official
Facebook pages, more comments containing taboo language were written by
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�An Analysis of Gender Differences in the use of Swear Words on Facebook
Melika Muhanović, Nejla Babić & Esma Latić
females. Finally posts on Eminem’s page had seven swearing comments written
by males and only three written by females.
Table 1: Frequency of Comments Containing Swear Words
9gag
YouTube
Nicki Minaj
Miley Cyrus
Eminem
Total
Male
6
9
4
3
7
29
Female
4
1
6
7
3
21
Interpreting these distinctions, certain patterns may be discriminated.
First of all, the pages with more swear words used by females were the ones of
female celebrities – Nicki Minaj and Miley Cyrus. Although they contain roughly
equal number of female and male users’ comments, it seems that females here
feel more encouraged to use swear words. Another important thing to note is that
the swear words used by females on these posts were of the descriptive nature,
i.e. they were mostly used to enhance their compliments or exaggerate their
current feelings. On the other hand, men used swear words mostly to objectify
or insult these female celebrities, and their usage of taboo words increased when
commenting on pictures of a provocative nature. Furthermore, following the
same pattern of using taboo language when commenting on the content
produced by the same gender, more male fans (n=7) employed swear words on
Eminem’s Facebook page.
Based on these findings, it seems reasonable to infer that the use of taboo
language is influenced and encouraged by the context. Both females and males
used more swear words on pages of female and male celebrities, respectively,
implying thus that males, as well as females, seem to generally feel bolder and
more encouraged to use such words when writing comments about the same
gender. In addition to that, taking into consideration that these pages usually
attract either men or women, depending on the gender of the celebrity, it seems
that both males and females find it safer to use taboo language in interaction with
the same gender, while the opposite might lead to their losing of face. These
findings are in line with Uhlman (2015), who found that 75% of participants
believed to be more conscious of swearing when surrounded by the opposite
gender as well as the study by Jay and Janschewitz (2008), where men were found
to use swear words more often in company of other men.
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Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
Table 2 - Frequency of comments containing swear words classified according to
their purpose
Gender
Humorously
Exaggeration
Anger/Assertiveness Disrespect/Insult
Male
5
7
10
5
Female
5
13
3
2
In terms of the purpose of their swearing, as the data in Table 2 shows, male
and female users used swear words equally for the purpose of being humorous,
while women used them more than men for the purpose of exaggeration. On the
other hand, males were found to swear more when angry or when trying to be
assertive, as well when they are being disrespectful or insulting someone.
Therefore, it seems that the results obtained by this study support previous
research that have found men to be more likely to swear out of anger and
frustration (Bird & Harris, 1990; Jay, 1996; McEnery, 2005; Mehl & Pennebaker,
2003).
5. CONCLUSION
The study found that both men and women use swear words when commenting
on social media, but with slight variations influenced by different factors,
including the context in which the utterances are produced, the type of
interaction being either single or mixed-gender one, and the purpose of the act of
swearing itself. More specifically, men were found to swear on the site where the
male community is larger, while women were found to do so on the website of a
female celebrity, arguably attracting more female users. Furthermore, both men
and women were more likely to use swear words when commenting on the sites
of same-gender celebrities. Finally, the results have shown that men utter swear
words mostly to express aggressiveness and assertiveness, while women do so
to exaggerate their comments.
In general, what may be inferred from this study is that swearing, be it
online or offline, is a highly complex linguistic phenomenon that cannot be
simplified through a mere calculation of its frequency of appearance in one’s
language without taking into account a variety of other factors that cause,
influence, and shape their use by individuals across different demographical,
social and psychological categories.
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Melika Muhanović, Nejla Babić & Esma Latić
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An Analysis of Gender Differences in the use of Swear Words on Facebook
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Abstract: The question of gender differences in language use has been repeatedly explored and claims about these distinctions that were once considered invariable have been questioned and refuted. One of the less explored areas within this issue, however, is the phenomenon of swearing. This paper aimed to explore how and why men and women swear on one of the most popular social media sites, Facebook, and how the context in which such utterances are produced modulates their frequency and form. The study found that both men and women are more likely to swear when commenting on the content produced by the same gender and also when surrounded by other males and females, respectively. Furthermore, the research confirmed some previous studies in which men were found to swear more out of aggressiveness, while women do so to exaggerate their words.
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Melika Muhanović
Nejla Babić
Esma Latić
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2)
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International Burch University
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Winter 2018
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ISSN 2566-4638
DOI 10.14706/JEH2018125
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Keywords: gender, differences, taboo language, swear words, social media
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2), pp. 126-142, Winter 2018
Professional paper
ISSN 2566-4638
© International Burch University
http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/jeh2018124
Translation and Translators in Romani
Context
Professional paper
Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
Council of Europe - Committee of Experts for the European Charter for
Regional or Minority Languages
France
hedina.sijercic570@gmail.com
Abstract: Since the area presenting former Yugoslavia has no
mandatory Romani langauge classes and consequently no offically
recognized translation classes, nor does it provide training for
Romani translators, this paper deals with the experience and the
current situation of Romani translation and translators. Theoretical
background of Polysystems, Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS),
Skopos and non-systems oriented ‘Cluster concept’ provide support
for a better approach to translation in the Romani context. ‘Cluster
concept’ allows the possibility to create a definition of Translation
Romani as a new approach to Translation Studies. As translation
represents one of the ways to preserve and develop linguistic vitality
in the minority languages, reassuring its speakers, activating the
creation of new vocabulary, and strengthening domains of language
use that are under-used, it also applies as a way for creating
translation strategies for teaching Translation Romani. This
research is grounded in personal experience, and presents the
beginning of the research on Translation Romani (TR).
Keywords: translation,
Romani language, Roma,
Romani translator, Romani
translation, training
Article History
Submitted: 18 Decemeber 2018
Accepted: 30 January 2019
�Translation and Translators in Romani Context
Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
1. INTRODUCTION
Romani language/čhib1 is the common language of Roma, Sinti, Kale and other
European groups pejoratively known as “gypsies“. It “is the only new IndoAryan language spoken exclusively outside of the Indian subcontinent (Zatreanu
& Halwachs 2013, p. 3)” by about 10-15 million Roma throughout the world, and
“comprised of almost 80 dialects”2 of the Romani language. As stated by
Halwachs, Klinge and Schrammel (2013) Romani “may be described as a
heterogenous cluster of varieties with a homogeneous core – a common
morphology and a common lexicon- but without any generally accepted
homogenizing standard“ ( p. 5).
Even though the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
has been signed by eight (8) countries3 and ratified by twenty five (25) countries4,
fifteen (15)5 “have officially recognised Romani as a minority language
traditionally present on their territory” (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018, p. 36), the
development of Romani čhib is given an inadequate opportunity.6 In the
situation where discrimination and racism against Roma and Romani exist in
their visible and invisible forms, the speakers’ identity and the identity of the
language disappear. Such a situation, according to Hughes (2013), warrants
“intervention from governments to protect Romani language, as it is considered
an important, but vulnerable facet of the Roma peoples identity” (p. 19).
It is obvious that, as stated by Pym “political dimension [is] involved [in
the languages], especially in situations where translation policies are associated
with the defence and development of minority languages“ (2002, p. 4). A political
dimension is also present in the situation of the Romani language, and
consequently in Translation Romani. There are, unfortunately, no educational
programs where both the Romani language and Translation Romani are
1
Denomination of Romani language in Romani is Romani čhib. In further text will be used as Romani.
2
Translation Romani. See: http://www.translationromani.net/en/romani/language
Azerbaijan, France, Iceland, Italy, Malta,Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, The former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
3
4
See: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/signatures)
As Part II language signed by Austria, Finland, Germany, Norway, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden,
Slovenia, and as Part III language signed by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and Germany in Hesse.
5
”This is the highest number of ratifications for a single language under the Charter and it reflects, among
others, the status of Romani as a European language.” Statement adopted by the Committee of Experts of
the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) on 5 November 2015 on the occasion
of the International Romani Laguage Day.” (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018, p. 36).
6
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mandatory, and there are no trained Romani translators nor interpreters. 7 The
Romani language is a complex linguistic issue of translation process in Romani
context.
Until the twentieth century, the Romani was a spoken language only and
even today, as stated by Tahirović-Sijerčić,
[d]ominant ideology and culture erroneously understand Romani as an oral
language and not as written, and Romani literature as a folk literature with no
focus on contemporary creation. However, international Romani authors do, in
fact, write in Romani and publish in its different dialects, and the written
language is used in Romani networks, email, and chatrooms. (2017, p. 14)
At the present time, Romani as a mandatory subject is only taught within
Romistika in the frame of graduate studies at the Department of Indology and
Far Eastern Studies, Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb. In a frame of elective
courses, Romani is taught at the College of Professional Studies for Educators
“Michael Palov“ in Vršac, and at the Faculty of Philology in Belgrade. Romani is
taught occasionally through short training courses, thanks to the small grants and
educational projects, within the Romani and non-Romani NGO circles. These
organizations are dealing with different issues in the areas of language, politics,
economics, history etc. for and about Roma. The main issues of such education
are not only Romani čhib and majority8 official language/s, but also Romani
culture and majority culture/s of the countries where the Roma live.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Within his theoretical framework of polysystems, Even-Zohar, cited in Pym (2010, 72),
sees translation playing an innovative role when: “(a) a polysystem has not yet been
crystallized, that is to say, when a literature is ‘young,’ in the process of being established;
(b) a literature is either ‘peripheral’ (within a large group of correlated literatures) or
‘weak,’ or both; and (c) there are turning points, crises, or literary vacuums in a literature”
(Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018, p. 10).
7
There is an individual initiative since 2016. Translator is not a professional translator, and does not have
any translation training but has translation experience. „Romany Interpreting and Translations (RIT) is
registered trademark and sole trading business based in Manchester, UK.
https://www.romanyinterpretingandtranslations.com/resume
The “majority society language” refers to dominant and powerful society and language which is in
contact with Roma as minority people or ethnic groups, and with Romani as minority language.
8
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�Translation and Translators in Romani Context
Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
It accounts for bilingual and multilingual communities.
The literature of Roma and written by Roma is ‘young’, ‘peripheral’ and
‘weak’. As already stated, it started first to be published in the 20th century, and
its invisibility has been reflected by the history of Roma (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018,
p. 10), and their historical and current socio-economic situation.
In their difficult socio-economic situation Romani translators were
engaged because of different project needs related to human rights issues. On
that way, translation in Romani has been seen only as the need for “the ‘aim’ or
‘purpose’ (‘skopos’)9 that guides the production of a translation. According to
this perspective, it is the target culture which “defines [a translation’s] adequacy”
(Vermeer in Venuti, 2000, p. 222)” (Tahirović-Sijerčić 2018, p. 16).
It means that source text, depending of goals or purposes, could have
many different translations, also with possibility that the source text does not
meet meaning of the context in the target language and the source text is
destabilized, and does not have its function in the target culture.
The Skopos rule thus reads as follows: translate/interpret/speak/write in a way
that enables your text/translation to function in the situation in which it is used
and with the people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to
function (Pym, 2010, p. 45), (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018, p. 16).
Within the Romani translation using the concept of Skopos theory, there
are, also, the other problems such as: directionality of languages (majority –
Romani or Romani – majority); contact language effect including existence of
loanwords and neologisms in Romani; Romani readers and their different
dialects; acceptance of translation; and fulfillment of the needs (TahirovićSijerčić, 2018, p. 17).
It is important to state that a need for, and interest in, Romani translators
and interpreters was awakened during the Decade of Roma Inclusion 20052015.10 The funding provided for the projects of different institutions also covered
activities to bring Romani language to the forefront and thus to become more
visible. The issues that have been most translated are in the domain of human
rights and law, with special emphasis on housing, health, employment, and
education for Roma.
Diverse institutional and NGO reports on law and human rights have been
translated into Romani and have spawned many types of translation. Translation
9
“Skopos theory” is a concept of translation studies from the 1980s.
10
The Decade of Roma Inclusion (2005-2015) was an initiative of 12 European countries (Albania,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia and Spain), to improve the socio-economic status and social inclusion of the Romani
people across the region. An observer status had Slovenia and United States.
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and interpretation for different cultural events are also widespread, and found in
the form of flyers, guidelines and advertisements. Almost all of the official
Decade of Roma Inclusion conferences used Romani interpreters.
When looking for a Romani translator or interpreter, the institutions and
non-Romani NGOs mostly have recourse to certain individuals within certain
Romani NGOs. Once eligible for these institutions and NGOs, the
translator/interpreter, after gaining his/her first job, the translator/interpreter is
engaged with clients and is always called for the next engagement. Clients are
not aware of the specific challenges that inadequate translation and/or their
choice of translator/interpreter can cause.
In order to make readers aware of problems “of identity politics, to
experiences shrouded in silence, and to forms of representation that deepen our
to empathize with people who are different from us (Ellis & Bochner, 2000)“
(Ellis, Adams & Bochner, 2011, par. 3), it is important that client institutions and
NGOs as clients have translators/interpreters who identify themselves as
Romani, and as the speakers of the Romani language. These are the only criteria.
Of no interest to clients are the quality of the translator’s educational background;
the dialect/s he/she uses; the levels of his/her Romani as the target language,
the majority language as the source language; the quality of her/his
translation/interpretation; or the knowledge of cultural differences. Above all,
the cheapest price for translation would be appreciated. With Romani identity
and work being done at the cheapest rates possible, the client’s expectations are
fulfilled.
In such situations, clients and translators could experience problems with
the final product – the translation into Romani čhib. According to Rosemary
Mackenzie, it is not just because they “ [h]a[v]e insufficient information about the
situation or about the subject matter in hand“ (1998, p. 202), but also because they
are “ in the game“ and they have an opinion to hold a monopoly over translation
for NGOs and institutions (Mackenzie, 1998, p. 202). These translators would not
generally or readily confess that they do not know the grammar of the language
pair they translate. In fact, they will do the ‘work’ despite its bad quality and
despite a low understanding of the source text.
In fact, not just the Romani language but also its translation suffers from a
cultural, economic, political and educational pressure of the majority languages
in which they have been in contact. This unequal relationship of power between
minority and majority languages, their linguistic and cultural differences led me
to the postcolonial approach where question on power hierarchy came to
attention.
Since there is no translation theory nor approach that could be used to all
translations, Tymoczko’s ‘cluster concept’ as the most acceptable concept,
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�Translation and Translators in Romani Context
Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
especially in the context of Translation Romani makes and “allow[s] for selfdefinition of translation by all cultures thus far been dominated by Western
logocentrism (2007, 2010, 2014, p. 105) ” (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018, p. 22).
This approach provides a space for creation and self-definition of Translation
Romani.
3. TRANSLATION ROMANI AND ROMANI TRANSLATORS – DEFINITION
Romani, as a minority language,11 has been constantly influenced by neologisms
and loanwords and creates an obstacle for communication between various
groups of Roma, as does the different use of writing style and script, likewise a
difficulty for translation. This situation of complex linguistic and cultural
differences leads to the importance of translation in Romani context, i.e.
Translation Romani.
Translation Romani as a new approach to Translation Studies, is
translation in and from the Romani language involving different dialect groups,
cultures, customs, religions, different geographical areas and nationality
languages where Roma live. In other words, Translation Romani is a cluster of
translation produced by Romani translators in diverse domains in and from
different Romani dialects, which preserve and still live in different Romani and
non-Romani cultures.
Following this definition, the Romani translator is any individual who has
been educated about both cultures and both languages, and has a very good
language knowledge in TL and SL, i.e. a majority language and Romani
language.
Romani translators, despite their bilingualism and multilingualism, have
different levels of knowledge of national language/s and of Romani, which also
creates difficulties in Translation Romani. The biggest problem is insufficient and
incomplete translators’ education in national language/s and their national
culture/s colored with particularities in expressions.
In the domain of literary translation, Translation Romani is produced mostly by
Romani poets who are self-translators.12 Without institutional support or access
According to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages “regional or minority languages
means languages that are: (i) traditionally used within a given territory of a State by nationals of that State
who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the State's population; and (ii) different from the
official language(s) of that State; it does not include either dialects of the official language(s) of the State
or the languages of migrants;“ Retrieved from https://rm.coe.int/168007bf4b
11
12
My PhD dissertation which seeks -through the optic of translation studies - to address some preliminary
questions with regard to Romani literature and self-translation. My readings of Romani poetry, in particular,
have led me to make some initial observations worthy of analysis: poems are written bilingual and
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to mainstream publishers, these poets and writers publish their own work
through their Romani NGOs.
The situation of translation and interpretation is in an unrivaled position
for both minority and majority languages, especially in the countries of Western
Balkans, having in mind that
[t]here are no translator training institutions as such in BiH. Most people who engage in
translation/interpreting hold a degree in modern languages and many do
translation/interpreting part time. Companies which offer translation or interpreting
services are very rarely found in BiH. The only professional association of
translators/interpreters in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Association of Translators of
BiH (Udruženje prevodilaca Bosne i Hercegovine). (Jurida & Pavlović, 2016, p. 73)
In the case of Romani, both, the language and translation education is lacking,
and only a small percentage of Roma are fluent and literate in Romani.
Educational institutions that are responsible for supporting Romani programs,
and Romani language programs in particular, face difficulties in teaching
Romani and consequently in teaching Translation Romani.
4. ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES FOR CLIENTS, ORGANIZATIONS, NGOS
As an illustration of the problems in Translation Romani, we will briefly analyze
an excerpt of the Akcioni plan Bosne i Hercegovine za rješavanje problema Roma u
oblasti zapošljavanja, stambenog zbrinjavanja i zdravstvene zaštite [Аkcijako plаno
Bоsnе thaj Hеrcеgоvinе pala pandime e romenge problemura ande оblаst bućaripe ćherako
zbrinime thaj sastimake zаštita/Action plan of Bosnia and Herzegovina for addressing
Roma Issues in the field of employment housing and health care] which was published
by the Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2009.
The publication is written in Bosnian as the source language and translated into
Romani as the target language by a Romani translator. The translation in English
is made by a professional English translator.
multilingual – in Romani and majority language/s; poems are self-translated by their writers; all versions
of the poem are complementing each other; versions of the poem are read ‘together’, “stereoscopically”, in
the sense that textual meaning is obtained through a reading of one in relation to another – bilingually or
multilingually.
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�Translation and Translators in Romani Context
Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
Table 1. Translation Romani in 2009.
BOSNIAN
Akcioni plan Bosne i
Hercegovine za rješavanje
problema Roma u oblasti
zapošljavanja, stambenog
zbrinjavanja i zdravstvene
zaštite (title page)
ROMANI
Аkcijako plаno Bоsnе thaj
Hеrcеgоvinе pala
pandime e romenge
problemura ande оblаst
bućaripe
ćherako zbrinime thaj
sastimake zаštita (2009, 72)
ENGLISH
Action plan of Bosnia and
Herzegovina for addressing
Roma
issues in the field of
employment
housing and
health care (2009, 133)
Zаključаk
(...) Оčеkivаni rеzultаti u
plаnu pоstižu se krоz јаsnо
dеfinirаnе mјеrе Аkciоnоg
plаnа kоје оbuhvаtајu niz
аktivnоsti kоје trеbа
poduzеti i kоје mоrајu imаti
u vidu
i uzеti u оbzir pоstојеćе
stimulаtivnе mјеrе i
аktivnоsti u оblаsti
zаpоšljаvаnjа
kоје su dаlе оdrеđеnе
rеzultаtе. (2009, 47)
Zаključko
(...) Оčеkuvime rezultatura
an planpostignin pe krezo
jasno definišime mjere
Akcionone
planoha save obuhvatin nizo
aktivnosturengo save trubuj
te poduzmin pe i
save mora te aven an uvid i
te lol an obzir već postojime
stimulativni mjere te
aktivnostura
an oblastura
zapošljavanjeko save dje
određeni rezultatura. (2009,
112)
Conclusion
(...) The results anticipated
by the Plan are achieved
through the clearly defined
measures
of the Action Plan that
include a series of activities
which need to be undertaken
and which must also take
into account the already
existing incentives
and activities in the area of
employment, which have
already produced certain
results. (2009, 171)
Example 1. *The words in bold in the Bosnian source text have influenced the
Romani target text.
As stated by Munday, Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation strategy is the
“orientation of the translator […]” and procedures are specific techniques or
methods which are used “by a translator at a certain point in a text” (2012, p. 57),
on the basis of the appropriate translation procedure chosen by the translator
(Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018, p. 93).
In this example, even though unconsciously, the Romani translator uses
word for word translation procedure. Translator does not pay attention to the
style of the text, but to the grammar and idioms keeping the meaning in the target
language. This procedure is “the most common procedure when translating
between two languages of the same family [...], and even more so when they also
share the same culture (Vinay & Darbelnet 2000, p. 86)” (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018,
p. 96). It is the fact that Romani and Bosnian are not of the same language family,
but Romani uses Bosnian grammar, orthography and morphology. Contact effect
language, loanwords and neologisms, provide characteristic of Romani,
hybridity and mimicry.
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Romani čhib, such as other minority languages, is constantly under the
pressure from dominant, majority languages, and therefore it can very easily, as
Cronin stated, “become mirror-image of the dominant language“ (1998, p. 147),
which is obvious in this example.
In the example of the Romani translation provided, several problems are
identified:
1. Translators seem to be very heavily influenced by the source text.
2. Compatibility between Bosnian / Serbian / Croatian / Montenegrin /
Macedonian and Romani is more than obvious.
3. Neologisms and loanwords dominate in the Romani translation.
4. Translators do not have enough knowledge about Romani language
grammar, about dialects and their differences. Their knowledge depends
on the second language grammar level which they learn in schools as a
mandatory subject.
5. The translator does not pay attention to punctuation or proper use of
uppercase letters. There is no uniformed textual use of the nouns Rom,
Roma, and adjective Romani/o/e, even though these nouns and
adjectives in the source text are correct.
6. Translators do not use translation technologies or tools, and they are
mostly unaware of the existence of Romani dictionaries.
7. The degree of translators’ textual awareness or use of textual knowledge
is limited. This might be attributed to the following: a) the translator does
not understand the text i.e. the meaning in the source language; b) the
translator imports the words from the source language into the target
language because he/she is not aware of their existence in the target
Romani language; c) in importing the source language words, the
translator builds, creates and self-invents ‘new Romani words’ (clumsy
hybrids) adding to SL words Romani suffixes; and d) the translator is not
aware of the existence of Romani dictionaries and grammars.
8. The revision phase is not done.
As another example in Revidirani Akcioni Plan Bosne i Hercegovine za rješavanje
problema Roma u oblastima zapošljavanja, stambenog zbrinjavanja i zdravstvene
zaštite 2013-2016. godine published by Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees
Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2013, a translation shows how a Romani translator
produces Translation Romani when the translator is well educated, uses
language books, grammar and dictionaries, and has good knowledge in both,
the Bosnian and Romani language and culture.
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Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
Table 2. Translation Romani in 2013.
BOSNIAN
ROMANI
ENGLISH
Revidirani Akcioni Plan
Bosne i Hercegovine za
rješavanje problema Roma u
oblastima zapošljavanja,
stambenog
zbrinjavanja i zdravstvene
zaštite 2013-2016. godine
(title page)
Bosnako thaj
Hercegovinako
Revidirano Akciono
Plano pala ćhinavipe e
Romenge problemura
ande pašipende pala
bući, ćheresko ažutipe
thaj sastipesko
arakhipe 2013. - 2016.
(title page)
Revised Action Plan of
Bosnia and Herzegovina for
addressing Roma issues in
the field of employment,
housing
and healthcare 2013-2016
(title page)
Položaj pojedinaca i/ili ove
manjinske grupe udaljava
Rome od mogućnosti
obrazovanja i
zaposlenja, te smanjuju
njihovu mogućnost za
ostvarivanje prihoda, tako da
su mnogi od njih
isključeni i ne učestvuju u
društvenim mrežama ili
drugim aktivnostima u
zajednici. (1)
E peravneski situacija jal
situacija pala gova
nacionalno minoriteto ćerel
lungo drom e Romendar
koring edukacija, bući thaj
ćeren lengo bišajipe jal cikno
šajipe pala bućako poćinipe
jal bućako
therdipe, thaj pe gova drom
but katare lendar si ačhavne
thaj na den participacija
ande amalipeske
inzardende jal ande aver
aktivitetura ande amalipeste.
(1)
This position of individual
Roma and/or this minority
group alienates Roma in
terms of educational
and employment
opportunities and hence
restricts their ability to
generate revenue. It is for
this
reason that many members
of the Roma national
community are excluded and
do not participate in
social networks or other
community activities. (1)
Example 2. (neologisms and loanwords in bold)
In this translation, the Romani translator uses Vinay and Darbelnet’ (2000)
sense by sense translation procedure taking into consideration Romani grammar,
Romani dictionaries Romani writing, and Romani everyday communication.
In the final observation we would refer to Newmark who states that, “[i]n
communicative as in semantic translation, provided that equivalent effect is
secured, the literal word-for-word translation is not only the best, it is the only
valid method of translation” (1981, p. 39), and disagree in the case of Translation
Romani. Even though both examples are equivalent, the translation in Example
1 (one) does not work for revitalization activities: education of and in Romani13,
the development of written standards, vocabulary development, and learning
13
The Romani alphabet consists of 34-38 letters, two genders (feminine and masculine no middle genus),
two numbers (singular and plural), and eight cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative,
instrumental, locative, and ablative. Romani does not have infinitive (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018, p. 44).
The effect of contact language enabled the exchange, acquisition, adaptation and creation of a large
number of loanwords and neologisms from majority and other minority languages which influence
Romani in every country where Roma live.
135
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
materials to serve Romani translators’ training and Translation Romani. In both
examples, invisibility of translator/s is lacking.
Accordingly, as Venuti stated “linguistics remained a basic component in
the curricula of translator training programs” (2012, p. 391). As translation is one
of the ways to preserve and develop linguistic vitality in minority languages,1415
reassuring its speakers, activating the creation of new vocabulary, and
strengthening domains of language use that have remained under-used (Toury,
1985, p. 7), it applies also for the development of linguistic vitality in the case of
Romani (Tahirović-Sijerčić, 2018a), although at the same time, it could cause a
threat to its distinctiveness (Cronin, 1995, p. 89).
5. TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS
Taking into consideration the position of Romani as a minority language, as well
as general situation of Romani, Translation Romani and Romani Translators, the
models found in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Jurida & Pavlović, 2016, pp. 74-82),
Montenegro (Lakić & Pralas, 2016, pp. 98-109) or other models in the Western
Balkans or Europe would not be applicable in the Romani context. Therefore, it
is necessary to create a course which complements language, translation and
translators training.
Since each student has a different cultural, social and linguistic
background (different dialects, customs and religion), and in order to avoid the
common generalization about Roma, we should state that “[...] no individual is a
typical example of the culture within which they live [and keep] in mind that all
individuals are unique“ (Garant, 1997, p. 26). Therefore, the mean goal is to make
students aware about “Rromanipe(n) /Romanipe(n) [as] the common denominator
of [what] is considered or believed to make up the essential characteristics of [the
world] Roma/Rroma. [Romanipe(n) is] the feeling of belonging to the same
people, to the same history, culture, and habits despite the differences” [specific
to each group and their linguistic and cultural sub-groups] (Tahirović-Sijerčić,
2017, p. 18).
In order to get professional teachers of Romani and thus professional
translators, it is necessary to develop Translation Romani as a university
curriculum program to provide training for professional Romani Translators
specializing in certain domains. These courses should inspire students to speak
14
15
(European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, European Treaty Series - No. 148, Strasbourg,
5.XI.1992, pg. 1-2.
136
�Translation and Translators in Romani Context
Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
and cooperate in a group, to exchange, discuss and share their knowledge and
ideas of possible strategies employed for their work in translation. The course
would also help Roma and non-Roma students to eliminate anti-Roma prejudices
and stereotypes.
For example, we would suggest introducing an elective course for two
semesters Translation Romani within Romani Studies.16 The objective is to facilitate
student learning of relevant Romani linguistic and cultural traits and issues
(history, language, literature, migration, minority) through the concept of
cultural translation, using multi-modal content (text, image, audio-visual) in
Romani and other languages as examples for analysis and discussion. Through
lectures, reading assignments, discussions and practical exercises in small groups
students will learn about cultural translation in the unique context of the Romani
language and culture, with a special emphasis on the Romani identity.
Students will have opportunities to practice cultural translation in three
specific contexts: literary expression (poetry, short story); film; and advertising
and marketing. They will learn how language is used creatively in translation to
express Romani cultural identity and representation for reception in diverse
domains. The contents for this class would be presented at the introductory level,
and eventually at an intermediate level class with increased difficulty in reading
assignments and practical exercises. Oral presentations, discussion, individual
and collective textual analysis, manipulation of audio and video material with
subsequent analysis and demonstration would serve teaching methods and
would be used.
The basic themes for two semesters are: Introduction to Translation
Romani and Introduction to Romani Studies, Romani language and translation
history, Romani bilingualism and multilingualism within translation, and
Translational tools: Romani grammar and dictionaries, Special problems in
Romani translation, Translation Romani within Romani culture, Translating
Romani identity (self-perspective), and Self-translation in Romani context. Also,
included might be themes such as Terminology studies and Romani translation,
Translation Romani and Romani translators, Romani literary expression and
translation, Romani media and translation, Romani film and translation, and
Translation Romani and advertising/marketing.
Also, terminology classes are a necessity, and should include ongoing
exercises which deal with different types of interference and ‘false friends’. In
most translation, as well as in Romani translation, interference and interlanguage
forms are present and they are, as Toury stated, “likely to occur whenever one
language is used in some contact with another” (1978, p. 224). According to
Havlásková, “the seriousness of mistake caused by interference can be diverse-from
16
when possibility approved
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�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
“mistakes” which cause that the text is clumsy, but which preserve the meaning of the
original, to errors which completely change sense of the source text” (2010, p. 39).
Learning from one’s own errors and mistakes awakens ideas for creation
of terminology lists and glossaries, of use to all translators and interpreters in and
from Romani čhib. They could help in the creation of more uniform sets of words
missing or forgotten in Romani through their translation, and would provide
better understanding, communication, translation and interpretation.
In order to establish requirements and expectations for Romani translators
while being in training17 it is essential that theoretical discussions are promoted
in conjunction with a hands-on practice of translation (Pym, 2009, pp. 6-7).
6. CONCLUSION
It appears impossible to write about translation in the Romani context, about
creation of syllabuses of Translation Romani, along with training for translators,
without the knowledge of the Romani language, cultures and identities of Roma
and Romani translators.
This knowledge constitutes Translation Romani as a new approach to
Translation Studies. Translation Romani is a cluster of translations produced in
17
The translators should understand the text as readers better than even the author at the moment of writing;
they should investigate the problems they have while translating, and think about processes and the methods
which would be the most appropriate for this translation. Further, they should be aware of the language and
readership (source and target text) specificities, highlight the importance of the length of time devoted to
the translation of text, and consider the number of hours or days needed for quality translation. This may
include consultation with other translators about certain terminology problems in Romani. They may
require time for self-revision and revision by others, and think about realistically meeting the client’s
deadlines. They may need to think about the degree of their awareness or use of textual knowledge, and
reflect on the importance of self-confidence (advantages and disadvantages in the Romani case). In
addition, they must recognize the significance (and importance) of the text as a whole and what is the
interest of Translation Romani, and find the ways to develop Romani čhib and increase its value as a
language.
138
�Translation and Translators in Romani Context
Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
diverse domains in and from different Romani dialects, which preserve and still
live in different Romani and non-Romani cultures, done by Romani translators.
The biggest problem that faces Translation Romani is training of
professional teachers and trainers. A trainer of Romani must always have in mind
one important question: Which dialect/which Romani is the most correct and
most appropriate for the class teaching translation? When working with the
educational mediators in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the best way to approach
students is to establish good atmosphere, provide students with available
literature (different dictionaries, grammars, language text books etc.), and teach
them how to use these tools. After discussion about the accessibility of
educational and translational tools, students could work in groups to translate a
short text from Bosnian into Romani. In that way, both languages, of the source
and target text are taught. These classes should be mostly interactive and
practical, with translations discussed with students in detail so that
[i]ndividually and in groups students develop their own glossaries, learning the
basics of terminology and creating at the same time a solid basis for their future
activities in translation and interpreting. (Lakić & Pralas, 2016, p. 100)
The use of different Romani dialects could be of great challenges not just
for students but also for trainers who should have knowledge and experience to
explain the differences between them. Creating and building terminology must
be a challenge especially in case of Romani where terminology is lacking. A need
for the establishment of the program and designing curriculum, as the situation
imposes, should start “from the idea that the goal of the entire course was to meet
the needs“ (Lakić & Pralas, 2016, p. 115) of the speakers in the countries where
translation programs are supported and approved.
An important issue of translation, and especially of Translation Romani,
is intracultural and intercultural diversity along with cross-cultural knowledge
and skills that help development of communication skills (Yang, 2015, p. 249) and
provide people from “different cultural background an opportunity to observe
and analyse the differences, thus to understand them better and approach them
positively” (Yang, 2015, p. 250).
Finally, there is the problem of the evaluation/revision phase in translation.
How should revision be done, and who should provide a revision? Who should
validate Romani translation and validation, for certain translation choices? These
and many other questions should be a part of creating strategies for teaching
Translation Romani using “different Romani dialects to try to preserve [vitality]
of Romani čhib and its translation through intra-dialect exchange“ (TahirovićSijerčić, 2018, p. 87).
139
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
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Journal of Education and Humanities
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Translation and Translators in Romani Context
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Abstract: Since the area presenting former Yugoslavia has no mandatory Romani langauge classes and consequently no offically recognized translation classes, nor does it provide training for Romani translators, this paper deals with the experience and the current situation of Romani translation and translators. Theoretical background of Polysystems, Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), Skopos and non-systems oriented ‘Cluster concept’ provide support for a better approach to translation in the Romani context. ‘Cluster concept’ allows the possibility to create a definition of Translation Romani as a new approach to Translation Studies. As translation represents one of the ways to preserve and develop linguistic vitality in the minority languages, reassuring its speakers, activating the creation of new vocabulary, and strengthening domains of language use that are under-used, it also applies as a way for creating translation strategies for teaching Translation Romani. This research is grounded in personal experience, and presents the beginning of the research on Translation Romani (TR).
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Hedina Tahirović-Sijerčić
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Journal of Education and Humanities
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International Burch University
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Winter 2018
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Keywords: translation, Romani language, Roma, Romani translator, Romani translation, training
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ISSN 2566-4638
DOI 10.14706/JEH2018124
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https://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/a28fdff80e6952f2c659a9b519f015d8.pdf
cdaa1f74da38b5757140281f063195b7
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Text
Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2), pp. 99-109, Winter 2018
Pofessional paper
ISSN 2566-4638
© International Burch University
http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/jeh2018126
Deontologija učiteljskog poziva, Sokratova
zakletva ili Etički kodeks
Melisa Zukić, PhD
Srednjoškolski centar Hadžići
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
zukici@hotmail.com
Sažetak: Deontologija, znanost o dužnostima, učiteljskog poziva
upućuje na moralnu obavezu učitelja prema učenicima. Načelo
deontologije: „Age quod agis“ ili „Radi dobro ono što radiš“
obuhvata pravne propise, psihologiju komuniciranja, ponašanje i
etiku. Prevazilazeći pedagošku etiku kao odnos prema profesionalnim
obavezama, zajednici i kolegama, ona proučava prava i dužnosti
regulisane kodeksom profesije. Razlika između Benthamovog i
Kantovog pogleda na dužnosti je razlika između profesionalne zakletve
i etičkog kodeksa škole. Stoga, deontologija dužnostima polazi od
moralno i profesionalno zrele ličnosti koja se zaklinje na uspjeh, a
etički kodeks polazi od nepovjerljivog društva koje sumnja u
istoznačnost moralnih vrijednosti, profesionalca i društva.
Abstract: Deontology, the science of teaching professional duties refers to
the moral obligation of teachers towards students. The principle of ethics:
"Age quod agis" or "Do (well) what you're doing“involves legislation,
psychology of communication, behavior and ethics. Overcoming pedagogical
ethics as attitude towards professional obligations, community and
colleagues, it studies the rights and duties regulated by the code of the
profession. The difference between Bentham's and Kant's views about duties
is the difference between professional oath and school's code of ethics.
Therefore deontology consider duties as base of moral and professionally
mature person who swears to success, while code of ethics is based on a
mistrustful society that doubt in the identity of moral values, professionals
and society as well.
Key words: deontology, code of ethics, Socrates oath
Keywords: deontologija,
etički kodeks, Sokratova
zakletva
Article History
Submitted: 18 January 2019
Accepted: 4 February 2019
�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
1. INTRODUCTION
Svakodnevni rad učitelja je obilježen promicanjem dobra kao najznačajnijeg
društvenog potencijala. Sama ličnost učitelja, stoga, bi trebala biti takva da
prepoznaje vlastite dužnosti autentično, te ih posvećeno obavlja najbolje što
može „Age quod agis“. Vlastitim obrazovanjem učitelj bi se trebao i etički
usavršavati čiji vrhunac bi bio obilježen profesionalnom zakletvom. Sa druge
strane, kako bi se izbjegle moguće individualne različitosti u ličnosti i sistemu
vrijednosti učitelja kao profesionalaca, donose se profesionalni etički kodeksi koji
sistematiziraju postupke i ponašanja u akciji, na taj način otvarajući mogućnost
za samoprocjenu i eksternu procjenu kvalitete rada. U tom smislu tekst se osvrće
na teorijsko razumijevanje etike kao društvene nauke o moralu, njenog
normativno-znanstvenog aspekta kao i same deontologije sa namjerom
razumijevanja dužnosti učitelja da prenese dobro učeniku, dok istovremeno
nastoji da prevaziđe (često nametnutu) činovničku komponentu poziva.
2. ETIKA
Iako je etika, kao pojam, rasprostranjena u svakodnevnom govoru potreban je
izvjestan trud za njeno definiranje. Etika i moral imaju ista značenja koja potječu
iz grčkog jezika (ethos) i latinskog jezika (mos, mores i moralis) u značenju
navika, običaj, karakter, ćudoređe. Stoga, prema Čehok, Koprek i dr. (1996) etiku
možemo definirati i kao društvenu nauku o moralu koja proučava ciljeve i smisao
morala, kriterije za vrednovanje moralnih postupaka te izvor, zasnovanost,
razvitak i usavršavanje morala. Vukasović (1993) se u tom smislu oslanja na
samog osnivača etike Sokrata, koji je smatra vrlinom življenja u skladu sa
zahtjevima “unutarnjeg glasa”, na njegovog učenika Platona koji je ideju dobra
smatrao osnovnom moralnosti, te na Aristotela koji etiku predstavlja kao sistem
društvenog ponašanja. S obzirom da se definicije etike svode na lično uvjerenje
čovjeka – lični sistem vrijednosti u kojem se zna što je dobro, a šta je loše, šta je
ispravno, a šta je neispravno, naslućuju se tri temeljne implikacije etike koje
Radoš (2017) predstavlja kao:
1. individualnost etike - pojedinci imaju etiku, a ne organizacije
2. etičko ponašanje može varirati od osobe do osobe
3. relativnost (a ne apsolutnost) etike
U tom smislu Radoš (2017) smatra da se od same etike očekuje usavršavanje
kao zauzimanje stava prema postojećim moralnim sistemima. Etiku možemo
vrlo jednostavno klasificirati na principu koji je predstavio Vukasović (1993):
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�Deontologija učiteljskog poziva, Sokratova zakletva ili Etički kodeks
Melisa Zukić
1. Kada kao kriterij uzmemo cilj čovjekovog praktičnog djelovanja, etika se
dijeli na:
Eudaimonizam (eudaimonia- grč. sreća) – svrha i smisao moralnog
djelovanja je u postizanju sreće.
Hedonizam (hedone- grč. užitak) – najveća vrijednost i smisao života je u
trenutačnom pozitivnom tjelesnom užitku.
Utilitarizam (utilis- lat. koristan) – u prvi plan stavlja težnju za korisnošću.
2. Po kriteriju sadržaja i namjere svijesti, etika se dijeli na:
Etika dužnosti (deontološka etika) – Kant je predstavio samu dužnost kao
takvu, uzvišenom i veličanstvenom. Poštovanje dužnosti je moralni
imperativ, unutrašnja zapovjed našeg uma koja zahtjeva da načelo
prilikom postupanja bude tako postavljeno da ga mogu prihvatiti i druge
osobe, tj. da ono bude opće ljudsko načelo.
Etika odgovornosti – pojam odgovornosti se često svodi na pravnu i/ili
moralnu uračunljivost podrazumijevajući znanje, volju i slobodu kao
nužne elemente. Danas, ovaj pojam sve više zauzima mjesto koje je u etici
imala dužnost konkretizujući se profesionalnim etikama.
3. Po kriteriju porijekla moralne obaveze, etika se dijeli na:
Autonomnu etiku – izvor morala je u samom čovjeku.
Heteronomna etika – izvor morala je izvan čovjeka (npr. društvene norme,
autoritet i sl.)
4. Po kriteriju odnosa pojedinca i društva, etika se dijeli na:
Individualna etika – lično uvjerenje pojedinca o ispravnosti/neispravnosti
njegovog ponašanja.
Socijalna etika – se bavi socijalnim aspektom moralnih odnosa i moralnim
obavezama pojedinca prema zajednici i zajednice prema pojedincu.
5. Po kriteriju važenja etičkih zapovijesti, etika se dijeli na:
Etika suštine - suština tvori postojanu prirodu neke stvari.
Situacijska etika - tvrdi da je moralnost nekog čina određena konkretnim
kontekstom.
6. Po kriteriju sadržaja pravila djelovanja, etika se dijeli na:
(Formalna) Etika dužnosti – može se poistovjetiti sa radnom etikom kao
skupom stavova i ponašanja utemeljenih na vrijednostima rada.
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(Materijalna) Etika vrijednosti– Shvatajući vrijednosti kao javna dobra u
sferama morala, religije, umjetnosti i tehnike koja podrazumijevaju
opstanak društvene zajednice.
7. Po kriteriju utemeljenja moralnog zahtjeva, etika se dijeli na:
Normativna etika – postavlja pitanja ispravnosti i opravdanosti postojećih
moralnih shvaćanja i odnosa zuzimajući kritički stav prema postojećim
oblicima istovremeno postavljajući i formulirajući određene kriterije
pravilnog moralnog prosuđivanja i djelovanja. Ovakva etika se pita:
„Kakav bi to moral trebao biti da čovjek (pojedinac) kao i društvo ispune
svoju ulogu?“
Deskriptivna (empirijska) etika –ima empirijsko eksplikativni
(deskriptivni) zadatak sastavljen od proučavanja i opisivanja moralnih
odnosa i moralnih shvaćanja koji su se pojavljivali u određenim etapama
društvenog razvoja. Ona nastoji dati odgovor na pitanja: „Šta je moral?“,
„Od kada postoji?“, „Kako je nastao?“, „Od čega ovisi?“, i sl.
3. ETIKA KAO NORMATIVNA ZNANOST
Normativni aspekti etike, fokusiraju se na čovjekovo ponašanje, odnosno na
etiku u praksi. U tom smislu normativna etika kao nauka nastoji da ostane
oslonjena na objektivne činjenice, koje su zadane i nepromjenjive. Stoga Rošić
(2017) prema Polić (1990) ukazuje a to da znanstvena etika odnosno etika kao
normativna znanost, teži da utvrdi one teorijske principe, prema kojima svaki
pojedinac treba živjeti i djelovati, što ukazuje na njen bitan zadatak da
znanstveno-teorijski odredi moguće ljudsko djelovanje. Etika u tom smislu
pokazuje pravac u kojem se osoba treba ostvariti kao čovjek, stavljajući naglasak
kako je to moguće tek uz pomoć nauke, suprotstavljajući je samovolji i pokazujući
put ispravnog ljudskog djelovanja. Tek tada umjesto čovjekovog lutanja u
svakodnevnom životu etika ga nedvosmisleno usmjerava prema dobru. U tom
smislu prepoznajemo etiku kao normativnu znanost u težnji ka tome da u danom
traži mjesta ka mogućem. Kao i kod svake znanosti, Rošić (2017) ukazuje da
normativna etika želi znati da bi mogla mijenjati, a čini se kako je upravo znanje
najbolja osnova za to. Pri tome Rošić (2017:7) predlaže da se vodi računa o tome
da „... moguće iz kojega i po kojem promjene mogu doći, još nije ali niti ne može
biti predmet znanstvene spoznaje sve dok moguće ne postane zbiljsko, čime se
potvrđuje da je zbiljsko moguće, ali istovremeno, barem za znanost, prestaje biti
moguće kao nešto drugo od onoga što već jest. S obzirom na navedeno, znanost
je uvijek korak iza djelatnog čina, koji po njoj mora biti određen, što znači da
normativna znanost može zahtijevati isključivo ono što jeste“.
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4. KANTOVA ETIKA
U želji da probudi moralnu svijest savremenika, Immanuel Kant je
nedvosmisleno ukazivao na čovjekovu potrebu za uvažavanjem i poštovanjem
ljudskih dužnosti. Na tom stanovištu se suprotstavio „etici dobara“,
materijalnom vrednovanju, korisnosti, osjetnim efektima kao izvoru morala i
kriterija moralnih vrijednosti. Kao takva Kantova etika kategoričkog imperativa,
započinje potpuno novo razdoblje u historiji etike. Kant je u svojim reformama
kako primjećuje Rošić (2017) zahtijevao temeljitu razradu moralnih shvaćanja
kreirajući etiku prihvatanja normi i zakona. U tom smislu, Kantova etika ne
temelji etičku normu na sadržajnom dobru, već dobro izvodi na temelju norme.
Iz tog razloga, Kantova etika je apriorna jer istražuje načela ljudskog uma i čistu
volju, neovisno o vanjskim utjecajima ali i pobudama. Kantova etika je isto tako
i etika moralnih dužnosti. Rošić (2017:8) u tom smislu citira Kanta koji govori: “
Čovjek mora izvršavati svoju dužnost, svoju ljudsku dužnost!” Iz navedenog se
vidi da je za Kanta dužnost nešto veliko, uzvišeno i veličanstveno. On je smatrao
kako se ljudski duh uzdiže pomoću unutarnje svijesti o dužnosti, njenim
ispunjavanjem i poštivanjem. Poštovanje i obavljanje ljudskih dužnosti spada u
imperative unutrašnjeg ili apriorornog zahtjeva kao zapovijedi našeg uma. U
takvim okolnostima unutarnji glas uma kako navodi Rošić (2017) kategorički
zahtijeva od nas i naše volje da načela našeg postupanja, budu takva da ih mogu
prihvatiti i druge osobe, odnosno da ono bude opet ljudsko načelo. Kant pritome
ističe da slobodu ne trebamo doživljavati tako da možemo raditi šta god želimo
i kako god to želimo, već da čovjek koji postupa u skladu s ljudskim dužnostima
i u skladu s moralnim zakonima je istovremeno u skladu sa kategoričkim
imperativom i predstavlja najslobodnijeg čovjeka na svijetu. Rošić (2017) ne
zaobilazi ni drugi Kantov moralni zahtjev, kojim traži da se čovjek ali i sve
ljudsko u čovjeku tretira kao svrha a ne samo kao sredstvo, zato što čovjek
pripada svojevrsnom “carstvu svrha”, sam sebi propisujujući zakone i norme te
ih kao takve sam primjenjuje i izvršava. Kantova etika čovjeka postavlja kao
mjerilo moraliteta, a sam moralni zakon postaje plod čovjekova uma koji se
ostvaruje njegovom voljom. Vujović (2017), Kantovu filozofiju morala
centralizovanu oko principa moralnosti postavljenog u Kritici praktičkog uma,
postavlja kao osnov za razumijevanje njegove deontološke etike. Karakterizacija
kategoričkog imperativa kao objektivnog, racionalnog, neophodnog i
bezuslovnog principa, kojim se mora uvijek voditi svako umno biće, fundament
je za oblikovanje deontologije.
5. DEONTOLOGIJA
Pedagoška etika kao dio pedagoške kompetencije predstavlja normativnu
znanost djelovanja učitelja nastojeći dati odgovore o potrebi činjenja dobra i
njegovog definisanja, predstavljajući odraz moralnosti učiteljskog posla.
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Savremena škola je potreba i imperativ postmodernog društvenog stanja
obilježenog kontradiktornošću između „ja hoću" i „ja treba da", tragajući za
učiteljem osposobljenim za aktivni komunikacijski proces od kojeg ovisi
uspješnost međuljudskih odnosa, a to je učiteljska deontologija kako je Rosić
(2011) predstavlja. Naziv deontologija se pojavljuje polovinom 19.vijeka u djelu
„Deontology“ engleskog filozofa Jeremije Benthoma oslanjajući se na grčke
termine „deon“ - što treba biti i „logos“- nauka. U tom smislu deontologija je
nauka o dužnostima koje treba ispuniti, o dužnostima kao moralnoj obavezi
učitelja prema osobama koje se oslanjanju na njegovo znanje. U tom smislu
osnovno načelo deontologije predstavlja grčka izreka: „Age quod agis“ – „Radi
(dobro) ono što radiš“. Deontologija učiteljskog poziva se reguliše
odgovarajućim kodeksom profesije. U okvire deontologije spadaju i pozitivni
pravni propisi koji regulišu učiteljsku struku kao i svojevrsna psihologija
komuniciranja, ponašanja i etika. Iako je deontologija dio etike ona je šira od
pojma pedagoške etike jer obuhvata i zakonske propise. Stoga možemo govoriti
o etičkoj, stručnoj i kaznenoj deontologiji učiteljskog poziva. Etička deontologija
učiteljskog poziva je najšira, pa jednim dijelom obuhvata i stručnu koja može, a
i ne mora biti etički neprihvatljiv postupak ili čak kazneno djelo. Etiku
klasificiramo kao deontološku i teleološku etiku ili kao formalnu i materijalnu
etiku. Deontološke teorije o etici grupišu norme ili načela djelovanja koje etiku
čine dobrom u skladu sa normom ili u skladu sa načinom djelovanja. Baziraju se
na dužnosti da se nešto učini ili ne propusti učiniti ističući vrijednosti moralnog
djelovanja kao takvog. Istraživači deontologije dijele se na monističke i
pluralističke. Monistička deontologija polazi od jednog etičkog načela kao
ishodišta za sva ostala npr. Kantov kategorički imperativ, dok pluralistička
deontologija polazi od više međusobno ravnopravnih pravila npr. deset (Božijih)
zapovjedi. Stoga se pluralistički deontolozi češće nalaze u moralnim dilemama.
Odgovarajući primjer deontološke etike prema mišljenju Rosić (2011) i Živković
(2009) je Kantova etika, koja polazi od pojma dužnosti koja za njih predstavlja
“nužnost djelovanja iz poštovanja prema zakonu”. Profesionalne etike se pak
oslanjaju na osnovna opća etička načela nastojeći ustanoviti norme djelovanja
pojedinih struka i zanimanja, dok personalistička etika kao načelo etike postavlja
osobu, čineći je temeljem svih kriterija etičko-moralnog djelovanja i vrijednošću
koja nadilazi sve druge. Personalistička etika, kao takva, predstavlja bazu
Hipokratove zakletve i Opće povelje o pravima čovjeka, kao općeprihvaćenim
aktima etičko-moralnih vrijednosti savremene civilizacije. Za Rosića (2011)
učiteljska etika obuhvata odnos prema profesionalnim obavezama, prema
zajednici i prema drugim učiteljima, postavljajući etička načela od kojih su neka:
načelo koristi, dobročinstva, neškodljivosti, autonomnosti, pravednosti,
povjerenja, istinoljubivosti itd.
6. ETIČKI KODEKS ILI ZAKLETVA
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Pedagoška etika se može definirati i kao disciplina koja se bavi procesom
moralnog prosuđivanja uspostavljanjem kriterija koji preciziraju šta je dobro a
šta loše u procesu i rezultatu odgoja i obrazovanja, ali i kao zaseban sistem
moralnih normi koji reguliše ponašanje učitelja prema učenicima, sebi,
nastavnom sadržaju i drugim učesnicima pedagoškog procesa. U njenim
okvirima, učitelji nastoje postići najviše ideale svoje profesije. To se odnosi na
temeljne profesionalne odgovornosti (individualno, kolektivno i institucionalno)
usmjerene prema njihovoj profesiji, akademskoj disciplini, obrazovnoj instituciji
i društvu u cijelosti. Pedagoška etika u svojoj srži predstavlja deontologiju
učiteljskog posla, u smislu učenja o dužnostima učitelja prema učenicima.
Savremena škola u praksi očekuje da učitelj svoje dužnosti usmjeri ka pomaganju
učenicima da napreduju u skladu sa individualnim mogućnostima, ka sticanju
iskustava, ohrabrivanju učenika kao partnera odgovornog za preuzete obaveze,
organiziranju učenika da iskažu vlastitu kreativnost, poticanju učenika itd. Iz
navedenog se može uvidjeti da je pedagoška etika razvijajuća a ne statična,
doprinoseći tako mijenjanju i učenika i učitelja. Iako je posao učitelja za etiku
određen moralnim zakonom, učitelj ipak zakonske propise struke svakodnevni
uči i primjenjuje. Rosić (2011) stoga kaže kako u etičkom, pedagoškom i
deontološkom značenju u svom moralnom djelovanju gospodarimo nad
postupcima od početka do kraja. Deontologija učitelja je smislena aktivnost koja
povezuju učiteljska umijeća i to najprije znanje o nastavnom sadržaju, nastavnim
metodama, nastavnom planu i programu, učenicima i drugim faktorima koji
utiču na uspješnost učenja sa pripremanjem za nastavni rad i konkretnim
nastavnim aktivnostima. Stoga nas ne iznenađuje što se mnoge deontološke
postavke o odgoju i obrazovanju kao interakcijsko-komunikacijskom procesu
ostvaruju u ličnosti samog učitelja i njegovom načinu rada na šta su ukazivali
Henting (1997), Liessmann (2008) i Rosić (2011). Uvriježeno je mišljenje kako je
poštovanje etičkih pravila i načela istoznačno sa poštovanjem zakona. Međutim,
profesije poput medicine, obrazovanja ili vojske zahtijevaju ponašanja koja
prevazilaze zakon. Stoga, među bitnim elemenima za razlikovanje profesija i
neprofesija je postojanje profesionalne etike formulisane eksplicitnim
profesionalnim kodeksom. Živković (2009) ukazuje kako je UNESCO u
Preporukama za učiteljski status od 5. 10. 1966. zahtijevao da „norme ponašanja
i mjerila koja se utemeljuju u prirodi nastavničke djelatnosti treba definisati u
saradnji s nastavničkim udruženjima i onda ih se pridržavati“. U SAD-u postoji
„Code of Ethics of the Education“, dok je kod nas npr. radna grupa, Agencije za
predškolsko, osnovno i srednje obrazovanje uz tehničku podršku UNICEF-a,
izradila dokument pod nazivom „Etički kodeks“, namijenjen svim osnovnim
školama u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kodeks je nastao u okviru projekta: Razvoj
sistema praćenja kvalitete u obrazovanju, tj. etičkog kodeksa i indikatora
interkulturalnog i inkluzivnog obrazovanja, u okviru pružanja tehničke pomoći
pri razvijanju interkulturalnog etičkog kodeksa za nastavnike i učenike u
osnovnom obrazovanju koji stoji na stavu da razvijanje i usvajanje etičkog
kodeksa omogućava instituciji definisanje parametara zrelog profesionalnog
identiteta kao standarda u praksi te pravnu regulaciju njegove upotrebe, ali i kao
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sredstvo za procjenu i samoprocjenu profesionalca. U tom smislu bi se definicija
etičkog kodeksa usmjerila na zajedničke vrijednosti i skup pravila ponašanja koje
neka profesija prihvata sa svrhom osiguravanja svim sudionicima u radu, bez
obzira na rang i položaj, jasnih smjernica potrebnih za donošenje jednoobraznih
etičkih odluka u profesionanom kontekstu. Etički kodeks se istovremeno obraća
i javnosti govoreći o određenoj profesiji, njenim zalaganjima i očekivanjima.
Hartmut von Hentig (1997) se, sa druge strane u svojoj knjizi Humana škola,
zalaže za Sokratovu zakletvu koja nastupa sa pozicije personalističke etike baš
kao i Hipokratova zakletva. Tekst Sokratove zakletve obavezuje učitelja:
da odgojno-obrazovnom poslu pristupi svjesno i obavlja ga savjesno
da cjelokupni odgojno-obrazovni rad utemelji na saznanjima pedagogije,
psihologije i njima srodnih nauka
da poštuje svako dijete
da ga braniti od svega što je usmjereno protiv njega
da se zalaže za njegov psihički i fizički sklad
da poštuje njegove osjećaje
da ga uvažava kao ravnopravnog sagovornika
da traži njegovo odobrenje za sve što čini za njega
da upozna zakonitosti njegovog razvoja
da otkriva i razvija njegove sklonosti
da ne lomi njegovu volju
da ga poučava kako korištenju sopstveni razum
da ga osposobljava za preuzimanje odgovornosti za život, rad i
stvaralaštvo u zajednici
da ga ne podčinjava svojim shvatanjima svijeta, ljudskog društva i čovjeka
da mu nastoji pružiti viziju boljeg svijeta
da mu omogući upoznavanje dobrog života
da ga uvjeri kako se vizija boljeg svijeta može ostvariti
da ga podučava istinoljubivosti
da pokazuje ličnim primjerom
da javno obrazlaže svoja uvjerenja i djela, argumentima ih braneći od
kritike
da sopstveni rad svjesno provjerava
da bude spreman za provjeru djelatnosti
U tom smislu bi se etičke norme internalizirale u samu osobu, u njen
sistem vrijednosti, dok bi se sa druge strane izgubila prethodno navedena svrha
eksterne mogućnosti standardiziranog testiranja kvalitete rada. Stoga, ne
iznenađuje sveprisutna zapitanost treba li donositi učiteljski kodeks ili pak
učiteljsku zakletvu, jer je razlika bitna. Zakletvu polažu ljekari završavanjem
medicinskog fakulteta a vojnici završavanjem obuke. Pitamo se: „Je li logično da
učitelji imaju svoj profesionalni kodeks, a ne zakletvu“? Zakletva, koja sugeriše
neupitnu obavezu čini se da bi bolje odgovarala prirodi učiteljskog poziva, kako
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konstatuje Živković (2009). U tom smislu Živković (2009) navodi kako se nakon
Hentiga i Cindrić zalaže za zakletvu koju bi davali studenti preuzimanjem
diplome, predlažući da tekst zakletve R. Dottrensa iz 1996., uz UNESCO-vu
podršku čiji je tekst: „Vršiću svoju obavezu savjesno i ponosno. Moji učenici biće
mi ne samo učenici nego i djeca te nikada neću zaboraviti da za njihovu sudbinu
i sam snosim dio odgovornosti. Svim raspoloživim sredstvima ću čuvati čast
učiteljskog poziva. Moje kolege će mi uvijek biti prijatelji. S njima u saradnji
nastojaću stalno usavršavati puteve kojima škola ide priznajući svima pravo na
odgoj i socijalnu pravednost u obrazovanju. Ovu zakletvu polažem sasvim
slobodno i časno“. Za razliku od zakletve kodeksom se pobraja skup konkretnih
dužnosti kojih se treba pridržavati u obavljanju neke službe. Prema Kantu, etički
kodeks bi se trebao temeljiti na formulaciji kategoričkog imperativa obuhvatajući
osnovne dužnosti prema sebi i prema drugima sa pozicije specifičnosti
učiteljskog poziva. Iz navedenog razumijevamo da bi svaki kodeks za učitelje
trebao imati pet osnovnih teza: kategorički imperativ i četiri odredbe koje govore
o odnosu učitelja prema sebi i prema drugima (učenici, kolege, šira socijalna
sredina, država). Iz ovoga slijedi da bi prema Živkoviću (2009) jezgra etičkog
kodeksa za učitelje mogla glasiti ovako:
1. Učitelj poučava tako da su mu učenici svrha a ne sredstvo
2. Učitelj kao uzor, živi tako da se hrabro nosi s nevoljama života ne
narušavajući svoj tjelesni i duhovni integritet, a tome poučava i svoje
učenike
3. Učitelj raste kao duhovna osoba koja unaprjeđuje svoje znanje i umijeće
poučavanja, a svojim učenicima pomaže da otkriju i razvijaju vlastite
talente
4. Učitelj kao istinoljubiva osoba tome poučava i svoje učenike
5. Učitelj pomažući ljudima, tome poučava i svoje učenike
7. ZAKLJUČAK
Vođeni promišljanjima iz ovog rada proveli smo akcijsko istraživanje u jednom
od Srednjoškolskih centara KS na uzorku od 80 profesora (opći predmeti, stručno
teorijski predmeti i praksa), primjenom anketnog upitnika koji se nalazio kao
prilog tekstu Etičkog kodeksa škole i tekstu Sokratove zakletve.
Pitanje u anketnom upitniku je glasilo: „Koji od priloženih tekstova (Etički
kodeks škole ili Sokratova zakletva), po vašem mišljenju, autentičnije predstavlja
učiteljev doživljaj dužnosti?“
Rezultati su nas doveli do saznanja da je 72 (90%) od ispitanih profesora
sklonije Sokratovoj zakletvi u poređenju sa 8 (10%) profesora kojima je etički
kodeks preferirana formulacija za sistematiziranje učiteljskih dužnosti.
Interesantno je spomenuti i zapažanje da je Sokratova zakletva kao neformalan
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�Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1, Issue 2, Winter 2018
dokument vidljivo istaknuta u zajedničkim prostorijama nastavnog osoblja škole
u kojoj je istraživanje provedeno. To nas je povelo putem do pedagoške službe i
neformalnog objašnjenja kako Sokratova zakletva ipak „ima motivacijski učinak“
a etički kodeks „normativni učinak“. Razloga vjerojatno ima još, a to bi moglo
pokrenuti potpuno novi istraživački proces. Bez obzira na okolnosti, učitelji
ulažu izuzetan trud u savjesnom odnosu prema svojim dužnostima, ostvarujući
tako osnovno pravilo odgojnog rada da se prihvatanjem dužnosti prihvatamo i
svakodnevnog djelovanja, prevazilazeći spoznaju o činovničkoj dimenziji
učiteljskog poziva u pravcu spoznaje o učiteljima kao kreatorima znanja i razvoja.
Stoga, promišljajući o razvoju etičkih kompetencija učitelja, kreira se okosnica za
promišljanja o savremenom učitelju koji predstavlja ključnog aktera promjena u
budućnosti.
REFERENCES
Cindrić, M. (1995), Profesija učitelj u svijetu i Hrvatskoj. Velika Gorica–Zagreb:
Persona.
Čehok, I. Koprek, I. i dr. (1996. Etika – priručnik jedne discipline, Zagreb: Školska
knjiga.
Fiamengo, A. (1985). Osnove opće sociologije, Zagreb: Narodne novine.
Fočo, S. (2003). Sociologija odgoja i obrazovanja, Zenica: Dom štampe.
Glasser, W. (1993). Nastavnik u kvalitetnoj školi, Zagreb: Educa.
Hentig, V. H.(1997). Humana škola, Zagreb: Educa.
Kant, I. (1953), Osnove metafizike ćudoređa. Zagreb: Matica hrvatska.
Konig, E. i Zedler, P. (2001). Teorije znanosti o odoju: uvod u osnove, metode i
praktičnu primjenu, Zagreb: Educa.
Liessmann, P.L. (2008). Teorija neobrazovanosti- Zablude društva znanja,
Zagreb: Naklada Jesenski i Turk.
Radoš, M. (2017). Etika i odgoj, Završni rad, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Učiteljski
fakultet,
Odsjek
za
odgojiteljski
studij,
na
sajtu:
https://repozitorij.ufzg.unizg.hr, očitano: 22. 1. 2019.g.
108
�Deontologija učiteljskog poziva, Sokratova zakletva ili Etički kodeks
Melisa Zukić
Rosić, V. (2011). Deontologija učitelja - temelj pedagoške etike, u časopisu:
Informatol. 44, 142-149.
Strike, K. A. (1988). The Ethics of Teaching. The Phi Delta Kappan, 70(2), 156-158.
Tillmann, K-J, (1994). Teorije škole, Zagreb: Educa.
Vukasović, A. (1993). Etika-Moral-Osobnost, Zagreb: Školska knjiga.
Vujović, M. (2017). Osnovni principi Kantove etike dužnosti, u časopisu: Matica,
br. 71, str. 389-426, očitano na sajtu: http://www.maticacrnogorska.me, 22. 1.
2019.g.
Warnick, B. R. & Silverman, S. K. (2011). A Framework for Professional Ethics
Courses in Teacher Education, Journal of Teacher Education 62, 273-285.
Živković, M. (2009). Kodeks učitelja zasnovan na Kantovom nauku o dužnosti,
u časopisu: Metodički ogledi, 16, 23–34
Učiteljska zakletva, na sajtu:http://www.prviprvinaskali.com, očitano: 26. 3.
2017.
National EducationAssociation (2002). Code of Ethics of the Education
Proffesion. www.nea.org./aboutnea/code.html.
109
�
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Journal of Education and Humanities
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Education and Humanities
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Deontology of Teachers, Socrates Oath or Code of Ethics
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Abstract: Deontology, the science of teaching professional duties refers to the moral obligation of teachers towards students. The principle of ethics: "Age quod agis" or "Do (well) what you're doing“involves legislation, psychology of communication, behavior and ethics. Overcoming pedagogical ethics as attitude towards professional obligations, community and colleagues, it studies the rights and duties regulated by the code of the profession. The difference between Bentham's and Kant's views about duties is the difference between professional oath and school's code of ethics. Therefore deontology consider duties as base of moral and professionally mature person who swears to success, while code of ethics is based on a mistrustful society that doubt in the identity of moral values, professionals and society as well.
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Melisa Zukić
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Journal of Education and Humanities
Volume 1 (2)
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International Burch University
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Winter 2018
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Key words: deontology, code of ethics, Socrates oath
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ISSN 2566-4638
DOI 10.14706/JEH2018126
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https://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/b79f1e334dc0108761a6b4323ca81333.pdf
3fc9064d36220fe6d3b21490cb60caf3
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�PUBLISHER
Faculty of Education and Humanities, International Burch University
Address: Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilidža
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Phone : +387(0) 33 944 400
Fax
: +387(0) 33 944 500
EDITORS IN CHIEF
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Senad Bećirović, International Burch University
Assist. Prof. Dr. Amna Brdarević-Čeljo, International Burch University
Assist. Prof. Dr. Vildana Dubravac, International Burch University
EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS
Teach. Assist. Ana Tankosić, MA
Teach. Assist. Eldin Milak, MA
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Jasna Hivziefendić, PhD, International Burch University, BiH
Harun šiljak, PhD, CONNECT Center, Ireland
Vladimir Rajs, PhD, University in Novi Sad, Serbia
Dejan Jokić, PhD, International Burch University, BiH
Aida Talić, PhD, University of Illinois, USA
Dean Sinković, PhD, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Croatia
Nereida Hadžiahmetović, PhD, International Burch University, BiH
Ensar Mekić, PhD, International Burch University, BiH
E-MAIL
studentsymposium@ibu.edu.ba
�CONTENTS
1
From the Shadows of the Temples: Abrahamic Religions and Their Contribution to
Education
Damir Bešlija
7
Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret Hikayesinde Mekan Unsuru (The Places of Action in a
Visit Story of Sezai Karakoc)
Kemal Čedić
15
Why Is Switzerland Better Off Out of The European Union?
Sabina Komić
�5th International Student Symposium
From the Shadows of the Temples: Abrahamic
Religions and Their Contribution to
Education
Damir Bešlija
International Burch University
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
d.beslija@gmail.com
Abstract: The continuous process of secularisation has been
active in many societies regardless of the ruling regimes for many
centuries. Since education represents one of the most important
and influential fields in the modern world, this transformation of
society’s identification and affiliation from religious toward
nonreligious values has created a sort of aversion to religious
teachings amongst scholars and people overall. Consequently, the
contribution of Abrahamic religions to the formation and
establishment of today’s educational institutions has been either
neglected or observed as negative and decadent. However, it is de
facto that over the course of history Abrahamic faiths have overly
contributed to the formation of educational institutions we know
today. Therefore, in this term paper we discuss the teachings and
perspectives of Judaism, Christianity and Islam regarding
knowledge and education, and present positive influence
religious teachings have had on the establishment of educational
institutions.
Proceedings|2018
Keywords: secularisation,
religious teachings,
Abrahamic religions,
knowledge, education.
Article History
Submitted: June 26, 2018
Accepted: July 13, 2018
�From the shadows of the temples…
INTRODUCTION
Judaism, Christianity and Islam are usually regarded as the only monotheistic
religions in the world today. These three faiths differ in some crucial dogmas and
practises, but they contain a unique monotheistic concept. Besides, they share the
idea of the significance of education. Judaism, Christianity and Islam emphasise
the imperative for learning and gaining knowledge. Therefore, from the very
beginning of their teachings, these faiths have built foundations for the
establishment of the first educational institutions which will be mentioned later
on in this paper.
Religion as an inseparable concept from human nature has been
continually represented as a decadent phenomenon and a paraphernalia for
manipulation. Throughout history many have endeavoured to omit religious
teachings and, furthermore, to throw a veil over their historical importance.
However, they have always lacked a philosophical view or an idea that would
set high moral and ethical principles amongst students and professors. On the
other hand, religious educational institutions which would provide their
students with worldly knowledge, have often brought up generations of
fundamentalists and extremists. That is because science without religion is lame
and religion without science is blind.
Ultimately, this paper examines the attitude of Judaism, Christianity and
Islam toward education and their contribution to establishment of educational
institutions.
JUDAISM
The fact that majority of Jewish people are well educated has been known for
centuries. As Eliezer Eber believes, perhaps Jews are well educated because their
religion requires them to be educated. In fact, male Jews are expected to read the
Torah and teach it to their children. Since the Jews esteem their laws as divine
revelations, and are being taught from their earliest youth, they bear the image
of the law in their mentality, so it is the Hebrew culture that has made them more
educated and successful. Torah and Talmud also support an idea of tradition and
culture preservation through education: "The real guardians of a state are the
teachers" (Talmud Yerushalmi, Hagigah 1:7).
Furthermore, Judaism has supported the establishment of the first science
schools along with religious institutions. Yet, in Talmud, the slight advantage is
given to the schools: "One does not keep children from school even to build the
Temple" (Talmud, Shabbat 3:11).
However, we cannot comprehend the Jewish view on education unless we
consider Hebrew history. Before the destruction of the Second Temple, the sect
of Sadducees controlled Jewish society, largely through their dominance of
religious and social roles therein. Their role was challenged by the Pharisees, who
advocated the study of both the Written and Oral Torah.
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�Damir Bešlija
The balance of power in Jewish society changed with the destruction of
the Second Temple in 70 A.D. by the Romans in response to the Jewish revolt, led
by the Sadducees. The Pharisees did not participate in the revolt, and used this
window of opportunity to wrest power from the Sadducees. The Pharisees
started the process of fundamental educational reform along the lines they had
advocated before. It is possible that this was also a move to permanently shift
power to themselves, as democratising educational institutions would undercut
the foundation of the power of the Sadducees. Tradition such as reading and
teaching children the Torah and supporting primary schools for Jewish
communities and synagogues as learning institutions developed after this
period, and proliferated more widely in the 6th and 7th centuries. Notably, this
happened while the Jewish society was still mostly agricultural (Mittelberg,
1994). These events portray that even religious practices, the clearest form of
cultural factors, cannot be studied and understood in isolation of the political
struggles.
CHRISTIANITY
Christianity, as a religion which originates from Hebrew culture, shares many
similarities with Judaism in regard to education and learning. However, being
slightly less conservative when it comes to maintaining religious practices and
traditions, it has contributed to the establishment of secular educational
institutions in a greater extent. From the earliest ages of Christian faith, churches
and monasteries contained special rooms for educating the Christian, but also
very often non-Christian youth. There are many instances of monasteries which
preserved a number of significant books and pieces of art in our country.
Orthodox monastery Tvrdoš near Trebinje and Franciscan monastery in Fojnica
possess a great amount of historically significant literature in almost all the fields
of human interest (Marković, 2009).
Asceticism, which is the focal point of monastic life, is a uniform and a
universal ideal of discipline. Different forms of discipline are mostly intended to
develop notions of supreme educational value: spiritual growth and moral
improvement. Even though monasticism was not the only way of educating, it
influenced education in numerous ways. As mentioned, moral improvement of
students represents its principal objective. However, it was not until the 16th and
17th centuries, that education became one of the controlling ideas of monasticism.
Over the course of the Middle ages education was not a mass affair, meaning that
most of the people outside the church were illiterate.
The monasteries - sole educational institutions of the Middle ages - were
depositories of literature and learning and the sole schools for teaching; they
offered the only professional training; they were the forerunners of researches;
they served as publishing houses for the multiplication of books and places
which produced the only scholars (Chadwick, 1993).
The monks produced practically all the literature of the time, including
chronicles, lives of saints and scholastic discussion (Le Goff, 1988). The reason for
5th International Student Symposium
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�From the shadows of the temples…
this Christian perspective toward education might be found in the very first verse
of the Gospel of John: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with
God, and the Word was God.” (John, 1:1)
The Word, as a metaphor for knowledge, has been regarded as a part of
Holy Trinity’s Spirit, which is given to the chosen (Piper & Taylor, 2009).
Furthermore, as stated in Piper and Taylor (2009), the Bible is filled with every
manner of literary device to add impact to the language and education: acrostics,
alliteration, analogy, anthropomorphism, assonance, cadence, chiasm,
consonance, dialogue, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, meter, onomatopoeia,
paradox, parallelism, repetition, rhyme, satire, simile—they are all there, and
more (Piper & Taylor, 2009).
Moreover, the impact of church on the culture and, thus, education, might
be observed through five repetitive types of the Christian community’s relations
to the world. Reinhold Niebuhr states them in his famous work as following:
Christ against culture, Christ of culture, Christ above culture, Christ and culture
in paradox, and Christ the transformer of culture. Furthermore, he says: “The
first two are expressions of opposition to and endorsement of the world, while
the last three share a concern to mediate in distinctive ways the opposition
between the first two” (Niebuhr, 1951, pg. 56). Ultimately, professor Newman
states the pragmatic idea of Christian influence on education: “If then a practical
end must be assigned to [education] ... I say it is that of training good members
of society” (Newman, 1996, pg. 17).
Considering the information stated, one might undoubtedly conclude that
Christianity as a faith and the Church as the institution which represents
Christian ideas have had a great impact on educational systems, encompassing
both sole education and moral conduct
ISLAM
The first verse in the Qur’an revealed to the Prophet Muhammad refers to
reading, thinking, understanding, knowledge and all the complex cognitive
processes involved in education. The Qur’an is conscious of the fact that in order
to recognise God and his signs in the nature around us, one must have an
adequate education. It, therefore, clearly distinguishes ordinary believers from
well-educated Muslims: “Say, are those who know equal to those who do not
know?” (Qur’an, 39:9)
Islam encourages education of children from early ages and emphasises
the need for continual development of love for books and science amongst
children, but at the same time insists on the upbringing and strengthening of
moral values. All the spheres of human behaviour, whether public or private, are
pervaded by education aimed at building an integral human personality and its
positive qualities: intellect, emotion, good will and character. Education in Islam
is especially significant because the consequences in an event of its absence are
more dangerous than the lack of education. The idea of Islam’s contribution to
4
Proceedings|2018
�Damir Bešlija
the education is supported by the numerous examples of Islamic schools and
libraries that were established over the course of the Golden age of Islam.
Such an example is The House of Wisdom (Arabic: ;بيت الحكمةBayt alHikma), which was a major intellectual centre during the Islamic Golden Age.
The House of Wisdom was founded in Baghdad as a private library of Caliph
Harun al-Rashid and culminated in prominence under his son al-Ma'mun, who
brought many well-known scholars to share information, ideas, and culture in
the House of Wisdom. The library was used by both Muslim scholars, and people
of Jewish or Christian background. Besides translating books into Arabic and
preserving them, scholars associated with the House of Wisdom also made many
remarkable original contributions to diverse fields.
Spiritual and emotional education, which is neglected in today's religious
and moral education, is also prominent in Sufi educational thought and practice.
Sufism as a form of Islamic-oriented piety and intellectuality desires to enrich an
individual by love, mercy and knowledge, as well as contribute to human
education in a way that is useful to people (Polat, 2017)
Furthermore, Sufism regards learning as more than a usual didactic
interaction between teachers and students. It tends to emphasise the
relationships between the two, regarding this bond as a great advantage.
Institutions of Sufism hold a respectable position in the educational and moral
upbringing. This means that Sufi values intend to prepare an individual both
mentally and morally to remain a “God’s caliph on earth” (Qur’an, 2:30).
In conclusion, Sufi philosophy contributes to the formation of Islamic
morality and educational systems, having an utmost significance in the
interpretation of the Qur’an, and the Sunnah-Muhammad’s practice (PengKeller, 1995). Though usually declared decadent by Western modern thoughts,
the contribution of Islam to both has been proved in different sources.
CONCLUSION
Abrahamic religions, as most common faiths, have influenced all the fields of
human work, including education. Although through the process of
secularisation many individuals and regimes in the 20th and 21st century have
endeavoured to diminish the contribution of named philosophies and faiths to
the proliferation of the awareness of importance of education, they preserved the
instances of their significance in every culture. Multiculturalism as a meeting
point for the teaching of three religions, plays a role in making dynamic and
interactive links and relationships among different cultures (Bećirović, 2012).
Therefore, examining the teachings of these religions and their contribution to
education helps in establishing common acceptance and tolerance amongst
nations and cultures.
REFERENCES
5th International Student Symposium
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�From the shadows of the temples…
Bećirović, S. (2012). The Role of Intercultural Education in Fostering CrossCultural
Understanding. Epiphany: Journal of transdisciplinary studies.
Chadwick, H. (1967/1993). The Early Church. London: Penguin Books.
Grant, L., Miller, H. & Pomson, A. (2011). International Handbook of Jewish
Education. New York: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg
Le Goff, J. (1985/1988). The Medieval Imagination. Trans. A. Goldhammer.
Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Newman, J.H. (1852/1996). The Idea of a University, F. Turner (Ed.). New Haven:
Yale University Press.
Niebuhr, R. (1951). Christ and Culture. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
Marković, I. (2008). Pravoslavni manastiri u Bosni I Hercegovini. Gacko: Друштво
за очубање баштине
Mittelberg, D. (1994). Jewish Peoplehood Education. New York: Springer Publishing
Company
Mutahhari, M. (2016). Man and Universe. Teheran: Islamic Seminary Publications
Peng-Keller, S. (2015). Achtsamkeit als spiritueller Leitbegriff. Annäherungen
aus s piritualitätsgeschichtlicher und theologischer Perspektiv: Rellis
Piper, J. & Taylor, J. (2009). The Power of Words and the Wonder of God. Wheaton:
Crossway Books
Polat, M. (2017). Tasawwuf-oriented Educational Philosophy and its Relevance
to the Formation of Religion and Ethics Course Curriculum. Epiphany: Universal
Journal of Educational Research
Rumi, M. C. (2013). Mesnevi [Masnawī]. Trans. D. Örs & H. Kırlangıc, 3rd Edition,
Konya: Konya Büyükşehir Belediyesi.
Smith, J. (2009). Encyclopaedia Britannica, 8th ed., s.v. “Internet.” Chicago:
Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Holy Qur’an. (2004). Croydon: Islam International Publications
The Holy Bible NLT. (1996). Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers
The Holy Scriptures. (1955). Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society
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Proceedings|2018
�5th International Student Symposium
Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret Hikayesinde Mekan
Unsuru
(The Places of Action in a Visit Story of Sezai Karakoc)
Kemal Čedić
International Burch University
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
kemal.cedic@stu.ibu.edu.ba
Abstract: Sezai Karakoç is a writer that gained a reputation in modern Turkish
literature after fifties years of the last century with his short stories and poems. Terms,
such as Islam, civilization and humanity that form the axis of his thought – world leap
out in his works. As a thinker who has witnessed the decadence of highly rated human
values, Sezai Karakoç considers that the teaching of modernity played the most
important role in that negative process that occurred on Turkish territories. In A Visit
story which is the object of this research, Sezai Karakoç noted the negative sides of
urbanising as a product of modernity.
After we have analysed the locations where the action takes place we have come to the
conclusion that they play an important role in the storyline. By using the method of
text analysis, we have sorted out all the places of action that are to be found in the story
such as the village, the coffeehouse and the prayer house and we can conclude that the
placement of these locations is crucial for the essence of the narration. As Sezai Karakoc
has written essays on different topics, we used his philosophical views about the
function of these locations in the social context. Actually, the message that the writer
wants to send us through the story is understood truly just by his description of the
space elements. So, the inner or outer views of the space elements in A Visit story
reflect the downfall of the human soul in that period.
Özet: Sezai Karakoç 1950’li yıllardan sonra Yeni Türk edebiyatında hem şiirleriyle
hem hikayeleriyle tanınmış bir yazardır. İslam, insanlık, medeniyet gibi kavramlar
Karakoç’un düşünce dünyasının eksenini oluşturmaktadır. Karakoç, modernizmi,
insanlığın yüce değerlerinin düşüşüne yol açan bir hareket olarak açıklamaktadır.
Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret hikayesinde söz edilen modernizmin getirdiği
olumsuzlukları, insanların sıkı ilişkide bulundukları mekanlara yansıması ele
alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Hikaye kurgusu
içerisnde yer alan mekanların toplumsal değişim ile ilgili bağlantıları tesbit edilmiştir.
Bu bağlantıların tesbiti noktasında Karakoç’un çeşitli yazı ve denemelerinden
faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuç Karakoç’un moderniteyi mekansal manada
eleştirmesidir. Karakoç’a göre insan modernite ile birlikte geçirmiş olduğu değişim
sonucunda geleneksel değerlerini yitirmiş ve özünden uzaklaşmıştır. Bu değer yitimini
gösteren unsurlardan birisi de insan değişiminin yansımasının kaçınılmaz olduğu
mekana ait değişikliklerdir. Mekandaki çürüme insan ruhunun batışını sembolize
etmektedir.
Proceedings|2018
Keywords: A visit, space element,
modernity, urbanising.
Anahtar kelimeler: Ziyaret,
mekan, modernizm, şehirleşme
Article History
Submitted: May 21, 2018
Accepted: July 2, 2018
�Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret Hikayesinde…
GİRİŞ
İkinci Yeni Hareket’ine mensup sayılan Sezai Karakoç’un diğer İkinci Yeni
şairlerinden ayıran özelliklerinden biri de onun şiirlerinin yanında hikayeleri
yazıp modern Türk hikayesi bünyesine katkı sağlamsıdır. Bu katkı nicelikten
ziyade nitelik bakımındandır. Sezai Karakoç bugüne kadar Meydan Ortaya
Çıktığında ve Portreler olmak üzere iki hikaye kitabı yayımlamıştır.
Sezai Karakoç’un İkinci Yeni Hareketi’ne mensup sayılmaması nedenlerinden en
önemlisi kendisinin farklı hayat felsefesine sahip olması ve metafizik içerikli
eserlerin yazmasıdır.
Sezai Karakoç’un çoğu hikayesinin merkezini dini kaynaklar ve bizzat yaşadığı
dönemde Türkiye’de vuku bulan modernizmin tenkidi oluşturmaktadır. Bu
bildiride söz konusu olacak Ziyaret hikayesinin konusu modernizmle gelen
kentleşmenin getirdiği olumsuzlukların eleştirisi. Modernizm, "Bir inanç sistemi
ya da öğreti bütünün değişen koşullara uyarlama eğilimi ya da hareketi. Özel
olarak da, Batı’da 19. asrın sonlarına doğru ortaya çıkan ve Klisenin teolojik
öğretisiyle toplum teorisini kentleşme ve endustrileşme, geleneksel otoritenin
çöküşü ve liberal/demokratik düşüncelerin yükselişinin ve nihayet modern
bilimin etkisiyle dünya görüşünde vuku bulan değişmelerin sonucu olan yeni
toplumsal ve politik koşullara uyarlamayı amaçlayan tavır ya da harekettir"
(Cevizci, 1993:603). Moderniteye göre insanlığın gelişimi grafiği hep yukarıya
doğru gitmektedir. Toplumlar zaman geçtikçe üst mertebelere ulaşmaktadır. Bu
sadece ekonomik boyutu değil, hayatın bütün alanları kapsamaktadır. (Altun,
2005:2-3) Modernizm insana karşı yeni bir bakış oluşturup onun değeri maddi
ürünleri üretme kabiliyetine bağlamaktadır. Bu anlayışın asıl sebebi ise dünyada
sanayileşmenin hızlı bir şekilde yayılması ve insan gücüne ihtiyaç duymasıdır.
Avrupa’da ortaya çıkan modernizm insanoğlunun bilim ve teknoloji alanında
gerillimi için klisenin Tanrsını suçlamaktadır. Zira, Orta Çağ’daki Avrupa’yı
teokratik rejim idare ettiği için Klise’nin anlayışına karşı gelen bilim insanların
sergiledikleri tavırlarından suçlayıp farklı şekillerde eza ve cefaya maruz
bırakmıştır. Doğu’daki modernizm öncüleri Avrupa için geçerli her neyse İslam
alemi için de geçerli olduğunu iddia ettiklerinden Doğu’nun gerilimi için de
Tanrıyı suçlamaya kalkmışlardır. Onlara göre, toplumsal ilerleme için gerekli
olan ise halkı manevi değerlerden uzaklaştırılması. Sezai Karakoç; kendi
eserlerinde insan sadece et ve kemikten oluşan bir makina olmayıp kendi manevi
boyutuyla insanoğlunun ortak mirasına ve ilerlemesine potansiyel katkılara
sahip olduğunu öne sürerek modernizm öncülerin iddialarına karşı çıkmaktadır.
Sezai Karakoç insanı "bir ömür ruhunu yontan hakikat artisti" (Karakoç, 1979:44)
ve kendi potresini çizmeye çalşan varlık olarak tarif etmektedir. (Karakoç,
1979:67) Halbuki modernizm insanı bu yüce sıfatlardan arındırmaya çalışıp
yukarıda belirtildiği gibi sadece maddi boyutuna indirmektedir.
Modernizmin dünya çapında getirdiği en önemli olgu ise kentleşmedir.
Kentleşme Sezai Karakoç’un anlayışına göre yeni bir kentin oluşumu değil,
"tabiatın ölümünden doğan bir illüzyondur. Tabiat kent-dışı oluyor ve oradan
insanlara kente dolaşıyor. Ancak sağlıklı bir kentleşme olmadığı gibi, kentlerin
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�Kemal Čedić
de ölümüne sebep olmuştur." (Kevserbaş 2008:198) Böylelikle, "Modernizm,
geleneksel şehirlerin bu ruhunu yok etmekle işe başladı. Bir şehir, ancak ruhu
yok edilirse tarihten silinir diyen Ivan İllich ne kadar da haklıdır. Bu yok oluş,
önce şehri yapan 'dil'in bozulması, ardından bu dilin yüklenerek taşıdığı
değerlerin aşın(dırıl)ması, bu değerlerin oluşturduğu 'göz'ün deforme oluşu, bu
gözün bozuluşu ile de 'güzellik' ve 'hikmet' idraklerinin değer yapıcı- lık/değer
koruyuculuk niteliklerini kaybetmesi ile kendisini görünür kılar. Sözünü
ettiğimiz bu bozulma, aşınma ve nitelik kaybı, toplumsal tarih pratiğinde
'modernleşme' olarak tezahür etmiş ve bu modernleşme süreci, bizim geleneksel
şehirlerimizi dokusuyla, mimarîsiyle, içinde yaşanan hayatın mahiyeti ve
temposuyla, insan ilişkileriyle, bütünüyle modern kentlere dönüştürme
(kentleşme) çabası olarak kendini göstermiştir.” (Andı, 2013:80) Kentleşme
kendisiyle birlikte Marks tipi insanı da getirmiştir. Sezai Karakoç'a göre bu insan
"ruhu bir muz gibi koparılıp atılmış, dininin yerini jimnastik almış, Tanrısı'na
madde, kilisesine parti ikame edilmiş, dünya hakkındaki bütün fikri
laboratuarlarda imal ve kendine klişeler halinde telkin edilmiş, öte dünya ve
hesap verme inancından habersiz, görünmeyen bir el tarafından günü gelince
fabrikaya veya savaşa sürülen, öldüğü gün yarım kilo fosfor veya iki kilo suni
gübre değeri olan bir insandır." (Karakoç, 2000:64)
Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret hikayesi modernizm çerçevesinde gerçekleşen
kentleşme olgusunun tenkitlerinden örülüdür. Metafizik anlayışına sahip Sezai
Karakoç dünya dahil olmak üzere bütün evrenin görülmeyen direklerin üzerine
durduğuna inanıp bu görülmeyen direkler Tanrı’nın vahyettiği bütün semavi
dinlerde mevcut evrensel değerler olduğunu savunmaktadır. Dünya da kendisi
v onun üzerindeki insanlık da, bu değerlerin sayesinde yaşamaktadır. Yahut, bu
değerler yıkılrsa dünya da insanlık da yıkılmış olur. Sezai Karakoç bu değerleri
hayatta tutturmak istediği için onların yıkılmasına yol açan kentleşmeye karşı
çıkıp o tenkidin üzerine kalemle yontulmuş kelime heykellerini dikmektedir.
Kalemle yontulmuş bu kelime heykellerinden biri de Ziyaret hikayesidir.
MATERYAL BIR UNSUR OLARAK HIKAYEDE MEKAN
Kurguya dayalı metinler içerisinde yer alan hikaye türünde de mekan hikayenin
anlamını derinleştren önemli unsurlardan biridir. Hikayede mekan kurgunun
yer aldığı doğanın bir dilimi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. "Doğa insanın kendi
kültürel varlıını belirlemesinde başat bir rol oyna(r). Doğanın her türlü
etkisinden uzaklaşabilmek için, barınma gereksinimi duyan insan kendisine bir
kulübe inşa e(der). Bu bilinçli yer yapımıyla kendisini doğadan ayırıp onun
karşısında kültürel bir varlık olarak türüne özgü yeni bir duruş belirlemeye
başla(r)" (Oraliş, 2006:65) İnsanın iç dünyasında yaşadığı dönüşümler, yaşadığı
yerde de karşılık bulmalıydı. Mekânla bireyin ilişkisi, yaşanılan corafya ile örtük
bir düzlemde ilerler. Böylece mekânlar, insan hayatının/kişiliğinin ayrılmaz bir
parçası olarak karşımıza çıkarken; insan da mekâna yeni boyutlar kazandırarak
hâkimiyet alanını genişletmiş olur. Yani "[i]nsan, içinde yer aldığı mekânı
algılayan, kendi konumunu bu yapı içinde belirleyen ve kendisine bu çevre
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�Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret Hikayesinde…
içinde hareket alanı sağlayabilen bir bilinç ve görüş yeteneğine sahiptir" (Yazıcı,
2002:269).
Edebiyat ve hayat iç içe olduğundan dolayı edebiyatta mekan unsuru belirleme,
canlandırma, olay akışını yönlendirme gibi önemli işlevler üstlenir. Edebiyatta
mekan unsuru birkaç şekilde tanımlanabilir. Edebiyattaki mekan unsurunun en
geniş tanımı ise çevrenin fiziksel boyutudur. Mekan unsuru konuşmacı ya da
yazarın kafasından çıkarılan çevredir. Bu edebi unsur yazma meselesi ya da dile
ilişkin başka herhangi becerinin barındığı veya tartışıldığı sahne olarak da tasvir
edilir. Edebiyat dünyasında mekan unsuru bir edebi eserin toplumsal çevre veya
toplusmal bağlam olarak bilinen çerçevesini oluşturmak maksadıyla zaman ve
olay örgüsü ile ilişkilendirilir.
Edebiyattaki mekan unsuruna dair genel konuların üzerine araştırmalar,
yazarların kendi eserleri için mekan unsuru başlangıç noktası olarak
düşündüklerini göstermektedir. Söz gelimi, Thomas March, mekan unsurunun
ABD'nin Batı Bölgesi'nde mitler işleyişi gibi konularla ilişkisi göstermek
amacıyla onu kullanmaktadır. (108-109) Bazı yazarlar özel eserleri için mekanı
kültürel çerçeveyi sağlayan unsur olarak görmektedirler. Diğerler için ise mekan,
kültürler arasında karşılaştırmalı araştırmalar için sağlam bir zemindir.
(Jeremiah, 2000: 23) Yukarıdaki sözlerden mekan kavramı, yazarın okurlara
demek istediğine katıldığından dolayı bir eserin anlaşılması için merkezi
unsurun olması sonucuna varılmaktadır.
Ziyaret Hikayesinde Mekan Unsuru
Sezai Karakoç başka bir boyuttan gözlemlenniş modern insanların yaşadıkları
hayat tarzının çerçevesinde Ziyaret hikayesini kurgulamıştır. Hikayenin arka
planını Türkiye'deki modernleşmenin hududunda gerçekleşen kentleşme
olgusunu Sezai Karakoç "vaktinden önce diriltilmiş bir kaç kişinin" gözünden ele
almaktadır. Sezai Karakoç'un herhangi eserinde olduğu gibi bu hikayenin
nakışında da Kur'an'dan alınmış motifler göze çarpmaktadır- İslamın inancını
temellendiren Kıyamet günü ve ölümden sonra kendi bedenleriyle insanların
dirilmesinin yanı sıra İslami kaynakarda farklı sebeplerden dolayı
öldürüldükten ya da uyutulduktan sonra Kıyamet günü kopmadan önce
dirilitilmiş birkaç kişinin olayları geçmektedir. Bunların arasında en çok bilinen
Ashab-i Kehf', Tanrı'nın kemikleri toplayıp tekrar vucüt haline getirebileceğine
kuşku duyan kişinin ölüp yüz yıldan sonra tekrar dirilmesi ya da Benü İsrai'lin
şimşek çattıktan sonra ölüp tekrar hayata dönmeleri hikayesidir.
Sezai Karakoç Ziyaret hikayesini bunlara benzer bir olaya başlamaktadır.
"Gecenin gözleri olsaydı, bir kaç mezarı kımıldadığını, kabarıp yarıldığını
görecekti... Mezarlar yarıldı ve ölüler dışarı çıktı."(Karakoç, 1999:127) Sezai
Karakoç mezarların kımılması, kabarması ve yarılması ile insanların dirilme
olayı birden değil basamak basamak gerçekleştiğini açığa vurmaktadır. Sezai
Karakoç'un kullandığı mezarın kımılması diriltme gerçekleşmeden önce Al-Zizal
suresinde geçen yerin kendi sarsıntı ile sarsılması ve ağırlıklarını çıkarmasına
ima etmektedir. İslam anlayışına göre insan mezara girdiğinde hakikati
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�Kemal Čedić
görecektir. Bundan dolayı mezar bir pencere ya da açılmış perde olarak
algılanmaktadır. Bunun etrafında Necip Fazıl'ın "Ölüm güzel şey, budur perde
ardından haber" (Kısakürek, 1977:153) sözleri de anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca, Ziyaret
hikayesinde baş kahramanların vaktinden önce dirilmesi Ashab-i Kehf'in
uyutulduktan üç yüz dokuz sene sonra uyanması ve ve kendileri arasında birini
seçip şehre göndermelerine ima etmektedir
Ziyaret hikayesinde de diriltilen ölüler hemen yaşadıkları yere yönelmişlerdir.
Onların yaşadıkları yer dağın yamacında bir kasaba oluştur. Kasaba, insanların
toplu halde yaşadıkları köy ile kent arası olan yerdir. Kente göre kasabada nüfus
sayısı daha az, halbuki kasabada normal yaşam tarzını sağlayan olmazsa olmaz
cami, yerel okul, sağlık merkezi, kahve gibi müesseseler bulunmaktadır.
Kasabada kentten farklı bir hayat tarzı yaşanmaktadır. Kasaba müslümanların
yaşadıkları bölgelere ait olduğu için islam değerleri yaşamanın sistemi üzerine
kuruludur. Kasabadaki insanlar sadece zaman ve mekanla şartlandırılan alemle
değil, aynı zamanda hem Tanrı ile hem de kabirdeki atalarla ilişkilerini
sürdürmektedir. Bundan dolayı eskiden kasabalar dağların yamacaın
kurulmuştur. Mezarlar ise büyük kentlerde olduğu gibi mahallerlerden ve
evlerden uzak mesafede bulunmamıştır. Kasaba insanı; sürekli kabrıstana
bakarak kendi işlerini ifa ederdi. Böylece kasaba insanı hiçbir zaman ölümü
bilinçten çıkaramamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra ataların kabirlerinden sürekli geçtiği
için içinde onlara karşı vefayı beslemekten hiçbir şey onu alıkoyamamıştıi.
Kasabada hayat, Ahmet Haşim'in ifade ettiği şekliyle Müslüman saatine göre
cereyan etmiştir. Her işin tabi olduğu namaz vakitleri böyle bir hayatın temel
noktasıym Gündüz sabah namazından yatsıya sürüp geçerdi. Yatsıdan sonra
insanlar kendi evlerine çekilip aileleriyle boş vakit geçirirmiştir. "Yabancı saati
alışkanlığından evvel bu iklimde, iki ucu gecelerin karanlığıyle simsiyah olan ve
sırtı, çeşitli vakitlerin kırmızı, sarı ve lâcivert ateşleriyle yol yol boyalı, büyük bir
canavar halinde, bir gece yarısından diğer bir gece yarısına kadar uzanan
yirmidört saatlik “gün” tanınmazdı. Işıkta başlayıp ışıkta biten, oniki saatlik,
kısa, hafif, yaşanması kolay bir günümüz vardı." (Haşim 2014:3)
Kente göre insanlar birbirine karşı daha yakın oldukları ve daha samimi
yaşadıkları halde özel ile sosyal hayat arasındaki sınır bellidir. Ayrıca, kentte
kahvelerin başka rol oynamaya başlayıp Sezai Karakoç'un sözleriyle selamlık
çerçevesinde çıktığı için bu sınır hafiflemiştir.
Vakitten önce dirilme izni verilmiş birkaç insan dağdan şehre indiğinde sokakları
tenha, kahveler ise dolu bulmuşlardır. Mahalle kahvelerin ortadan kalktığını,
mahallelerden çarşıya göç ettiğini, çarşıyla ve dükkanlarla ilgili olduğunu fark
ettiklerinde toplumun yanlış yöne yelken açtığını sonuca varmışlardır. Türk
dünyasına kahvehaneler, kahvenin içilmeye başladığı zamandan itibarer
girmiştir. "Osmanlı toplumunda ve Cumhuriyetin kuruluş döneminde, yaşanan
sosyal ve siyasal değişimde, aktif rol oynayan ve toplumun nabzını tutmuştur."
(Ediz, 2008:179-180) Mehmet Akif, kahvehaneyi başlangıçtan itibaren Osmanlı
aleminde ürünleri olumsuz olan tohum olarak algıladığına karşı o dönemdeki
kahvehanelerin İslam değerleriyle yatışmakta olan belli bir usülü varmıştır.
Kahvehane, o dönemde bir nevi sosyal medya rolünü üstlenmiştir ve sadece
5th International Student Symposium
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�Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret Hikayesinde…
erkeklerin toplandıkları mekan olmuştur. Halbuki, kentleşmenin neticesi olarak
kahvehaneler daha çok çarşılarda kurulmaya başladı, içine alköl, kumar oyunları
vd. olumsuz unsurlar girmiştir. Bunun sayesinde erkekler akşam yemeklerinden
sonra kahvehanelerde toplanarak kötü alışkanlıklara bağımlı kalıp ailelerinden
uzak boş vakitlerini geçirdiklerinden dolayı aileleri ihmal edilmiş oldu.
Karakoç’un "Masalarda oyun oynanıyordu. İlkin bunun ne olduğunu anlamakta
güçlük çekti ölüler. Sonra her biri kendi mizacına göre yorumladı, bir anlam
verdi gördüklerine. Fakat ortak kanıları, bunun, kahveye gelişin dükkanlardaki
işleriyle ilgili olduğu tahminleri doğruladığı yönündeydi. Öyle yai bir şeyler
alınıp, bir şeyler veriliyordu. Hayaller alınıp satılıyordu. Ellerdeki kağıtlar da
senetler, faturalar ya da ticarete ilişkin belgelerdi." (Karakoç 1979:128) sözleri o
dönemdeki kahvehanelerine tutulan ayna olarak oranın görüntüsü birebir
göstermektedir.
Kahveden sonra diritilen ölüler camiye döndürdüler yüzlerini. Camiye
yaklaştığında ölü bir sessizlik içinde kapkaranlık buldular. O ana kadar
gördüklerinden bu en kötümser belirti oldu. Hatta onlardan biri şehrin üzerine
felaketin ineceğinden korktuğu için arkadaşlarına şehri terketmelerini
emretmişti. Cami; kasabada bir merkezi bünye ve orada yaşayan toplumun
ruhunun aynasıdır. Camiyi ya da mabedi yalnız bırakan ve terkeden toplum,
kendi ruhunu, Tanrı'yla ilişkisini, varoluş garantisini terk ettiği anlamına
gelmektedir. "Cami, toplumun kalbidir. Oraya dokunulamaz. Caminin aldığı bir
yara, kalbin aldığı bir yaradan farksızdır. Camilerimizle ayakta duruyoruz"
(Karakoç, 1979:522-523) Nasıl kalbi yaralı olan birey kendini zar zor hayatta
tutuyorsa cami de terketmiş bir toplum helak olmasına eğimlidir. "Cami İslam
medeniyetini doğurgan kurumdur. Denebilirse ana rahmi" (Karakoç, 1979:25)
Sayed Hussain Nasr müslümanların yaşadıkları kasabada bulunan tüm
müesseseler caminin uzantısı olduğu ve gölgesinde kurulduğunu
belirtmektedir.
Ziyaret hikayesinde son mekan unsuru şehirdeki evlerdir. Adeta, ölüler evlerde
umut meşalesini bulacaklarını düşünmüşlerdir, halbuki beklentileri kendilerini
aldatmıştır. Aslında dışarıda gördükleri evlerde olup bitenlerin yansımasından
başka bir şey olmamıştır. Çünkü bir organizma için hücre her ne ise, toplum için
de ev odur. Evdeki ilişkiler sağlıklı ise, konuşulan verimli ise, herkes belli bir rolü
üstlenip onu hakkıyla ifa ederse, böyle bir hayat tarzının uzantısı evin dışında da
hissedilecektir. Ziyaret hikayesinde, ölülerin bacalardan, açık pencerelerden,
kapı aralıklarından süzülerek girmeleri, onların metafiziksel boyutu göstermekle
beraber, dışarıdan farklı etkenlerin eve girmesine müsait olduğunu da
simgelediği kanaatindeyiz. Ziyaret hikayesindeki, "ölülerin ellerinde bir defter
vardı ve o defterin bir sayfasına yeni bir şey yazmakla, bir haber geçmekle
yükümlüydüler de, her sayfa çevirişte, ya yırtık ya kirli ya eçiş büçüş karamalarla
dolu odluğu gerçeği yüz yüze gelmenin acı yürek burkunutusuyla sarsılıyordu.
Temiz bir sayfa bulmak umuduyla, sayfa çevirmeyi çabuklaştırıyorlar". (Karakoç
1979:130) Bu cümleden Tanrı elçileri vaziyetinde olan ölüler için bir umut
alevciği ne kadar önemli olduğu, onun üstünde o toplumun kurtulmasına sebep
olacak o umut alevciğini bulmak için ellerinden geleni yapmalarını okumaktayız.
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�Kemal Čedić
Kentte tüm evleri aynı durumda bulduklarından sonra bu toplum helak
olmasına mahkum olduğun sonucuna varmaktadırlar. İslam kaynakları
perspektifinden yazarın böyle bir tespiti yapması dikkate değer, çünkü Kur’an
bir toplumda ıslahını isteyen ve onu gerçekleştirmek amacıyla elinden geleni
yapan biri varsa o toplumun helak olmayacağını vaad etmektedir. Hikayeden ev,
ev hayatı, aile ilişkileri bir toplum için son sığınak olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Bundan dolayı hkayede mekan unsurlarının sıralamasında ev kastten son yer
almaktadır.
SONUÇ
Ziyaret hikayesi bir toplumun geleneksel hayatının değişmesini ve bu
değişmelerin değerler ölçeğine yansımasını fantastik bir olay etrafında
kurgulamıştır. Hikayenin arka planında bir toplumun kasabadan kente geçişi
olduğu için, kurgusunda mekan unsurunun önemli bir rol üstlendiği ifade
edilebilir. Ziyaret hikayesi, yoğun anlatımı içerisinde çeşitli mekan usurlarını
barındırmaktadır. Her mekan belli bir değişmeye uğramıştır. Ancak Ziyaret
hikeyesinde Sezai Karakoç mekanın uğradığı fiziksel değişmeleri öne
çıkarmaktan ziyade insanların o mekanla ilgili ilişkiler ve ona karşı davranışları
vurgulamaktadır. Mekan sadece mekansal manada bir değer ifade etmez. Ancak
insanların ona yüklediği değer ile bir nalam kazanır. Sezai Karakoç böyle bir
sonuç çıkarmamızla yetinmeyip insanların özellikle cami gibi kutsal mekanlara
karşı davranışlarının, onların ruhlarını yansıtan bir ayna olduğu mesajını verir.
İç veya dış mekan, ne olursa olsun, insanların bağlandıkları, etkileşim içinde
oldukları bir bağlamdır. İnsanı bağlamı dışında algılamaya çalışmak en azından
kusurlu bir eylemdir. Ziyaret hikayesinden, insanların kent, kahve, cami, ev gibi
sürekli bir nevi iletişimde bulundukları mekanlarda iç dünyasının resimleri
yansımaktadır.
Ziyaret hikayesinde iç mekanların sıralaması kurgusu için fazla önem
taşımamaktadır. Ölülerin şehre indikten sonra ilkin kahveye girmeleri
şartlandırıcı değildir. Karakoç, bu sıralama yoluyla bir toplumun bağlamındaki
iç mekanlardan hangisinin ilk olarak olumsuz etkenlere maruz kaldığını ifade
etmektedir. Bir toplumun kahvesine kart oynama gibi olumsuz alışkanlıkların
girdiği farzedildiğinde toplumun bünyesinde bozulmaların meyadana
geleceğini tahmin etmek zor değildir. Lakin evlerde değerler üzerine kurulu bir
iletişim devam ederse, o zaman o toplumun dokusundaki yara ilaçlar yoluyla
tedavi edilebilir. Ziyaret hikayesinde olduğu gibi ev kahveden farksız ise o
zaman o toplumun durumu soru işareti altındadır.
KAYNAKÇA
Altun F., Modernleşme Kuramı, Küre, İstanbul 2005.
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�Sezai Karakoç’un Ziyaret Hikayesinde…
Andı E., “Beton Duvarlar Arasında Açan Çiçek”: Modern Kente Ve Kentleşmeye
Karşı Erdem Bayazıt’ın Şiiri“, FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri
Dergisi, 1, 2013.
Cevizci A., Paradigma Felsefe Sözlügü, Paradigma Yayınları, İstanbul 1999.
Ediz, İsmail. “Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’in İlk Yıllarına Kahvehaneler Ve Sosyal
Değişim”, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Dergisi, 2008.
Haşim A., “Müslüman Saati“ http://www.burhandergisi.com/butunyazarlar/122-misafir-yazar2/1500-mueslueman-saati.pdf, Burhan Dergisi, 2014.
Karakoç S., Dirilişin Çerçevesinde, Diriliş Yayınevi, İstanbul 2000.
Karakoç S., Meyda Ortaya Çıktığında, Diriliş Yayınevi, İstanbul 1979.
Karakoç S., Sütunlar I, Diriliş Yayınevi, İstanbul 1979.
Karakoç S., Kıyamet Aşısı, Diriliş Yayınevi, İstanbul 1979.
Kısakürek N., Çile, Büyük Doğu Yayınları, İstanbuş 1977.
Oraliş M., Yalnızlıın Mekânsal Topografyası, Bellek, Mekân, İmge, İstanbul:
Multilingual Yayınları, İstanbul 2006.
Ulusoy K., „Türk Toplum Hayatinda Yaşatilan Kahve Ve Kahvehane Kültürü
https://turkcetarih.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/T%C3%9CRKTOPLUM-HAYATINDA-YA%C5%9EATILAN-KAHVE-VE-KAHVEHANEK%C3%9CLT%C3%9CR%C3%9C3.pdf , Milli Folklor 23(89), 2011.
Yazici N., Halikarnas Balıkçısı’nın Eserlerinde Tabiat, Türk Tarih Kurumu
Basımevi, Ankara 2002.
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�5th International Student Symposium
Why Is Switzerland Better Off Out of The
European Union?
Sabina Komić
International Burch University
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
sabina.komic_1996@hotmail.com
Abstract: Since the establishment of the European Union, many
European countries have applied for its membership to increase
the economic growth and negotiating power, as well as to
enhance different regulations and rules. The main purpose of this
study is to investigate why Switzerland never applied for the
European Union membership. The investigation is performed by
analysing different economic indicators of Switzerland,
presented as advantages or disadvantages. The study also
explains how Switzerland trade with the members of the
European Union and exchange its goods and services even if it is
not the Union’s member. The focus of the study is set on the
economic and political stability of the country that make it
attractive when it comes to the foreign direct investment which
positively affects the economic growth. The economy of
Switzerland mainly depends on the service sector that is highly
developed, as well as on the manufacturing industry based on
educated people who know how to use high-technology. The
study highlights the power of Swiss franc, known as a safe haven
for investment. Data retrieved from research articles, reports,
and books used for this study confirm the power and
competitiveness of Switzerland's economy even though it has not
joined the European Union.
Proceedings|2018
Keywords: Switzerland,
European Union, economic
indicators, The Single
Market.
Article History
Submitted: May 20, 2018
Accepted: July 11, 2018
�Why is Switzerland better off…
INTRODUCTION
1.1 About Switzerland
Switzerland, also called Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic located in
Central Europe. It is widespread on the total area of 41,285 km2 and it shares 1,882
km-long borders by 5 countries: Italy (740 km), France (573 km), Germany (334
km), Austria (164 km), and Liechtenstein (41 km). This federal republic consists
of 26 cantons and each of these cantons is considered as a federal state with the
capital city Bern. The biggest city is Zurich and other big cities are Genève, Basel,
Lausanne, and Chur. The population of Switzerland constantly increases.
According to the census in 2010, Switzerland had 7,8 million people, but today it
has more than 8,4 million citizens where 24,7% of them are foreigners such as
Germans (4,3%), Italians (3,7%), Portuguese (3,2%), French (1,5%), and others
(12%). An average population density is around 195 people per square kilometer
(“Switzerland”, n.d.).
Switzerland is known as the world’s happiest country based on its legal system
(neutral and democratic country that follow the rules and regulations),
psychological factors (highest life expectancy 80.4 years for men and 84.7 years
for women), armed neutrality (Swiss has not been in a war since 1815), and all
economic indicators such as GDP and GDP per capita that will be later on
discussed in detail. All of these things positively affect the standard of living in
Switzerland and enable the country and its citizens to prosper from that. Because
of this, Switzerland is very secured and attractive country that has huge potential
to even more improve its economy, stability, and status of the country (“7 reasons
why Switzerland is the happiest country in the world”, n.d.).
1.2 Switzerland’s economy
Switzerland is known as one of the biggest economic competitors not just in
Europe but the whole world as well. It is based on three sectors: primary
(agriculture), secondary (industry), and tertiary (services). Primary sector is not
so developed and it is supported by the government. 10% of the population is
employed in this sector in order to produce corn, wheat, all sorts of vegetables
and dairy goods. In secondary sector 40% of the population is employed. This
sector is mostly based on electrical engineering, metals, and machine industry.
The most important sector for the Switzerland’s economy is tertiary sector where
is 50% of the population employed and 74% of Switzerland’s GDP is generated
by providing the services. In this sector, tourism, banking, and insurance services
are most developed (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, 2017).
The trade between Switzerland and other countries, especially European once
constantly increases. The main exporting products in 2017 were: metals ($84.6
billion), medicaments ($70.3 billion), machines including PCs ($23.7 billion),
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�Sabina Komić
watches and their parts ($20.2 billion), and so on. The total value of exports was
$299.6 billion (Workman, 2018).
In the same year the most imported products in Switzerland were: precious
metals ($89.9 billion) pharmaceuticals ($28.7 billion), machinery ($18.9 billion),
vehicles ($15 billion), organic chemicals, mineral fuels, medical articles, furniture,
etc. The total value of imports was $268.5 billion. This tells us that Switzerland
trades very well because it is in the trade surplus (its export is higher than its
import). The main Switzerland’s partners for the trade are countries: Germany,
United States, China, India, France, and United Kingdom (Workman, 2018).
When it comes to the foreign direct investment (FDI), Switzerland is very
attractive country to the investors. There are many reasons for that for example:
- A great location of Switzerland (gateway for many countries)
- Modern and developed infrastructure that encourages economic growth
- High GDP per capita Switzerland’s citizens are able to spend huge amount of
money
- Well educated and high skilled labor force
- Enforced laws such as Swiss Code of Obligations, the Cartel Law, and the
Securities Law
- Political stability
- Tax incentives, and so on.
There are only two threats for FDI. The first threat is related to the big
competition in Switzerland that requires from companies to invest huge amount
of money in research and development in order to beat competitors and earn
money. Because of this, Switzerland is sometimes called an epicenter of global
competition. The second threat is that Switzerland has many regulations and
rules that are enforced through the single market of the European Union such as
quality of ingredients, labelling of the products, and so on. As a result of many
advantages FDI in Switzerland reached the highest value of $70.4 billion in 2015.
The main investors in Switzerland are countries: The United States, Netherlands,
and Luxembourg (“Switzerland: Foreign Investment”, n.d.).
1.3 Switzerland’s trade agreements
All of these exchanges of goods, services, and capital would not be achieved if
the trade agreements do not exist. These agreements have an aim to reduce the
trade barriers as well as to improve the business links within the countries in
order to increase the liberalization and economic growth of involved countries.
Switzerland’s location is in the center of Europe and countries that are members
of the European Union (EU) surround this country. These countries impacted
Switzerland that became the member of the Organization for European Economic
Cooperation (OEEC) in 1948. The goal of this organization was to reconstruct the
economy and increase the cooperation between countries using funds from the
Marshall Plan. Later on, OECC was renamed to the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD), and finally it became the European
Economic Community (EEC). In 1960, the United Kingdom, Austria, Sweden,
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�Why is Switzerland better off…
Norway, Denmark, Portugal, and Switzerland established the European Free
Trade Association (EFTA). The agreement had a purpose to avoid the export and
import customs duties and quotas for the industrial goods produced in
Switzerland and other EFTA members. In 1989, the Insurance Agreement came
into force. By this agreement, all members of the EEC were able to move their
business such as travel insurance services. In the following years, Switzerland
signed different agreements such as Agreement on the Carriage of Goods. The
Bilateral I came into force in 2002. It was mostly concentrated on the free
movement of people. The Bilateral II was signed in 2004 and it had an aim to
increase the cooperation between the countries in fields such as security,
environment, culture, and so on. Later on, Switzerland signed many agreements
e.g. Schengen/Dublin Agreement, Taxation of Savings Agreement, Environment
Agreement, Statistics Agreement, and so on. Most of the Switzerland’s trade
agreements are concluded within the context of the EFTA. There are also some
agreements without the involvement of EFTA, including those with Japan and
China. Switzerland has signed many free trade agreements with different
partners located outside the EU e.g. agreements with Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Turkey, and Singapore. The new agreements are constantly being negotiated for
example MERCOSUR (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, n.d.).
1.3.1 Switzerland and the EU
The EU is one of the biggest economic integrations in the world. It is founded on
the basis of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The Union consists
of 28 member states that have common economic, social, and security policies.
The main achievements of the EU are: ending wars, abolishing the borders
between member countries, ensuring fair and efficient trade based on common
product regulations, the usage of single currency euro, the same external tariffs
and quotas, abolishment of internal tariffs and quotas, fixing prices, ensuring
large customer base, and so on (European Commission, 2018).
Switzerland’s citizens were few times asked whether they would like to become
a member of the EU, but every time they rejected this idea. In 2001 when was the
last census regarding this topic, 76,8% of Switzerland’s citizens said that they do
not want to join the EU. There are many reasons that lead them to vote against
the idea such as Switzerland’s neutrality and conservativeness, independent
banking system, constant economic growth, high standards of living, low
unemployment rate, etc (“Why isn't Switzerland a part of the EU?” n.d.).
Also, other reasons that support the Switzerland wish to be out off the EU are
that this country has strong and very specific political structure. It is one of the
most democratic countries that promote neutrality and respect citizens’ opinions.
Switzerland is also known for its banking secrecy and all of these things are
unfavorable for the joining to the EU (Trampusch & Mach, 2011).
One of the main reasons that keep Switzerland outside the EU is Switzerland’s
currency. As it is many times discussed, thanks to the Swiss franc (CHF) stability
there are constantly some improvements in Switzerland’s economy. The value of
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�Sabina Komić
the Swiss franc rises more than the value of other currencies which makes franc
stronger. This currency is sometimes called is called “safe haven” asset for the
investors (Vallet, 2016)
Even Switzerland is not a member of the EU it is a part of the EFTA. Through this
association Switzerland has signed more than hundred bilateral agreements with
the Union. The most important once were agreements called Bilateral I and
Bilateral II. With these agreements Switzerland achieved the connection with the
EU: people move freely (Schengen zone), trade barriers were abolished, free air
and land transport, recognition of science (research) and youth programs,
security cooperation, and so on. In order to enjoy these privileges, Switzerland is
obligated to respect and follow all the EU laws. Switzerland is also a member of
the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). As a result of all of these agreements,
Switzerland became a part of the EU’s single market (European Commission,
2018).
1.3.2 The EU single market
The single market also called common and internal market was established on
the 1st of January in 1993 on the basis of the European Economic Community
(EEC) that was signed on the Treaty of Rome in 1957. A precondition for a
formation of the single market was an adoption of the White Paper that was
identifying three hundred legislative acts. This led to the creation of the Single
European Act. The market was created by a trade agreement between the
members of the EU, as well as four countries that are not the members of the EU:
Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. These four countries were able
to become a part of the single market because they are involved in the EFTA.
Later on, through the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA),
Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine also became a part of some sectors of the single
market. Turkey has access to the free movement of goods because of its
membership in the European Union Customs Union (EUCU) (“The single market
– The EU’s core task for 20 years,” 2012).
The single market has free movements. The first movement is based on the free
trade of physical goods (import and export). Another free movement is related
to the ability of people to freely choose where they would like to live, study or
work. The free movement of services is third movement that allows non-physical
goods to be performed in other countries (e.g. consulting and call services). The
last free movement is related to the capital where member countries do not have
limits regarding transfer of money. The member countries of this market are
obligated to pay annual fees as a contribution to the EU budget and follow the
rules and laws of the European Court of Justice and European Law (Europedia,
2011).
On the following tables, there are presented some of the advantages and
disadvantages of the single market (“The single market – The EU’s core task for
20 years”, 2012).
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�Why is Switzerland better off…
Table 1. 1 Benefits of the EU single market
PEOPLE WITHIN SINGLE MARKET
BUSINESSES WITHIN SINGLE MARKET
Wider choice of goods and services
Bigger market
Lower prices
Competing on equal terms
No visa
No tariffs and quotas
Products with the same quality standards
Sharing business practices
Erasmus program
Resources availability, cheap labor
Greater ability to find a job
Economy of scale
GDP per household increases
Trade agreements
Table 1. 2 Threats of the EU single market
PEOPLE WITHIN SINGLE MARKET
BUSINESSES WITHIN SINGLE MARKET
Immigrants may be a problem
Strict legislation rules and requirements
Worker mobility is not great as hoped
More competition
Less democracy
Losing opportunities to exploit closer relationships
with non-members
Many countries argue that they have the problems with the immigrations and
overall system that regulates this movement of people. Switzerland is not one of
the countries that see the immigrants as a threat. The country uses all of its
foreigners (25% of citizens) for the improvement in its social and economic
situation in a way to fill the occupations for which natives are in a short supply.
Also, there is a huge number of educated immigrants that are recognized as
highly skilled workforce. The most important thing that immigrants bring to the
working environment is diversity that has a positive impact on the productivity
and efficiency of every business. Many foreigners start their business in
Switzerland which are very successful for example Nestlé (Afonso, 2004).
Before the signing the agreement between Switzerland and the EU, Switzerland
was more attractive to low skilled workforce. But after 2002, Switzerland became
a center for well-educated and skilled people. This happened because the
interests of these immigrants were respected and security has reached a higher
level. All immigrants had their work contracts that provide to them many rights.
The inflow of the immigrants positively affects the investment per household as
well as the overall consumption (Stalder, 2010).
As a result of the single market, both parties (EU and Switzerland) have benefits.
The proof is that Switzerland is the EU’s 3rd largest trading partner and the EU is
Switzerland’s largest trading partner (78% of Switzerland’s trade is conducted
with the EU). On the following bar charts are presented the export and import
values for the trade in goods and services between Switzerland and the EU as
well as balance of trade in billions of euro in 2016 (European Commission, 2018).
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Figure 1. 1 Trade in goods between the EU and Switzerland
Retrieved from:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-andregions/countries/switzerland/
Figure 1. 2 Trade in services between the EU and Switzerland
Retrieved from:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-andregions/countries/switzerland/
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�Why is Switzerland better off…
Nowadays, Switzerland's economy is based on international cooperation that has
started in 2017 and it will last until 2020. This cooperation has seven strategic
objectives, and it takes place on three levels while involving networking with
many partners. The first level is operational level with purpose to implement
projects and programs. The second level is political dialogue (engaging in
dialogue with other governments on their reform programs and policies). The
last level is multilateral level which is influencing international dialogue and
policies through participation within key international organizations (Federal
Department of Foreign Affairs, n.d.).
1.4 Economic indicators
The economic indicators forecast and measure the economic performance of the
countries. The most important macroeconomic indicator is gross domestic
product (GDP). It is defined as the market value of all final goods and services
that are produced within one country in a specific period of time. This economic
indicator takes into account all kinds of goods and services and people
willingness to pay for that. The most frequently, GDP is measured for three
months or for a one year. It is calculated as a summation of investment,
consumption, government purchases, and net exports (export – import). Real and
nominal GDP are the two types of this indicator. While calculating real GDP
constant base-year prices of all final goods and services are being used. On the
other side, nominal GDP uses current prices of these goods and services and it
does not reflect any increase/decrease in prices. Because of that, real GDP is more
accurate economic indicator. When economists compare one country’s
performance with another country’s performance they mostly use GDP per
capita. When we divide GDP by the total number of one country’s citizens we
will get GDP per capita. The next economic indicator that may be used to
measure one country’s economic performance is the inflation rate. The inflation
rate is a percentage of overall increases of prices in comparison with previous
year(s). In order to calculate this indicator, the GDP deflator must be determined.
GDP deflator is a measurement of the price level. When we divide nominal GDP
by real GDP and multiple these by 100, we will get GDP deflator. After that, we
will subtract GDP deflator in year 1 from GDP deflator in year 2, divide this by
GDP deflator in year 1 and multiple by 100. By this way, we will get the inflation
rate in year 2. As a popular economic indicator, economists also used
unemployment rate. We can calculate this rate when we divide the number of
unemployed people by the total labor force (employed + unemployed people)
and multiple by 100. By this way, we will get the percentage of one country’s
citizens that does not have a job. As additional indicators, economists may use
average gross salary, export growth rate, interest rate, balance of trade, human
development index, and so on (Mankiw, 2011).
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METHODOLOGY
A literature search for this paper was conducted using different online resources
(Google, Google Scholar, and Elsevier), information from Data World Bank
(www.data.worldbank.org), and Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (www.oecd.org), and books. The keywords used for data search
and collection were “Switzerland”, “European Union”, “Economic Indicators,”
and “The Single Market”.
The aim of such research was to examine the all studies published before January
2018, regarding the economy of Switzerland in order to see whether
Switzerland’s economy improves from year to year. Data comparison was used
for different economic indicators of Switzerland and some EU’s member
countries in different years, to help us understand why Switzerland is better off
out of the European Union.
Inclusion Criteria
Studies that were considered for this paper had to contain the report on different
economic indicators of Switzerland: GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate,
inflation rate, export growth rate, and average gross salary.
Exclusion Criteria: Non-English language articles and duplicate data
RESULTS
3.1 GDP
Figure 3. 1 Switzerland’s GDP (US$ billions) from 2000 to 2016
Table 3. 1 Switzerland’s GDP (US$) from 2000 to 2016
YEAR
GDP (US$ billions)
2000
256.829
2001
266.121
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�Why is Switzerland better off…
2002
274.769
2003
276.76
2004
289.555
2005
301.741
2006
337.617
2007
375.576
2008
402.151
2009
400.819
2010
415.654
2011
444.549
2012
462.615
2013
486.239
2014
506.895
2015
527.16
2016
534.903
Figure 3.1 and Table 3.1 show Switzerland’s GDP from 2000 to 2016 expressed in
billions of dollars. In this period of time, GDP constantly incresed and there was
just one small decrease from 2008 to 2009 because of global financial crises. Based
on this data, we can say that some or even all the components of GDP have
increased. This also tells us that the overall economy of Switzerland improves
from year to year.
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�Sabina Komić
3.2 GDP per capita
Figure 3. 2 Switzerland’s GDP per capita
In Figure 3.2 it is shown how the value of GDP per capita has changed from 1990
to 2016. If we follow the line we will se constant increase of the vale of GDP per
capita until the global financial crises. That year GDP per capita slightly
decreased, but after that it continues to grow. Even the number of citizes in
Switzerland increases, the country’s economy constantly follows the trends and
this is a huge advantage for the country.
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�Why is Switzerland better off…
Figure 3. 3 GDP per capita of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland from 2008 to
2016
Figure 3.3 compares GDP per capita of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland from
2008 to 2016. If we follow these two lines we can easily see that GDP per capita
of Switzerland is much higher than GDP per capita of Austria and Germany. This
tells us that Switzerland’s economy is more developed and it has better results
than Austria and Germany.
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3.3 Inflation rate
Figure 3. 4 Inflation rate with GDP deflator (%) of Switzerland from 2010 to
2016
The inflation rate of Switzerland slightly flucutates as it is shown in Figure 6.
Those increases in the percentage of inflation rate are not huge and because of
that the overall increases of prices is not significat. This is very benefical for
Switzerland’s economy.
3.4 Unemployment rate
Figure 3. 5 Unemployment rate of Switzerland and Germany from 2008 to 2016
expressed in percentages
Figure 3.5 shows the comparison between unemployment rates of Switzerland
and Germany from 2008 to 2016. Germany, a member country of the EU and one
of the most developing countries in this Union, had during some years even
higher unemployment rate than Switzerland. In the period of financial crisis,
Germany had two times more unemployed people than Switzerland. In case of
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�Why is Switzerland better off…
Switzerland’s unemployment rates, they are quite constant and always around
4%.
3.5 Export growth rate
Figure 3. 6 Export growth rate (%) of Switzerland from 2012 to 2016
Figure 3.6 shows the increase in export growth rate (%) of Switzerland in the
period of time from 2012 to 2016. In these four year, Switzerland has exported a
huge amount of goods and services and every year this country just increases its
export, there are no declines which is very good.
3.6 Average gross salary
Figure 3. 7 Average gross salary ($) of Switzerland in 2012, 2014, and 2016
In Figure 3.7 is shown how an average gross salary in Switzerland increases from
year to year. From 2012 to 2014 the average gross salary have increased for 602
dollars and in the next two years, this salary have increased for 642 dollars. Based
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�Sabina Komić
on this we can say that every two year, average gross salary increases for 600
dollars which is a huge advantage for Switzerland’s citizens because the inflation
rate does not increases this much.
DISCUSSION
While 28 countries joined the European Union to improve their economy, there
are still some countries that are in the process of the application for the
membership of this Union. Switzerland is not one of the member countries or
applicants to become a member. As a federal republic known as a third most
developed and richest country in the world, Switzerland based its success on the
regulations, monetary security, highly educated and skilled workforce,
attractiveness for foreign direct investment, tourism, easiness of doing business,
and so on. Because of its constant improvements and achievements, Switzerland
is known as one of the biggest competitors in Europe and the whole world as
well.
Through the free trade agreements and membership in the single market, it
became the EU's 3rd largest trading partner. By this way, Switzerland exports its
goods and services across borders while paying much less annual fees than it
should pay if it was a member of the EU. While it cannot permit the immigrations,
the country use foreigners to fill the occupations for which natives are in short
supply. Also, there are highly-skilled immigrants that bring diversity and
expertise to the Swiss economy. As a result, the country increases its productivity
and salaries grow as well.
Switzerland from year to year boosts its economy because export value increases
from year to year and GDP and GDP per capita increases as well. GDP per capita
does not increase so much in countries that are members of the EU (e.g. Austria)
as much as it increases in Switzerland. In comparison with Germany that is one
of the most powerful and developed countries that are members of the EU,
Switzerland has much lower unemployment rate that is always around 4%. An
average gross salary in Switzerland increases and this is huge advantage for the
country because its inflation rate is not increasing. The only declines that
Switzerland had in its economy were in time of the global financial crises, but
these declines were not significant because Switzerland improved them in the
following years. As a result of all of these economic indicators that are considered
as an advantage for Switzerland, the living standard in this county is high, and
human development index is 0.939.
CONCLUSION
Based on all of these previously mentioned economic indicators I can conclude
that Switzerland improves its economy from year to year. There are no significant
declines that would negatively influence the stability of Swiss economy. Thanks
to these facts, Switzerland is declared as one of the biggest trade competitors in
the world. The export of goods and services from this country constantly increase
while import values are much lower and this creates trade surplus. This country
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�Why is Switzerland better off…
has no need to join the EU because Switzerland already does business very well
as a neutral, sovereign and democratic country. While it operates as a nonmember of the EU, Switzerland saves a lot of money that would be obligated to
give to the EU if became a member. It is much cheaper for Switzerland to pay just
for the membership of the EU single market and the country uses this
opportunity. Also, Switzerland has signed a lot of free trade agreements with an
aim of strengthening its connection with other countries. As long as Switzerland
has low unemployment, constant trade surplus, high living standard, and stable
currency there is no need for such a country to join the EU. Switzerland is
currently better off out of the European Union.
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https://data.oecd.org
Stalder, P. (2010). Free migration between the EU and Switzerland: impacts on
the Swiss economy and implications for monetary policy. Swiss Journal of
Economics and Statistics, 146(4), 821-874.
Switzerland’s
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Retrieved
from:
The World Bank Data. Retrieved from: https://data.worldbank.org
Trampusch, C., & Mach, A. (Eds.). (2011). Switzerland in Europe: Continuity and
change in the Swiss political economy. Taylor & Francis.
Vallet, G. (2016). The role of the swiss franc in Switzerland’s European
stance. Research in International Business and Finance, 38, 35-44.
Workman D. (February 1, 2018) Switzerland’s Top 10 Imports. Retrieved from:
http://www.worldstopexports.com/switzerlands-top-10-imports/
Workman D. (March 20, 2018). Switzerland’s Top 10 Exports. Retrieved from:
http://www.worldstopexports.com/switzerlands-top-10-exports/
5th International Student Symposium
31
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5th International Student Symposium
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PUBLISHER Faculty of Education and Humanities, International Burch University
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International Burch University
Author
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BEĆIROVIĆ, Senad
Brdarević-Čeljo, Amna
DUBRAVAC, Vildana
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2018
Keywords
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Book
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AC Collections. Series. Collected works,L Education (General)
-
https://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/d170f26e47d4e87a2d9208c9412691f8.pdf
600e89353aac4c89260b3c2ee7db8877
PDF Text
Text
God. 1, Br. 1 (2015/16)
Book of Abstracts
2015/2016
Publications Office
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
�BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Publication Office (2015 – 2016), Sarajevo, BiH
Publisher: International Burch University
Editor: Ajdin MEKIĆ
Printed by: International Burch University
Circulation: 15 copies
Place of Publication: Sarajevo
Copyright: International Burch University, 2016
ISSN: 2566-4670
International Burch University
Francuske revolucije bb
Sarajevo
Tel. +387 33 944 400
Email: info@ibu.edu.ba
1
71 210 Ilidža,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Fax +387 33 944 500
Web: www.ibu.edu.ba
�I PART: Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences
2
�THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON
EFFECTIVENESS OF NGOS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Ali Coskun
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ali.coskun@ibu.edu.ba
Hasan Metin
University for Business and Technology Pristina
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of leadership and organizational culture on organizational
effectiveness of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). In the study, after a comprehensive literature
review, an empirical study by means of a survey questionnaire has been conducted to find out the effect
of leadership and organizational culture on effectiveness. In the study, organizational culture is
conceptualized as motivational climate within the organization, the atmosphere that relies on trust and
confidence and willingness of members to take responsibility and the leadership is analyzed in terms of
being democratic, respecting others, being participative in decision making and taking risks when
necessary. The effectiveness of NGOs refers to the achievement of the previously set objectives, using
benchmarking as an indicator, and diversifying the sources of revenue. The results obtained from the
survey show that organizational culture and leadership both have positive effects on effectiveness of
NGOs.
Key words: Effectiveness, Leadership, NGO, Organizational Culture, Volunteerism.
3
�THE MICROFINANCE TALE: THE BRIGHT AND DARK SIDES OF THE
NARRATIVE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA EXPERIENCES (CHAPTER 17)
Ali Coskun
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ali.coskun@ibu.edu.ba
Zehra Mahmutović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zehra.mahmutovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
In recent years, microfinance institutions have gained great attention and were described as the most
“attractive” mode of financing for developing nations. Inspired by a quote that, “You start thinking
about the beginning once you arrive at the end,” this study attempts to rewind and provide a brief
revision of the microfinance system within the developing settings of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The
whole story traces back to the deepest convictions of Muhammad Yunus, a Bangladeshi banker, that
the right to get a loan should be included in the sequence of basic human rights as well as his
contribution to the poverty reduction challenge through the establishment of Grameen Bank (the bank
for the poor) in 1976. Today, when we all are witnesses that his idea was pretty sustainable, and are
tirelessly discussing it as the greatest innovation of the last century, there is a necessity to draw a
comparison between the initial idea and its realisation, and decipher to what extent the realisation is
consistent or not. In this study, we inspected whether microfinance institutions have “turned back” from
their original mission of providing financial support for small entrepreneurs, based on the experiences
of the clientele in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a developing country in Southeast Europe (SEE). Furthermore,
it seeks answers for the open question: has the initial idea of fighting poverty become a stumbling block,
making the poor even poorer, or a work-only solution for the enormous rate of unemployment in Bosnia
and Herzegovina?
Key words: Microfinance, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Microcredit Organisations (MCOs), Poverty,
Debt, Developing, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
4
�BEHAVIORAL FINANCE PERSPECTIVE ON MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING
UNDER RISK IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Ali Coskun
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ali.coskun@ibu.edu.ba
Amra Halaba
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Decision making is the most important and the most difficult task that managers perform. On the other
side they are most of the time confronted with risk and uncertainty, especially in banking industry.
Objective of this study is to examine how managers of commercial banks performs this task, by putting
it in the perspective of the newest findings from Behavioral finance field. Behavioral finance is based on
premise that decision makers behave less than fully rational. Due to their deeply rooted human nature
managers are prone to make decisions based on subjective evaluation of available options, relative to
certain reference point and to current state of wealth, and also according to their personal interests
which may contradict bank`s, industry`s and social welfare`s. Specifically, this study explores role of
heuristics, biases and intuition in decision making, through concise review of existing literature.
Importance of the study is in a fact that commercial banks are simultaneously the most important
industry for country`s economic development and stability and the most submissive industry to the risk.
Owing to systematic nature of risk generally in financial markets, any irregularity in one country`s
banking industry will eventually reflect on other countries and is able to make ground for crisis. Study
will contribute to better understanding of managerial perception of risk and their behavior under risk,
which is primarily useful for architects of banks` corporate governance and banks` regulative. As we will
see, setting identical option in two different frames leads to different decisions, which opens up
possibilities to construct an environment in such a manner that decision makers are naturally led to
make decisions that are in the best interest of all stakeholders involved.
Keywords: Behavioral Finance, Decision Making, Risk in Banking, Commercial Bank
5
�MACD - ANALYSIS OF WEAKNESSES OF THE MOST POWERFUL TECHNICAL
ANALYSIS TOOL
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Due to the huge popularization of the stock trading amongst youth, in the recent years more and more
of trading and brokerage houses are trying to find a one ‘easy to understand’ tool for the novice
traders. Moving average convergence divergence seems to be the main pick and unfortunately
inexperienced traders are relying on this one tool for analysis and trading of various securities. In this
paper, I will investigate the validity of MACD as the ‘magic wand’ when solely used in investment trading
decision making. The main limitation of this study is that it could be used more widely across industries
and various sizes of companies, funds, and other trading instruments.
Keywords: Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD); Technical Analysis; Signal and Profit
Relation; Stock Market Trading; Profitability
6
�BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A DEVELOPING MARKETS STOCK EXCHANGE
MERGERS: CASE OF A BORSA ISTANBUL AND SARAJEVO STOCK EXCHANGE
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Whether due to mentality or the lack of investment ‘culture’, but people in the Balkans have certain
repulsion towards investing in financial instruments offered by the local exchanges. Based on the public
opinion one can conclude that most of the people are reluctant to invest in the financial instruments
because they can’t rely on the trustworthiness and credibility of the local exchanges, due to corruption
scandals, misconduct and wrongdoings that happened in the recent history. Since its inception, Sarajevo
Stock Exchange has been suffering from extremely low volume and poor investment liquidity that in the
end resulted with choppiness and overall instability in the market. Turkey’s main stock exchange, Borsa
Istanbul, which is 80 times larger than SASE, has openly expressed interest in direct cooperation with
Sarajevo Stock Exchange and that strategic move can certainly reduce or even eliminate problems local
investors face. This study examines the effect of benefits and costs of the cooperation between Borsa
Istanbul and Sarajevo Stock Exchange (SASE). Multiple facets of the benefits and costs are examined
and their effect on the macro and micro scale. Macro effects of the raising stake of Borsa Istanbul in
SASE include effects on government, municipality and overall economic level, while micro effect is the
direct effect to the ‘end-consumer’, a small investor. The secondary data will be used in analysis of
benefits to costs with the side by side comparison and eventual derivation of the Benefit/Cost ratio
(BCR) that will test the hypothesis that benefits highly outweigh the costs in this cooperation. The
research shows that raising the stake of Borsa Istanbul in SASE will bring a new level of professionalism
and trust in a corruption and unprofessionalism ridden SASE. In addition Borsa Istanbul will open new
market horizons to investors from Bosnia and as an outcome we should see and increase in market
liquidity, trading volume and even the BDP of both countries.
Keywords: Emerging Stock Markets, Cross Listing, Stock Market Merger
7
�LIMITATIONS AND INCONSISTENCIES OF STANDALONE USAGE OF
STOCHASTICS INDICATOR IN STOCK TRADING
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Elvisa Buljubašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elvisa.buljubasic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Due to the huge popularization of the stock trading amongst youth, in the recent years more and more
of trading and brokerage houses are trying to find a one ‘easy to understand’ tool for the novice traders.
The purpose of this study is to analyze one of the ‘magic tools’ of trading called Slow Stochastics.
Authors plan to examine limitations and inconsistencies when using Stochastics as a sole determinant
of investment decisions. Slow Stochastics or simply Stochastics indicator seems to be the one of the
main picks and unfortunately inexperienced traders are relying on this one tool for analysis and trading
of various securities. Secondary data will be used to analyze the signal strength and profit relation using
regression and paired sample t-test. The outcome of the study was that Stochastics indicator is highly
unreliable due to a very weak coefficient of determination hence the tool should be used only when
coupled with other technical analysis indicators. The main limitation of this study is that it could be used
more widely across industries and various sizes of companies, funds, and other trading instruments. On
the other side, future researches could use this study as a base line for deeper analyses of Stochastics
as well as creation of the custom made or industry specific indicators.
Keywords: Slow Stochastics, Technical Analysis, Signal and Profit relation, Stock Market Trading,
Profitability
8
�IMPACT OF HIGHER EDUCATION SERVICE QUALITY ON STUDENT
SATISFACTION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LOYALTY: FOCUS ON FIRST CYCLE
OF STUDIES AT ACCREDITED HEI IN BH
Emina Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
emina.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Ensar Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between higher education service quality and
student loyalty through student satisfaction. Secondary goals are to examine influence of each five
dimensions individually on student satisfaction, effect of perceived value on student satisfaction and
impact of student satisfaction on loyalty. Eight variables are identified from the literature and survey
will be developed accordingly. For all variables, there are previously developed scales which are
validated by many researchers and highly reliable. For purposes of analyzing methodology, Structural
Equation Modeling will be applied. Direct, positive, and significant effect is expected to occur between
all relationships in the proposed model. Main limitations that might occur while implementing this study
are related to insufficient response rate and time limits.
Keywords: Higher Education, Service Quality, Satisfaction, Loyalty
9
�THE IMPACT OF THE RUSSIA-GEORGIA WAR IN SOUTH OSSETIA AND THE
GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE EXPORT OF GEORGIA
Ahmet Sekretar
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ahmet.sekretar@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Russia-Georgia conflict in South Ossetia caused a war in 2008 and during the same year Georgia had
struggled to the quickly-following global financial crisis. The researcher tries to estimate the economical
loss of the export of Georgia due to Russia-Georgia war however existing of the global financial crisis
at the same time period is imposed on researcher to analyze two important events together. The war
lasted only five days but politics and economy of Georgia were affected seriously. This war caused on
no serious damage of country’s infrastructure however it resulted in critical damage in terms of industry,
construction projects, tourism, agriculture, and export. This paper aims to find out the effects of the
Russia-Georgia war in South Ossetia and 2008 global financial crisis on the export of Georgia by using
statistical and econometric analysis.
Keywords: Russia-Georgia War, Financial Crisis, Export
10
�MEASURING THE EFFECT OF TRADE OPENNESS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENT IN CASE OF GEORGIA
Ahmet Sekretar
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ahmet.sekretar@ibu.edu.ba
Azer Dilanchev
Abstract
In contemporary world it have been accepted that entrepreneurship is one of the main life-force of
modern economic growth. It became extensively researched and an important concept in academic
society. The Georgian government has been trying to encourage entrepreneurship development by
supporting the development of small and medium enterprises in the country, conducting liberal reforms,
and encouraging openness for doing business. The contribution of trade openness on economic growth
has been the subject of several theoretical and empirical studies in the economic literature. The purpose
of this paper is to investigate and empirically reveal the importance of trade openness on
entrepreneurship development in case of Georgia.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Trade openness, Economic growth
11
�WHAT DETERMINES POST-IPO MARKET PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM
TURKISH IPOS
Ahmet Sekretar
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ahmet.sekretar@ibu.edu.ba
Fatih Macit
Selver Seda
Esra Simsek
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the determinants of the short-run post-IPO market performance of IPO
stocks for Turkish markets. We looked at various firm specific accounting and IPO related variables
namely the ratio of operating profit to total sales, the ratio of total debt to total assets, IPO size, public
float, the ratio of shares that are purchased by foreign investors, and the market value to book value
ratio. We find that IPO size appears to be the most important variable in determining the post-IPO
market performance of IPO stocks. Large IPO's tend to have a better post-IPO market performance.
Besides that firms with a larger debt ratio are expected to show a better performance in the short-run.
It is seen that as public float increases IPOs tend to show a poorer performance.
Keywords: Post-IPO performance, Turkish stock market
12
�REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE BALKAN REGION
Teoman Duman
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
teoman.duman@ibu.edu.ba
Merdžana Obralić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
merdzana.obralic@ibu.edu.ba
Erkan Ilgün
Uğur Ergun
Abstract
This edited volume brings together original scientific studies on current economic and developmental
issues in the Balkan region, and is composed of papers by 25 authors from seven different countries.
The Balkan region has gained significant interest in recent years due to its location and strategic
position, representing a doorway to Europe, and the region’s stability and progress have direct
consequences on various European countries. Because of this strategic position, there is currently much
debate regarding a potential partnership of the Balkan states with the European Union. This book offers
insights into the current economic and developmental status of the countries in this region, offering a
series of chapters that analyse the area from a variety of perspectives. It begins with a discussion on
the recent history of the region, especially with reference to the former Yugoslavia and its break-up
after the turbulence experienced in 1990s. Other sections are complementary to each other in that they
offer comparisons of the Balkan states in their economic progress at the micro and macro levels. Topics
such as European integration policies and effects, economic transition, regional trade, tax incentive
policy, regional capital markets, regional development agencies and systems, remittances and foreign
aid contributions, import-export policies, fiscal policies, analysis of regional microfinance, and the
tourism sectors are explored in detail throughout the book
13
�IMPACT OF LEASING PERFORMANCE FACTORS ON CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION; EMPHASIS ON VB LEASING
Merdžana Obralić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
merdzana.obralic@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Ljeskovica
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Main objective of this study is to identify key Leasing performance factors that influence customer
satisfaction in VB Leasing and other leasing companies. On the basis of literature review, eight
independent and one dependent variable have been identified, and specific measuring items were
developed accordingly. Structured survey was prepared on the basis of mentioned measuring items to
measure related variables, and it was used as main instrument in this study. Survey has been sent in
online form to clients of VB Leasing via e-mail and social networks. Out of 250 managers who received
the survey, 200 respondents completed it which gives response rate of 80%. Responses were analyzed
using descriptive statistics in excel, but main methodology was regression analysis using SPSS. The
findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between Processing Speed (PS), Form
Simplicity (FS), Image of Leasing Company (CI), Communication with Company (CC), Annuity Ammount
(AA) and Grace Period (GP) on Customer Satisfaction (CS). On the other hand, there is no relationship
between Interest Ammount (IA) and Down Payment (DP) with Customer Satisfaction (CS). Research is
completed in one company operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) and it is suggested for future
research to do the study considering more companies, to test more different independent variables and
do the research in all cantons of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entity Republic Srpska and
District Brčko. Main objective of this study is to identify key Leasing performance factors that influence
customer satisfaction in VB Leasing and other leasing companies. On the basis of literature review, eight
independent and one dependent variable have been identified, and specific measuring items were
developed accordingly. Structured survey was prepared on the basis of mentioned measuring items to
measure related variables, and it was used as main instrument in this study. Survey has been sent in
online form to clients of VB Leasing via e-mail and social networks. Out of 250 managers who received
the survey, 200 respondents completed it which gives response rate of 80%. Responses were analyzed
14
�using descriptive statistics in excel, but main methodology was regression analysis using SPSS. The
findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between Processing Speed (PS), Form
Simplicity (FS), Image of Leasing Company (CI), Communication with Company (CC), Annuity Ammount
(AA) and Grace Period (GP) on Customer Satisfaction (CS). On the other hand, there is no relationship
between Interest Ammount (IA) and Down Payment (DP) with Customer Satisfaction (CS). Research is
completed in one company operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) and it is suggested for future
research to do the study considering more companies, to test more different independent variables and
do the research in all cantons of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entity Republic Srpska and
District Brčko.
Keywords: Leasing, VB Leasing, Performance, Customer Satisfaction
15
�THE IMPACT OF VIRTUALIZATION AND CLOUD COMPUTING TO MODERN
BUSINESS
Merdžana Obralić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
merdzana.obralic@ibu.edu.ba
Aida Habul
School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
aida.habul@efsa.unsa.ba
Miza Habul
The Audit Office for Institutions of FBiH Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dario Frimel
School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing application of information technology in modern business and life in general,
virtualization and cloud computing are new solutions designed to increase the level of system
abstraction and degree of utilization of computer performance. New technologies offer the flexibility,
the ability to adapt workloads resources and to realize cost savings of IT infrastructure in terms of
administration and support costs. The period when the big companies had a monopoly and control over
resources and information are far behind us and the only companies to survive in the future are „smart
“ companies. This paper defines the terms virtualization and cloud computing and explains its
importance as the challenge of rapid success and growth of the company. Special attention is focused
on the savings and its benefits. The advantages of application virtualization and cloud computing are
numerous only in case they are implemented in the right way, although many managers have doubts
about this technology. The data is obtained through an online survey which was conducted in the
companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as data Forrester Research that determined the current
level of application of virtualization and cloud computing in the world and companies in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Besides, it pointed out the guidelines of the future steps. 80 International Conference on
16
�Economic and Social Studies Application of virtualization and cloud computing depend on the will of
societies, organizations and people in order to understand this concept that deals with many issues and
problems. It is not only knowledge on technology that is enough to solve these issues and problems.
Keywords: Information Technology - IT, Virtualization, Cloud Computing, Intelligent Company, IT
Infrastructure
17
�IMPLEMENTATION METHODS AND TOOLS FOR CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN SME
Merdžana Obralić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
merdzana.obralic@ibu.edu.ba
Aida Habul
School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
aida.habul@efsa.unsa.ba
Dževad Šašić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dzevad.sasic@fu.unsa.ba
Abstract
Economic progress and growth give an incessant impulse to the companies to focus their attention to
the competitiveness in quality beside the price or market value competitiveness. The management
should insist on never-ceasing quality improvement of their products so that the consumers will not turn
to other companies, your competitors, in order to fully satisfy their needs. In order to improve the quality
it is necessary to dispose of data signifying particular presence of quality in the production processes.
By using statistics methods and data may be made easily accessible and prepared for further analysis.
Statistical methods and tools serve as assistance the management may use in order to make decisions
on quality improvement, that is measuring, analysing and improving business processes further on.
With the aim of providing a profound understanding of its use, purpose and goal, this paper gives
empirical analysis of small and medium enterprises in Bosnia –Herzegovina in order to elaborate the
importance and significance of application of these methods and tools.
Keywords: Quality Management, Methods and Tools, Continuous Improvement of the Quality
Management System
18
�EXPLORING THE DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Nataša Tandir
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
natasa.tandir@ibu.edu.ba
Zafer Konakli
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zafer.konakli@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Over the course of the past two decades peripheral European economies in the Balkans and in Eastern
Europe have experienced significant structural changes and have adapted to the global economic
environment. Agriculture and the processing, using and trading of agricultural products play an
important role in their economies. This volume covers several issues facing the contemporary
agricultural sector in these countries, such as the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy of the
European Union, the identification of an opinion leader portrait in agriculture, the characteristics of
using Information and Communication Technologies as tools in the partnerships and internal processes
of enterprises throughout the whole agro-food supply chain, the increased need of small-scale artisanal
food businesses to seek new markets abroad, the perceptions of Greek olive oil importers in the UK, the
barriers that Greek yogurt entrepreneurs face during their export activities, the reasons for the
differences in economic performance and the role of tangible and less tangible factors influencing
development outcomes. It will be of interest to researchers studying economic development,
agricultural economists, businesses active in the primary sector and students of applied economic
analysis.
19
�PERCEIVED SATISFACTION WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE: CASE STUDY
OF GRAS
Nataša Tandir
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
natasa.tandir@ibu.edu.ba
Haris Tandir
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
haris.tandir@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Public service quality is in recent years one of the major challenges for economic analysis. It is due to
the size of companies providing public services as well as to the importance of obtained results both for
companies offering the services and for the public policy creators and administrators. One of the aspects
that can be evaluated is the level of service offered or the supply side. The other side is the perceived
satisfaction with the service quality, which represents the demand side aspect. There is not much
research that analyzes how the passengers perceive the quality of the services. The objective of this
paper is two folded. Firstly, to evaluate the quality of GRAS services from the aspect of users and
secondly to see what needs to be improved in order for non-users or people who rarely use public
transport to become regular users. The information is valuable for policy makers as well as operational
managers in the public transport system. An insight into what users consider as important and how they
perceive existing public transport service can show that investment and improvement of existing service
can really attract new users and keep the existing ones. The data were collected using self-administered
internet mediated questionnaires to the residents of Sarajevo Canton. In total 247 persons answered
the questionnaire. The response rate was above 50 per cent. The results showed that there is wide space
for improvements in service, especially if the company is trying to reach non-users.
Keywords: Public Transportation, Services, Satisfaction
20
�SUPPORTING THE THEORY ON THE POTENTIALS OF IMMOBILE RESOURCES
FOR CREATING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN RURAL AREAS
Nataša Tandir
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
natasa.tandir@ibu.edu.ba
Zafer Konakli
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zafer.konakli@ibu.edu.ba
Sabahudin Bajramović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
For many years rural was associated with population decline, degradation of the countryside,
population aging, gender inequality, increased unemployment and poverty. However, recent research
emphasise that there are peripheral areas that perform good or even better than urban areas which
leads to the concept of “differential performance” between rural areas which exist in relatively similar
conditions related to geography, location, available natural resources, policies, etc. It is obvious that
traditional theories related to rural-urban development processes, cannot explain those performance
differences of rural areas with similar characteristics. In this study the authors are presenting key
aspects of main development theories that can be conected to the development of rural areas. Likewise,
they present the model and significant research efforts supporting the theory on the potentials of
immobile resources for creating competitive advantages in rural areas and possibility for economic
development (also known as Bryden's theory). In this context, immobile resources are including natural,
built, human, social and cultural capital.
Keywords: Rural Development, Theories, Immobile Resources
21
�SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
IN FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA – CASE STUDY
Nataša Tandir
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
natasa.tandir@ibu.edu.ba
Zafer Konakli
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zafer.konakli@ibu.edu.ba
Sabahudin Bajramović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
In Bosnia and Herzegovina some rural municipalities with similar population density are very different
regarding key demographic and economic indicators like migration, unemployment and average wages.
According to the existing studies in Europe the answer for differential economic performance is firstly
in the potential of local community to recognize, strengthen and utilize less mobile assets in the form
of economic, social, cultural and natural capital. Secondly, researchers point to the synergy between
those assets and external networking and using information and communications technology in
reaching new markets and resources. Understanding the reasons for differential economic performance
and more or less competitiveness in rural areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina could thus be a key element
in devising practical strategies and programs for sustainable rural development. This could also
contribute to the programming of Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Rural Development of
Bosnia and Herzegovina in the future. The aim of the study is by comparing the most and least
developed rural municipalities to investigate the reasons for the differences in economic performance,
in particular, to investigate the role of capitals or tangible and less tangible factors influencing
development outcomes. In order to achieve that, the authors have chosen high and low performing
municipalities according to the criteria of population density, rurality and proximity to large city. In
order to have more clear picture, community profiling is conducted and data was collected by surveying
community stakeholders. The analysis showed that in high performing municipality all capitals are
22
�accessible and properly utilized with space for improvement while low performing municipality has
many problems and higher need for change and new strategy of development.
Keywords: Rural development, Community Capitals, Municipality
23
�INFLUENCE OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ON FORMING
COUNTRY IMAGE AND DEVELOPING THE COUNTRY BRAND USING PUBLIC
DIPLOMACY
Mehmet Turker
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmedin@hotmail.com
Zafer Konakli
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zafer.konakli@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Country image and nation branding provide a competitive advantage for small and medium-sized
enterprises in their internationalization. This paper analyzes the influence of Turkish nongovernmental
organizations on forming country image of Turkey and developing the country brand using public
diplomacy in the African continent. The published interviews and statements of Turkish and African
politicians, business people and intellectuals argue that these organizations are effectively using public
diplomacy to create the country brand. This paper focuses on the most active organization, the
Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey (TUSKON) which supports to its members in
communicating with their potential customers in several occasions, and having a differentiating
statement and a competitive advantage by promoting the brand image of the country. This civil society
support is significant, especially for the small and medium enterprises of developing countries, when
considered the weak international image and reputation of these countries.
Keywords: Employers’ Organizations; Internationalization of SME; Country image; Public Diplomacy;
Nation Brand
24
�THE PERCEPTION OF INFORMATIONAL BARRIERS TO THE
INTERNATIONALISATION OF BOTH MICRO-SMALL SIZED AND MEDIUMSIZED ENTERPRISES
Mehmet Turker
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmedin@hotmail.com
Zafer Konakli
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zafer.konakli@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper addresses informational barriers to the internationalisation of small and medium-sized
enterprises. Analysing the survey conducted to the owners of 235 small and medium-sized enterprises
in Turkey, we argue the informational barriers such as inability to contact potential overseas customers,
identifying foreign business opportunities, lack of knowledge of external markets, and different foreign
customer habits and attitudes are key barriers while language differences is not a key barrier. Moreover,
the findings show that all these barriers are positively correlated with each other. The findings also point
out that the perceptions of informational barriers faced by firms are negatively correlated with
company size.
Keywords: Informational Barriers, SME Internationalisation, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
25
�PRIMING THE NATION FOR WAR: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EMERGENCE AND
DISCURSIVE MACHINATIONS OF THE SERB DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN PREWAR BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
Adis Maksić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adis.maksic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This article examines the role of the Serb Democratic Party of Bosnia-Herzegovina (SDS BiH) in the
constitution of Bosnian Serbs as a palpable political group primed for violence, a process that took place
in the two-year period preceding the 1992–1995 Bosnian War. In the November 1990 Bosnian elections,
SDS BiH won a decisive majority of the vote of ethnic Serbs. Yet, SDS was not an ordinary political party.
In the 16 months that followed the elections, it initiated a series of activities that eroded the power of
BiH institutions to which it had been elected. SDS BiH declared its own organs superior to those of BiH
and established exclusive control in Serb-majority areas. In early 1992, it united these areas into a single
Serb Republic, formed an exclusively Serb armed force, and launched a campaign of murder and
expulsion of non-Serbs from the territory under its control. This article examines discursive mobilization
of affective sensibilities of ethnic Serbs as an important aspect of SDS's ability to gain a mass following
of Bosnian Serbs for its ethno-territorial engineering. It offers a discussion of progressive
homogenization of ethnic Serbs by looking at SDS's organizational origins and the evolving rhetorical
strategies in the period from the party's inception until the onset of the war.
26
�PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS IT SECURITY IN ONLINE BANKING BY STUDENTS
OF ALBANIA
Ensar Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Nedim Makarević
Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Pakistan
Abstract
Handling money with no physical contact has been enormously developed in previous decades. However,
developing new methods of handling money transactions online did not mean only new way of
managing money for clients, but new ways of online robbery as well. Possibility of stealing money with
no physical contact and any tangible evidence remaining after that is terrifying for clients. The purpose
of this paper was to analyze perceptions of Albanian students who are using online banking, to provide
insight into their view points and to create important set of information for all subjects active in banking
industry. Results are collected and concluded after preparing survey based on six variables and speci c
questions assigned to each one of those variables. Survey was completed at high response rate. Even
207 Albanian students replied to survey. Results were analyzed and presented using descriptive
statistics. Limitations of this research are relatively small sample and quite generic approach to problem.
Accordingly, suggestions for future researches would be based on going more deeply into the issue and
analyzing larger samples. This research empirically proved that students of Albania were slightly
concerned and careful when dealing with online trans-actions. Since there is gap in literature when it
comes to research dealing with IT-security of online banking in Albania, this article is not only unique,
but it may be stimuli for new research with different approaches in the future.
Keywords: Perceptions, IT security, Survey, Online Banking, Clients, Albania
27
�PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS TOWARDS QUALITY OF SERVICES AT PRIVATE
HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Ensar Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Edin Smajić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Aldina Rastoder
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ekrem Nurović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The main objective of this exploratory study is to provide insights into perceptions of students towards
quality of services at private higher education institution Star, located in B&H. A survey as a main
instrument has been developed, and 448 students participated in the study. Main methodology used
for purpose of data analysis is descriptive statistics. Findings indicated that students are either “slightly
satisfied” or “satisfied” when it comes to nine aspects of quality at higher education Star. The highest
satisfaction level appeared when it comes to “Quality of Academic Staff” which means that this is
definitely one of important strengths of the institution. Even though students are still satisfied with
“Quality of Campus”, the satisfaction level appeared to be lowest compared to their satisfaction with
other variables examined throughout this study. Relevant recommendations for higher education
institution are provided in the conclusion.
Keywords: Quality; Higher Education Institution (HEI); Quality Management; Quality Management
System (QMS); Indicators
28
�THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN FOSTERING INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Nedim Čelebić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nedim.celebic@ibu.edu.ba
Aziz Šunje
School of Economics and Business University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ermin Cero
Abstract
This study researches state of the innovation system in Bosnia and Herzegovina, analyzed through role
of the government in innovation activities. Study was based on combination of quantitative and
qualitative research methodologies. Quantitative research resulted in comparative analysis of
government support to innovation in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the same in Croatia and Sweden,
based on selected groups of indicators. Best suited method that ensures detailed understanding of
complex perceptions of government role in innovation systems within the economy is qualitative
method, therefore the emphasis of this study was on the field research for the purpose of which eleven
semi-structured interviews have been conducted and analyzed. Based on the results of the quantitative
(comparative) and qualitative analysis of the collected data, we can conclude that government support
and involvement in innovation activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost insignificant, and
administrative and legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina are unfavorable for the development of
innovations.
Keywords: Innovation, Innovation Systems, Government, Bosnia and Herzegovina
29
�ROLE OF PERCEPTION IN THE STRATEGIC MAKING PROCESS: CASE OF THE
MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Nedim Čelebić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nedim.celebic@ibu.edu.ba
Aziz Šunje
School of Economics and Business University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dženan Kulović
University of Zenica
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Middle management together with top management plays an important role in some of strategic
decision-making phases. The purpose of the research is to test the theoretical model typology of four
strategic roles by middle management in enterprises underdeveloped markets such as the Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim is to explore the perceptions and knowledge of top and middle
managers and their roles in the strategic decision making. To test the empirical model, examined 135
middle and top managers in 30 medium-sized enterprises in the Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina.
In order to test the stated hypothesis, we used correlation and linear regression as statictical methods.
The study showed that middle and top managers do not have the same perception of the role of middle
management in the strategic decision making. The analysis found that the perception of middle and top
managers and role of middle management in the strategic decision making almost completely wrong.
Keywords: Strategic Decision Making; Middle Management; Medium Enterprises; Delegating;
Perception;
30
�THE IMPACTS OF ETHICAL CLIMATE TYPES ON NURSES’ BEHAVIORS IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Alma Hurić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The performance of nurses has become vital in hospitals. Some studies have suggested that nurses'
perceptions of the ethical climate in their hospitals are related to higher job satisfaction and
organizational commitment and in turn lessen the issue of nursing shortage.
HYPOTHESIS:
(1) The ethical climate types "caring," "independent," "law and code," and "rules" have a significant
positive impact on overall job satisfaction.
(2) The ethical climate types and overall job satisfaction have significant positive influences on
normative and affective and significant negative influences on continuance commitment.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
The study uses path analysis to understand which types of ethical climate impact overall job satisfaction.
It also tries to find the effect of different types of ethical climate and overall job satisfaction on the
components of organizational commitment. The relationships between variables were evaluated using
factor analysis, reliability, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression in this study.
PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT:
A total of 171 useful questionnaires were collected from nurses working in public and private hospitals
in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
31
�ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Formal research approval was obtained from the administration of each study hospital. Questionnaires
with a cover letter were mailed to the hospitals that agreed to participate in the study. In the cover
letter, the researchers explained the study purpose, encouraged nurses' voluntary participation, and
guaranteed the anonymity of participants.
FINDINGS:
In the first path analyses, "rules" and "caring" climates significantly and positively affected overall job
satisfaction. In the second one, while overall job satisfaction and "rules" climate significantly influenced
normative commitment, "caring" climate and overall job satisfaction significantly affected affective
commitment.
DISCUSSION:
The findings of the study have been convenient with the literature.
CONCLUSION:
Public and private hospitals can enhance overall job satisfaction and organizational commitment by
altering the ethical climate of organizations. Hospital administrations should nurture caring and rule
types of ethical climate which influence overall satisfaction. By this way, they could reduce nursing
shortage.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ethical Climate Types; Hospitals; Organizational Commitment
Components; Overall Job Satisfaction
32
�THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL ATTITUDE, SUBJECTIVE NORM, AND PERCEIVED
BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF WOMEN
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Semira Budić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
In the last decade, female entrepreneurship has been identified as one of the most important unutilised
sources of economic growth. Entrepreneurial intention of women has become a key element in
establishing a new business. The factors influencing entrepreneurial intention of women, particularly in
developing countries, have attracted curiosity lot of attention. The purpose of the study is to examine
the relationship between demographic variables, personal attitude, subjective norm, perceived
behavioural control, and entrepreneurial intentions of women in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
A total of 216 questionnaires were collected from women in two big cities in Bosnia: Tuzla and Sarajevo.
Relationships between the variables were evaluated using factor analysis, reliability, correlations,
descriptive statistics, and regression. The findings show a positive and significant influence of personal
attitude and perceived behavioural control on entrepreneurial intention.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Intention of Women, Personal Attitude, Subjective Norm, Perceived
Behavioural Control, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
33
�ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE’S JOB
SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Hamidullah Bayram
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The impact and type of effective leadership has a significant role in the improvement of organizational
performance. This study has been conducted to indicate the importance of transformational leadership
style on employees’ job satisfaction. The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between
transformational leadership and employees’ job satisfaction at private universities in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. A sample of 150 employees responded to a three-part instrument from two private
universities in Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Factor analysis, means, standard
deviations, correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings determined
that a moderate, positive and significant relationship exists between the dimensions transformational
leadership and employees’ job satisfaction for both work of nature and operating condition. This study
suggests that leaders at the private universities should pay more attention to findings new analytical
ways for old problems and describing the demand of followers.
Keywords: Transformational Leadership; Job satisfaction and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
34
�THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ETHICAL CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A STUDY OF NURSES IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Alma Hurić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Aldina Rastoder
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The performance of nurses has become vital in hospitals. Some studies have suggested that nurses'
perceptions of the ethical climate in their hospitals have relationship with higher job satisfaction and
organizational commitment and thus influence organizational performance. Although a plenty of
studies support this relationship in developed countries, there is a scarce empirical evidence in
developing countries. This study tries to examine the relationship among the ethical climate, job
satisfaction and organizational commitment of nurses in Bosnia and Herzegovina which is a developing
and transitional country. 171 useful questionnaires were collected from nurses who are working in
public hospitals. The relationships among variables were evaluated by descriptive statistics and
correlations. The study demonstrated a strong and significant relationship among nurses' job
satisfaction, organizational commitment and ethical climate of hospitals.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ethical Climate, Hospitals, Job Satisfaction, Organizational
Commitment.
35
�THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL
CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF PRIVATE PRIMARY AND HIGH
SCHOOL TEACHERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Hatice Senyurt
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
As a recent modern concept, ethical leadership inspires researchers in many ways. Relations between
ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors, though a new field of study, is a big mine
that requires some digging. The so-called extra-role or pro-social actions of employees is called the
organizational citizenship behavior meaning that whatever extra job they do than what they are
supposed to do is within Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Namely, how the school teacher's
perception of his/her superior's ethical behavior influences the organizational citizenship behavior has
evoked curiosity in the developing country context. This study tries to examine the effects of the ethical
leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of private primary and high school teachers in Bosnia
and Herzegovina which is a developing and transitional country. Data collected from 80 teachers. The
relationship among multiple variables is evaluated on the basis of factor analysis, reliability, descriptive
statistics, correlations, and linear regression. The study showed a positive and strong influence of ethical
leadership on teachers' organizational citizenship behavior in private primary and high schools.
Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Ethical Leadership, Factor Analysis, Correlation,
Regression
36
�THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, GENDER
AND PERFORMANCE IN FINANCE SECTOR
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Azra Prašović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
In today’s competitive business, the performance of employees has become vital in finance sector. Some
studies have suggested that employees’ perceptions of the transformational leadership and gender in
their organizations have relationship with organizational performance. Although a plenty of studies
support this relationship in developed countries, there is a scarce empirical evidence in developing
countries. This study tries to examine the effects of the transformational leadership and gender
perceptions on performance in Bosnia and Herzegovina which is a developing and transitional country.
Questionnaires will be distributed to 150 employees in finance sector. The relationships among variables
will be evaluated by factor analysis, reliability, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finance Sector, Gender, Transformational Leadership
37
�HOW WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND WORK VALUES DIFFER FROM
GENERATION TO GENERATION: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Muzaffer Aydemir
Yildiz Technical University
Turkey
Mehmet Çağlar
Abstract
Today many workers from different generations work together in the same businesses and workplaces.
Since different generations have different characteristics and their expectations from work and life
differ from each other, generational differences make it hard to manage human resources of businesses.
Allocation of human resources plays a key role for an effective human resources management. Thus,
management needs to know expectations and motivators of generational cohorts for an effective
management. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences among
generations, which are " Traditionalist " , " Baby Boomers " , " Generation X " and " Generation Y " , in
their " Work-life Balance " and " Work Values ". A study was carried out in different companies among
842 workers. The data was gathered with a questionnaire. The analysis results briefly show that
generational differences have impact on workers' work values but do not on their work-life balances.
38
�THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG PERSONAL BACKGROUND, PERSONALITY
TRAITS, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENSION
OF WOMEN IN NORTHERN MONTENEGRO
Muhammet Said Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Minela Hadžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Entrepreneurs are imperative for the long-term economic growth of every country. Researchers are
trying to explain how important entrepreneurial intention is by taking different factors in considerations.
This paper will discuss three most important groups of factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of
unemployed women in the north of Montenegro. Based on literature review, those factors are personal
background, personality traits and environmental groups of factors. In this study, focus will be on four
factors from each group which are perceived as most important according to researchers. The study will
provide new framework in this field. The main research focus will be on women since majority of
unemployed people in the north of the country is women whose small proportion is entrepreneur.
Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial intention, Unemployed Women, Montenegro
39
�IMPACT OF A BRAND ON CONSUMER DECISION MAKING PROCESS
Mersid Poturak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mersid.poturak@ibu.edu.ba
Sulejman Hibić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
With the modern development of economics and marketing, brands are having a more important place
in our lives each day. We may neglect it, but we all find brands extremely attractive, whether it is
because they make us feel wealthier or more self-confident, because we think they have a higher quality
than generic ones, or for any other reason. Inspired by this psychological impact of brands on life and
consumers, in this case consumer purchasing, the purpose of this article was to find out whether and
how brands impact consumers’ decision-making processes and do they (and why) prefer branded
products over generic. The data for this article was collected in the form of an online survey. 225
respondents took part in filling out the survey in the period of one month. 125 of the respondents were
male, while 100 were female, all between the ages of 18 to 60. The results of the survey show that there
is a high impact of branding on consumer decision-making processes and their purchasing decisions.
More precisely said, consumers prefer buying branded products to generic for many reasons, and their
choice is affected by the status of the product.
Keywords: Brands, Consumer Behavior, Consumer Decision-Making Process.
40
�EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON BRAND EQUITY AND
BRAND PURCHASE INTENTION: A CASE STUDY ON DOMESTIC BRANDS IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Mersid Poturak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mersid.poturak@ibu.edu.ba
Sumeja Softić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Social media is forming an increasingly central part of how companies communicate their marketing
strategies to their customers. Online communities carry a strong and influential voice, and there is much
to be gained from engaging directly with people through these channels – whether it is reaching and
keeping existing customers or acquiring new ones. In li ght of such positive ground for social media this
study aims to provide an empirical analysis of the impact social media communication has on brand
equity and purchase intention. A systematic literature review has been conducted in order to
understand how the dimensions of social media create word of mouth i.e. electronic word of mouth (EWOM) on social media platforms and how this E-WOM further influence brand equity and customers’
purchase intention of domestic brands in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 320 data sets were generated
through a standardized online-survey and analyzed in SPSS. The results of the empirical study showed
that both firm-created and user generated social media communication influence brand equity,
consequently impacting brand purchase intention.
Keywords: Social Media Communication, E-WOM, Brand Equity, Purchase Intention, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
41
�HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT REVIEW OF WHAT WAS
STUDIED AND WHERE WAS RESEARCHED
Nereida Hadziahmetović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nereida.hadziahmetovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to define the most researched topics and geographical locations and the
most active authors and institutions in Human Capital and Economic Development research area. 317
articles that published between 2007 and 2014 from 5 different journals with Social Scientific Citation
Index (SSCI) were examined. This study also explores relation between research topics and researched
countries and why some topics attracted more attention than others. It is found that some topics and
geographic locations were researched more than others. Authors identified topics that were researched
less or not researched as well as geographic locations. Proposal for future study is discussed according
to results of analysis.
Keywords: Human Capital, Economic Development, Research Topics, Research Geographical Location.
42
�KNOWLEDGE AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT: A SHARED APPROACH TO
IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
Meliha Handžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
meliha.handzic@ibu.edu.ba
Antonio Bassi
Abstract
This book argues that by integrating effective knowledge management (KM) with project management
(PM), the overall project success rate can be improved significantly. It brings together the latest ideas
and research on shared approaches to improve performance based on the research and experience of
academics and practitioners. The structured collection of articles presents novel theoretical approaches
and clear empirical evidence of the value of integrating the two distinct fields. It enables readers to
better understand the need to merge KM with PM and appreciate the benefits. It also offers researchers
an idea of what lies ahead and how to get there, and helps practitioners develop more suitable KM
solutions for successful project outcomes.
43
�KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SELECTION MODEL FOR PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
Meliha Handžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
meliha.handzic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This chapter proposes and empirically tests a contingency knowledge management (KM) selection
model for project management (PM). Essentially, the proposed model posits a mediating role of project
factors in the choice and impact of KM on project success. The evidence from two empirical studies
provide full support for the contingency model and its proposition that the appropriate KM for PM
depends upon project complexity. In particular, the empirical findings show that with increased project
complexity, customer-related intellectual capital (IC) and personalization KM strategy tend to have
greater importance for project success than team or process IC and codification KM strategy. These
findings contribute valuable insights for researchers and provide useful guidance for project managers.
The chapter also suggests plausible directions for further research to address current limitations.
Keywords: Knowledge Management, Project Management, Intellectual Capital, Selection Model,
Project Complexity, KM Strategy, Project IC, Project Success
44
�AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND PROJECT SUCCESS
Meliha Handžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
meliha.handzic@ibu.edu.ba
Nermina Durmić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Adnan Kraljić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Tarik Kraljić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between projectspecific intellectual capital (IC) and project success in the context of information technology (IT) projects
Design/methodology/approach – Using data collected from surveys of 603 IT professionals across a
variety of projects, the authors constructed a structural (structural equation model) model in AMOS to
examine the relationships between three dimensions of project-specific IC (project team, project
customer and project process) and project success Findings – The empirical results support the
proposition that IC has a positive impact on project success, and thus may be a good indicator of future
projects’ performance. More importantly, the authors found out an important mediating role of a
project’s structural capital (process) in exploiting its human (team) and relational (customer) capital for
realising project success. Research limitations/implications – Interpretation of current results should be
considered in light of the following methodological limitations: convenient rather than systematic
sampling, use of previously untested measures and prevailing European subjects. Practical implications
– These results suggest that project-based organisations need to invest heavily in their project
45
�workforce talent and then translate it into superior project practices in order to produce successful IT
projects. They also need to maintain close relationships with their project customers and involve them
during the entire project process. Originality/value – The current empirical evidence extends the
understanding of the role of IC in improving project success and thus helps project-based organisations
create and maintain competitive advantage in emerging economies.
Keywords: Project Management, Surveys, Knowledge Management, Intellectual Capital, Empirical
Study, Project Success
46
�A CONTINGENCY APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: FINDING
THE BEST FIT
Meliha Handžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
meliha.handzic@ibu.edu.ba
Muhammed Kürşad Özlen
Nermina Durmić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
A contingency perspective of knowledge management recognises the need for a fit between knowledge
management solutions (KMS) and decision making contexts which they support. In order to determine
the best fit, a field survey was carried out to investigate the impact of two different types of KMS
(technical and social) on decision makers’ behaviour and performance in different decision contexts
(simple and complex). The results provide partial support for the contingency view. As expected, the
study identified social KMS as the best fit for complex contexts, based on subjects’ superior performance
from comparable adoption of both KMS. In contrast, the study identified that both KMS were an equally
good fit for simple contexts, based on similar levels of subjects’ performance, but social KMS was
preferred in terms of adoption. These findings contribute to much needed empirical evidence for
research and provide useful guidance for practice. However, their limitations warrant further study.
Keywords: Contingency Perspective, Decision Context, Decision Performance, Knowledge Management
Solution (KMS), Knowledge Processes
47
�KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT MEETS HUMANITIES: A CASE STUDY OF
DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE VISUALISATION
Meliha Handžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
meliha.handzic@ibu.edu.ba
Senada Dizdar
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the role of knowledge management (KM) in the
humanities. With rapidly increasing quantities of digital humanities data, there is a growing need for
new KM methods for analysing and presenting big data. At the same time, humanities have to tackle
the task of interpreting KM interventions on such data and their value for answering humanities
research questions. Responding to the above challenges, this study was carried out to examine whether
and how valuable visualisation of historic diplomatic letters was for interpreting and understanding the
political context in which they were sent.
Design/methodology/approach – The research was carried out via focus group methodology. Firstly, 16
study participants completed individual visualisation exercises using several digital tools. These
exercises involved identifying and recording the date, origin and destination places of 120 diplomatic
letters known as " borderers' letters " ; transforming these data into larger categories (countries,
centuries); and presenting such classified digital data visually in the form of tables, graphs and maps.
Secondly, the participants were divided into 2 focus groups where they discussed what they had learnt
from their visualisation experience. Group notes were taken and analysed for content.
Originality/value – The study made two valuable contributions. Firstly, it opened up a new line of
research that should benefit both KM and the humanities. More generally, it suggested that the
increased scale of digital artefacts might offer new exciting possibilities and challenges for future
scholarship in KM and different arts and sciences. Secondly, the study provided some positive
preliminary evidence of the value of KM for the humanistic research and training. Specifically, in the
case of diplomatic correspondence, the study showed how visualisation of the frequency, geography
and timing of diplomatic letters could serve as a barometer of international relations.
48
�Practical implications –This study implied that visualisation might change the nature of interaction and
sharing of insights among historians and other humanities scholars. In 11th International Forum on
Knowledge Asset Dynamics 1446 particular, the study suggested that spatial and temporal maps could
tell a good story. However, these implications need to be interpreted with caution due to a number of
limiting factors. Among these are: specific set of diplomatic letters, small sample size, and subjective
choice of visualisation software. Future research is recommended to address these limitations and
extend current research to other KM initiatives and their applications in other scholarly disciplines.
Keywords: Knowledge Management, Humanities, Visualisation,Diplomatic Correspondence, Focus
Group
49
�HETEROSKEDASTICITY CONSISTENT COVARIANCE MATRIX ESTIMATORS IN
SMALL SAMPLES WITH HIGH LEVERAGE POINTS
Mehmet Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmet.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Esra Şimşek
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of high leverage observations on the performances
of prominent and popular Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimators (HCCMEs) with
the help of computer simulation. Firstly, we figure out high leverage observations, then remove them
and recalculate the HCCMEs without these observations in order to compare the HCCME performances
with and without high leverage points. We identify high leverage observations with the Minimum
Covariance Determinant (MCD). We select from among different covariates and disturbance term
variances from the related literature in simulation runs in order to compare the percentage difference
between the expected value of the HCCME and true covariance matrix as well as the symmetric loss
function. Our results revealed that the elimination of high leverage (high MCD distance) observations
had improved the HCCME performances considerably and under some settings substantially, depending
on the degree of leverage. We hope our theoretical findings will be benefited for practical purposes in
applications.
Keywords:
Heteroskedasticity-Consistent
Covariance
Estimation, MCD, Monte Carlo, Simulation, Loss Functions
50
Matrix
Estimator, HCCME, Robust
�ETHICAL AND SYSTEMIC DILEMMAS OF CREDIT RATINGS
Mehmet Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmet.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Hami Sakab
Harun Yükselc
Abstract
Criticism of credit rating processes and the practices of major credit rating agencies (CRAs) peaked
following the latest global financial crisis. Therefore, this study reviews the relevant literature, details
the credit rating mechanism, and examines the criticism surrounding the three largest credit agencies:
Standard & Poor’s Financial Services (S&P), Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s), and Fitch Ratings. This
study also focuses on the serious moral problems involved in credit rating processes and procedures and
calls for more effective oversight of CRAs as well as the establishment of enforcement mechanisms. The
overall purpose of this study is to present proposals that can mitigate such criticism and oversee the
healthy and timely conduct of credit rating operations. The credit rating processes of Greece, Ireland,
and the Republic of Cyprus, which were among the hardest hit by the global financial crisis, are
specifically examined (using macroeconomic indicators) in order to highlight the problems of the ratings
system. This study concludes by offering solutions to a number of identified problems, foremost among
them being the small number of dominant players and the inaccuracies of the ratings.
Keywords: Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs), Global Financial Crisis, Sovereign Ratings, S&P, Moody’s, Fitch
Rating, Conflict of interests
51
�BLACK SWAN STICKING OUT IN TURKISH BANKING SECTOR
Mehmet Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmet.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Hasan Gocen
Halit Akturk
Abstract
This article explores different aspects of an extraordinary event in Turkish banking sector: politically
motivated seizure of Bank Asya by the state. We present how political motives play a key role in such
an exceptional expropriation ignoring pillars of economic freedom. The attitude of the governing Justice
and Development Party (AKP) on democratization path of Turkey is presented for further elaboration to
bring revealing insight. Financial statement of Asia Participation Bank Inc. (Bank Asya) is detailed to
indicate absence of economic ground for seizure. Our analysis on Bank Asya along with references to
similar events and their repercussions point out possible severe legal enforcements against government
authorities with political more than justice concerns and prejudgment.
Keywords: Bank Asya, Seizure, Financial Statement, Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency,
Savings Deposit Insurance Fund
52
�II PART: Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences
53
�CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE DETECTION USING RANDOM FOREST
CLASSIFIER
Zerina Mašetić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zerina.masetic@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background and objectives
Automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat classification is substantial for diagnosing heart failure.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of machine learning methods in creating the model which
classifies normal and congestive heart failure (CHF) on the long-term ECG time series.
Methods
The study was performed in two phases: feature extraction and classification phase. In feature
extraction phase, autoregressive (AR) Burg method is applied for extracting features. In classification
phase, five different classifiers are examined namely, C4.5 decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, support
vector machine, artificial neural networks and random forest classifier. The ECG signals were acquired
from BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure and PTB Diagnostic ECG databases and classified by applying
various experiments.
Results
The experimental results are evaluated in several statistical measures (sensitivity, specificity,
accuracy, F-measure and ROC curve) and showed that the random forest method gives 100%
classification accuracy.
Conclusions
Impressive performance of random forest method proves that it plays significant role in detecting
congestive heart failure (CHF) and can be valuable in expressing knowledge useful in medicine.
54
�Keywords: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), Autoregressive (AR) Modeling,
Machine Learning, Random Forest
MALICIOUS WEB SITES DETECTION USING C4.5 DECISION TREE
Zerina Mašetić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zerina.masetic@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The technology advancement poses the challenge to the cybercriminals for doing various online criminal
acts, such as identity theft, extortion of money or simply, viruses and worms spreading. The common
aim of the online criminals is to attract visitors to the Web site, which can be easily accessed by clicking
on the URL. Blacklisting seems not to be the successful way of marking Web sites with the “bad” content,
considering that many malicious Web sites are not blacklisted. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the
ability of C4.5 decision tree classifier in detecting malicious Web sites, based on the features that
characterize URLs. The classifier is evaluated through several performance evaluation criteria, namely
accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve. C4.5 decision tree classifier achieved
significant success in malicious Web sites detection, considering all four criteria (accuracy 96.5,
sensitivity 96.4, specificity 96.5 and area under the curve 0.958).
Keywords: Malicious Web Sites, blacklisting, URL, C4.5 Decision Tree
55
�SENSOR FUSION FOR SOLAR CAR ROUTE OPTIMIZATION
Mehrija Hasičić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehrija.hasicic@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Bilić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.bilic@ibu.edu.ba
Harun Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
harun.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper focuses on sensor data management in the Solar Car Optimized Route Estimation (SCORE)
system which is currently being developed. The data collection is split into two phases: the a priori phase
related to the environment and the real time phase related to the solar vehicle. The hardware and
software architecture for a priori phase is illustrated in detail, while the real time phase is discussed as
a part of the embedded car computer. The full system description for SCORE is presented with guidelines
for the future work and implementation of it.
Keywords: Vehicle Routing, Sensor Fusion, Solar Energy, Electric Vehicles, Geographic Information
System, Navigation
56
�MURDER ON THE EINSTEIN EXPRESS AND OTHER STORIES
Harun Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
harun.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Explores the boundaries of science and fiction in a refreshingly unconventional fashion. Includes stories
of various fictional genres that incorporate topics from mathematics, physics and computer science.
57
�OTPORNOST BETONSKIH KONSTRUKCIJA NA POŽAR
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Knjiga je namijenjena studentima građevinskih i arhitektonskih fakulteta na predmetima iz oblasti
otpornosti konstrukcija na požar u prvom dijelu, a u drugom dijelu izučavanju ponašanja i dokaza
nosivosti betonskih konstrukcija pod dejstvom požara na predmetima iz oblasti betonskih konstrukcija.
Takođe je namijenjena i stručnjacima iz prakse u cilju razumjevanja problematike, ali i uputstava kako
provjeriti i dokazati nosivost betonskih elemenata i konstrukcija izloženih dejstvu požara.Ovo je tim
važnije, jer evropske norme za proračun konstrukcija - Eurokodovi, obavezno zahtijevaju dokaz nosivosti
konstrukcija na požar, pa čak i propisi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Međutim, autor u svojoj dugogodišnjoj
praksi do sada nije vidio nijedan projekat konstrukcije koji sadrži ovakav proračun, osim ukoliko je rađen
u naučne ili posebne svrhe, pa čak ni primjenu najjednostavnijih tabelarnih metoda.
Požar se može desiti bilo kada i bilo gdje. Uzimajući u obzir da naše objekte gradimo za eksploatacioni
vijek 50, 100 ili 200 godina, velika je vjerovatnoća da će ti objekti prije ili kasnije biti izloženi požarnom
dejstvu. U tom smislu, a i u skladu sa važećom regualtivom, obavezni smo dovesti požarno razmatranje
konstrukcije u istu ravan sa seizmičkim dejstvima i dejstvima vjetra i snijega na konstrukciju. Ovo nas
obavezuje da u konstruktersku proračunsku projektantsku praksu, u sklopu projektne dokumentacije
obavezano uvedemo dokaz otpornosti na požar (kod svih objekta gdje postoji rizik od pojave požara).
Pararelno se mora djelovati i u području izvođačke prakse.Uzimajući u obzir da je vrlo malo literature i
knjiga iz ove uže oblasti općenito, a posebno u regiji i Bosni i Hercegovini, cilj ove knjige je da
stručnjacima i studentima pomogne u razumjevanju važnosti ove problematike, kao i rješavanju
konkretnih problema. U tom smislu, u knjizi su obrađene tri metode u svijetu za provjeru otpornosti na
požar betonskih elemenata i konstrukcija, sa jednim brojem konkretnih radnih primjera nakon svake
metode.
58
�OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
INDUSTRIAL HALLS WITH MAIN GIRDERS “I TYPE” ACCORDING TO
EUROCODE 2 FOR SERVICEABILITY AND DURABILITY
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Husein Okugić
Abstract
Research focus of this paper are stresses in reinforcement and tendons, stresses in concrete, deflections
and cracks of the prestressed girders of “Type I”. The goal is to optimize the span of such girder for the
same amount of reinforcing steel and tendons. Crack widths that are larger than permitted can cause
deterioration of the structure (steel corrosion, leakage of liquid or gas) while the large deflections can
compromise the functionality and appearance of the structure. Serviceability Limit State (SLS) is a
condition in which construction ceases to meet the specific requirements of serviceability (deflection,
crack width). In order for industrial halls to satisfy requirements for safety, deflections and cracks must
be within acceptable limits during the service life of the structure.
59
�COMPARISON OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS AND
GANTT CHART APPROACH IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Omar Kapetanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
omar.kapetanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Sarina Šabotić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Bračković
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Gantt charts are commonly used in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a planning basis for the construction of
engineering and architectural structures. Although very simple and transparent in everyday use, they
have a range of shortcomings. The main disadvantage of a Gantt chart is lack of interdependence
between individual activities. Interdependence is established subjectively, based upon empirical
experience of planners or project managers. Therefore, it is difficult to perform correct managerial
decisions, which ultimately leads to serious of problems in the implementation of the project,
construction delays, and even waste of resources, including suffering of contractual penalties. Critical
path analysis establishes dependencies between activities in the implementation of the project, which
leads to a sequence of activities on the critical path, as well as the identification of activities that can
have a float in project implementation. Based on this technique, it is possible to make appropriate
60
�managerial decisions and intervene in a technically and managerial correct manner, based on the
performance data. This paper and the conclusions of the analysis on four case studies will justify the
application of the critical path analysis versus Gantt chart planning in project management.
Keywords: Planning, Gannt Chart, Critical Path Analysis, Project Management
61
�STRAW – CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL OF HISTORY AND FUTURE,
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Maja Popovac Roso
University Dzemal Bijedic Mostar
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Climate change entails a change of lifestyle. People all around the globe are struggling with the impact
of climate change. Construction industry in total spends 45% of the energy and 50% of materials, which
directly influences the carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation in the atmosphere. Sustainability and energy
efficiency of buildings is assessed not only on the quality of thermal insulation and energy consumption,
but also on the basis of primary energy demand, CO2 emissions reduction and ecological characteristics
of the materials used. Straw is a material that received considerable attention as a natural, energy and
environmentally sustainable material in the last period of building sustainable creation. Using straw as
a construction material creates conditions for reducing application of other building materials, whose
properties or production process can have a negative impact on the environment. This research analyzes
and presents the straw as a building material in terms of sustainable architecture, but also about its
mechanical properties and fire resistance in terms of structural engineering, which all contribute to the
implementation, protection and potential of this construction material for socio-economic development
of Bosnia and Herzegovina and inclusion in modern trends of sustainable development.
Keywords: Straw, Straw-Bale, Sustainable Building, U-value, Fire Resistance
62
�OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF MAIN GIRDERS OF "TYPE A"
FOR THE PREFABRICATED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INDUSTRIAL HALLS
FOR SERVICEABILITY AND DURABILITY ACCORDING TO EC2
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Husein Okugić
Abstract
Research focus of this paper are stresses in concrete, reinforcement and tendons, cracks and deflections
of the prestressed girders of “Type A” in order to optimize the span of such girder for the same amount
of tendons and reinforcing steel. Serviceability Limit State (SLS) is a condition in which construction
ceases to meet the specific requirements of serviceability (deflection, crack width). The large deflections
can compromise the functionality and appearance of the structure. Crack widths that are larger than
permitted can cause deterioration of the structure (steel corrosion, leakage of liquid or gas). Deflections
and cracks must be within acceptable limits during the service life of the industrial halls for their safety
and durability.
Keywords: Serviceability Limit State, Stress, Crack, Deflection, Prestressed Girder
63
�JAJCE – TOWN OF SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN NATURE AND BUILT
ENVIRONMENT-ST. LUKA’S TOWER - ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL
LANDMARK
Omar Kapetanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
omar.kapetanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
City of Jajce have emerged and developed from prehistoric times, developing unique connection with
environment which had a great influence on built heritage. From that symbiosis of given and created
conditions both cultural and historical very significant and diverse heritage has been preserved. Jajce
represents unique phenomena of medieval city which had kept a lot of his authenticity. Remains of
previous cultures date back to Roman period. Cultural monuments from different historical periods
represent valuable elements of urbanism and architecture formed in collaboration with natural
environment and they build strong Genius Loci. This unique phenomena has been recognized and listed
as part of world heritage of all human race. In that manner Jajce as a city should be perceived and
treated in further development.
Keywords: Jajce, Cultural Heritage, Historical Heritage, Architecture Urbanism, Otoman period, AustroHungarian period, Genius Loci
64
�UTICAJ DEBLJINE POKROVNOG SLOJA BETONA NA OTPORNOST NA POŽAR
ARMIRANOBETONSKIH PLOČA PREMA EUROCODE 2
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Hamdo Mešić
University of Bihać
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The analysis presented in this paper considers fire resistance of the RC slabs as the most fire sensitive
RC elements depending on the thickness of concrete cover. The fire resistance of the uniaxial simply
supported slabs has been analyzed by variation of span, slab depth, concrete class and concrete cover,
according to the Eurocode 2 methods. By establishing the correlation of thickness of concrete cover and
concrete properties as material and RC slabs, it is feasible to achieve optimal and rational design
solutions, aiming to increase their fire resistance. This paper shows that fire resistance of concrete slabs
is a direct function of the applied design selections in determination of slab depth, area and
arrangements of reinforcement, concrete cover and actual construction issues at the site.
Keywords: Armiranobetonska ploča, Otpornost na požar, Pokrovni sloj betona
65
�APPLICATION OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY PRINCIPLES IN ARCHITECTURAL
ORNAMENTS AND THE USE OF FRACTAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARES FOR
RECONSTRUCTION OF ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENTS
Emina Zejnilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
emina.zejnilovic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Kargić
University of Travnik
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The fractal geometry is a relatively new research subject in theory of architecture, but its principles are
in use for centuries. Among the witness are numerous architectural masterpieces around the world and
various ornaments found in different cultures, which have been inevitably subjected to changes and
damages caused by numerous factors. It was common practice that partially lost ornaments were either
reconstructed according to the existence of equal or similar ornaments in another object, or according
to the existing drawings from that period upon which the restorators based their knowledge and skills.
This paper investigates the presence of fractal geometry principles in architectural ornaments of the
Persian architecture, suggesting it as a possible tool in providing solutions for very accurate
reconstruction of damaged samples. Methodology used is the analysis of specific ornaments plates was
the box counting technique via fractal analysis software.
Based on the obtained data, this paper aims to investigate and conclude the adequacy and possibilities
of application of fractal analysis softwares in the reconstruction of architectural ornaments, especially
in problematic cases where there is no relevant data for quality reconstruction by using traditional
techniques.
66
�CULTURAL REFLECTIONS ON ARCHITECTURAL SPACE: THE CASE OF SINGLE
RESIDENTIAL UNIT
Emina Zejnilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
emina.zejnilovic@ibu.edu.ba
Erna Husukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
erna.husukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Focus of this paper is the "environmental quality profile" as Rapoport defines the architectural response
to the mentioned particular system of cultural settings. It offers an insight into the correlation of cultural
mechanisms that influence creation of space and visual experience, through discussion of central space
in housing architecture. Examples of single residential units within different cultures of Islamic societies
are analyzed, aiming to underpin the correlation between the space and social modus operandi that
deem that space necessary. Impact of religious and cultural beliefs related to social dynamics of living
on the physicality of architecture is explored as well as the necessity of central spaces for positive visual
and spatial experience. Central space as the focal point of the house is interpreted from architectural,
social and religious aspects. Additionally, being that the correlation between architecture and culture
is reciprocal, a reflection is made on how architectural space and decisions support, influence, and
change social dynamics.
67
�MOTIVATION OF ENGINEERS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Ahmed El Sayed
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ahmed.elsayed@ibu.edu.ba
Ismail Hakki Demir
Sakarya Üniversitesi
Turkey
Abstract
Engineers and workers in construction industry suffers from the lack of motivation, which generally
cause late in project submission, conflicts in work, and depression, as well as changing the workplace
more often. This paper reviewed the lack of motivation of engineers in Construction Industry based on
reviewing case studies worldwide. Studies proved that generally the lack of communication between
directors and workers, as well as the human development factors that are related to the age of workers
plays a major factor in the level of satisfaction. This papers concludes that a new motivation approach
to Engineers in Construction Industry should be created and used, and such approach should include
more factors that affects the motivation of Engineers.
Keywords: Motivation, Needs Theories, Construction Industry, Human Behaviour, Job Satisfaction.
68
�CHARACTERISTICS OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS
IN THE WEST BALKANS: A FIRST REPORT
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Monia Avdić Ibrišimović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Sanja Jakovac
Sveučilišna klinička bolnica Mostar
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Borka Tutiš
Maja Ostojić
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are among the major causes of nosocomial infections and represent
a growing problem in many European countries. Among the most common enterococcal isolates,
Enterococcus faecium is considered to be the reservoir of VanA and VanB-mediated resistance to
glycopeptides. Enterococci with VanA-mediated resistance can transfer resistance genes to other
enterococci and gram-positive bacteria. Hence, monitoring and surveillance of vancomycin-resistant
enterococci (VREs) are crucial for the prevention of the spread of glycopeptide resistance. No reports
69
�have yet been published that document the resistance rates and typization of VREs in the region of
Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Croatia. In this study, 64 clinical enterococcal strains that were
isolated in clinical centers, Mostar, Sarajevo, and Zagreb, were studied and findings regarding
characteristics of vancomycin-resistant strains found in the West Balkan region are reported for the first
time. All of the strains were identified using conventional phenotypic methods, and the resistance to
glycopeptides was determined using the disk diffusion method, Vitek 2, and genotypic Enterococcus
assay. The results of genotyping showed that 40 strains were identified as VREs (30% Enterococcus
faecalis and 70% E. faecium), while the sensitivity of the phenotypic methods was 87.5%. Furthermore,
VanA and VanB resistance types were found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, with slightly higher
prevalence of the latter (72.5%) over the former (27.5%).
Keywords: Enterococcus, VRE, Genotyping, Resistance
70
�A NOVEL HYBRID CONTOURING CONTROL METHOD FOR 3-DOF ROBOTIC
MANIPULATORS
Tarik Uzunović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
tarik.uzunovic@ibu.edu.ba
Eray A. Baran
Sabanci University
Turkey
Edin Golubović
Sabanci University
Turkey
Asif Šabanović
Sabanci University
Turkey
Abstract
A novel controller for three-dimensional contouring control of three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF)
robotic manipulators is presented in this paper. The proposed controller comprises of an independent
joint controller, designed in the configuration space, and a sliding mode controller that enforces desired
dynamics for the tracking error projections to the Frenet-Serret frame. Therefore, the presented
controller has a hybrid structure and it is named as hybrid contouring controller. In this paper, contour
tracking with constant magnitude tangential velocity is discussed. Reference trajectory is generated
using the time based spline approximation in order to provide a smooth reference path. The proposed
hybrid contouring controller was experimentally compared with the independent joint controller that is
designed in the acceleration control framework with disturbance observer. Experimental results,
undertaken on a delta robot, showed that hybrid contouring controller outperforms independent joint
control architecture.
71
�Keywords: Contouring Control, Hybrid Contouring Controller, Coordinate Transformation, Frenet-Serret
Frame, Acceleration Control, Disturbance Observer, Sliding Mode Control, Spline Approximation,
Robotic Manipulator
72
�EMBEDDED AUTOMATIC SCHEDULING SYSTEM
Damir Bilić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.bilic@ibu.edu.ba
Tarik Uzunović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
tarik.uzunovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper describes an embedded system for the automation of scheduling systems such as school bells,
factory shift changes, military drills etc. The system consists of two parts: a remote node used for remote
control and setup of the system and the real time actuator node which controls a physical object, for
example, a bell system. The hardware and software structure are illustrated in detail for both parts of
the system through the implementation as an automatic school bell system.
Keywords: School bell system, Embedded system, Automated bell system
73
�FORCE CONTROL OF PIEZOELECTRIC WALKER
Tarik Uzunović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
tarik.uzunovic@ibu.edu.ba
Edin Golubović
Sabanci University
Turkey
Asif Šabanović
Sabanci University
Turkey
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the force control of a walking piezoelectric motor, a commercially available
Piezo LEGS motor. The motor is capable of providing high precision positioning control on nanometer
scale, but also relatively high forces up to 6 N. The proposed force control algorithm is very simple, but
effective, and it is based on a recently presented coordinate transformation. The transformation allows
definition of the driving waveforms for the motor according to a desired motion of the motor legs in the
plane of motion. Such a possibility opens a path for creating the y-direction interaction force between
the motor legs and the rod which is enough to ensure no relative motion between the legs and the rod.
Once that is achieved, one can control the x-direction force imposed by the motor rod on its environment.
The presented force control scheme has been successfully validated through a series of experiments.
Keywords: Legged Locomotion, Force, Force Control, Rolling Bearings, Actuators, Springs, Voltage
Control
74
�FORMATION CONTROL OF DIFFERENTIAL-DRIVE MOBILE ROBOTS IN THE
FRAMEWORK OF FUNCTIONALLY RELATED SYSTEMS
Tarik Uzunović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
tarik.uzunovic@ibu.edu.ba
Asif Šabanović
Sabanci University
Turkey
Abstract
A novel approach for formation control of differential-drive mobile robots is presented in this paper.
The control design is done in the framework of functionally related systems. Functionally related
systems are the systems that are `virtually' interconnected. The term `virtually' denotes the situation in
which the states or outputs of otherwise separated systems are functionally related to each other. If a
formation of mobile robots is analyzed, it can be considered as a group of functionally related systems.
Therefore, formation control of the robots can be synthesized in the mentioned framework.
Keywords: Functionally Related Systems, Differential-Drive Mobile Robots, Formation Control
75
�DSC-BASED IMPLEMENTATION FOR POWER CONTROL OF DFIG IN
MICROGRID APPLICATIONS
Tarik Uzunović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
tarik.uzunovic@ibu.edu.ba
Burak Soner
Sabanci University
Turkey
Emre Ozsoy
Istanbul Technical University
Turkey
Edin Golubović
Sabanci University
Turkey
Asif Šabanović
Sabanci University
Turkey
Abstract
This paper presents a compact and low cost digital signal controller (DSC) based implementation for
power control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy setup for micro-grid
applications. The experimental setup consists of a back to back converter, a 1.1 kW DFIG and two low
cost, industry standard DSCs. Stator active power and reactive power are controlled by means of the
rotor currents. Decoupled components of the rotor current in a rotating frame are controlled by a robust,
disturbance observer based control structure. The proposed controller was validated through
experiments.
Keywords: Digital Signal Controller, DFIG, Microgrid, Power Control, Vector Control
76
�CULTURAL REFLECTIONS ON ARCHITECTURAL SPACE: THE CASE OF SINGLE
RESIDENTIAL UNIT
Emina Zejnilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
emina.zejnilovic@ibu.edu.ba
Erna Husukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
erna.husukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Focus of this paper is the "environmental quality profile" as Rapoport defines the architectural response
to the mentioned particular system of cultural settings. It offers an insight into the correlation of cultural
mechanisms that influence creation of space and visual experience, through discussion of central space
in housing architecture. Examples of single residential units within different cultures of Islamic societies
are analyzed, aiming to underpin the correlation between the space and social modus operandi that
deem that space necessary. Impact of religious and cultural beliefs related to social dynamics of living
on the physicality of architecture is explored as well as the necessity of central spaces for positive visual
and spatial experience. Central space as the focal point of the house is interpreted from architectural,
social and religious aspects. Additionally, being that the correlation between architecture and culture
is reciprocal, a reflection is made on how architectural space and decisions support, influence, and
change social dynamics.
77
�EVALUATION OF THE BROWNFIELD REGENERATION PROCESS - CASE
STUDY OF SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Ajla Gegić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ajla.gegic@ibu.edu.ba
Erna Husukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
erna.husukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Brownfield land is both a problem and a lost opportunity, since the sites can have a negative impact on
the surrounding area and community and hinder effective regeneration. Thus, regeneration of
brownfields has gradually become an important challenge for regional and local development. The
focus of this paper is to analyse brownfield issues in the city of Sarajevo with respect to the needs of the
local community. The work particularly addressed a brownfield area exemplified in the Novi Grad
municipality, which includes architectural and urban settings and is currently a main point of interest in
the city of Sarajevo. The paper argues how functional clean-up of the site, reuse of abandoned area and
analysis of the social impact on the local community could offer new alternatives in brownfield
regeneration that stimulate development opportunities at numerous levels, including enhancing urban
competitiveness and reducing urban sprawl.
78
�SHEEP WOOL AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
IMPROVEMENT
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Azra Korjenic
Almedina Hadžić
Sinan Korjenić
Abstract
The building sector is responsible for 40% of the current CO2 emissions as well as energy consumption.
Sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings are currently being evaluated, not only based on
thermal insulation qualities and energy demands, but also based on primary energy demand,
CO2 reductions and the ecological properties of the materials used. Therefore, in order to make buildings
as sustainable as possible, it is crucial to maximize the use of ecological materials. This study explores
alternative usage of sheep wool as a construction material beyond its traditional application in the
textile industry. Another goal of this research was to study the feasibility of replacement of commonly
used thermal insulations with natural and renewable materials which have better environmental and
primary energy values. Building physics, energy and environmental characteristics were evaluated and
compared based on hygrothermal simulation and ecological balance methods. The observations
demonstrate that sheep wool, compared with mineral wool and calcium silicate, provides comparable
thermal insulation characteristics, and in some applications even reveals better performance.
Keywords: Energy Efficiency; Primary Energy Reduction; CO 2 Reduction; Natural and Renewable
Building Materials; Sheep wool; Hygrothermal simulation; Ecological balance method
79
�ANALYSIS OF ONE EXAMPLE OF THE RESTORATION IN TERMS OF ENERGY
EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Novalić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.novalic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Kargić
University of Travnik
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ajla Gegić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ajla.gegic@ibu.edu.ba
Selvira Heldovac
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
selvira.heldovac@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
In 21st century, it is not enough to design delightful buildings, but to act in a responsible way towards
the planet Earth. Supplies of natural resources are getting lower and it is necessary to turn to renewable
sources. Cities and buildings are the top pollutants and energy consumers today. While European goals
in terms of CO2 emission, primary energy and U values are set high, the actual situation varies from
excellent to very poor examples of energy efficiency requirements application. " Energy performance
certificate should also provide information about the actual impact of heating and cooling on the energy
80
�needs of the building, on its primary energy consumption and on its carbon dioxide emissions. " * The
aim of this research paper is to analyze and present the current situation of the energy efficiency
practice on objects restoration in Bosnia and Herzegovina, on example of Hotel Opal, located in Sarajevo
under the continental climate. The materials used in construction elements of the building: walls and
roof, as well as their thicknesses and places of origin were taken into account in calculating the CO2
and SO2 emissions, as well as primary energy values and global warming potential. Special attention
was paid to the U values which are key determinants of energy efficiency of an object. A comparison
has been made between in analysed case used and natural materials, such as sheep wool, mineral wool
and straw and their according emissions. As one of the key critical components in sustainable building
design are windows, the Appendix contains comparison of different materials used for windows frames.
The findings show the amount of energy that can be saved if the trends in use of construction materials
are changed. With respect to Bosnia and Herzegovina, the change in these trends would also imply
benefits for development of different industries.
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Restoration, U value, Natural insulation materials, Wall,Window, Roof,
Brick, EPS, Sheep wool, CO2, Primary energy, Global warming potential
81
�ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL RENEWABLE MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING
SECTOR
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Novalić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.novalic@ibu.edu.ba
Zedina Hujdur
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zedina.hujdur@ibu.edu.ba
Isminur Aybek
Amar Dautović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Architecture design today has become far more challenging than it once used to be. Both research and
demand for ecological building materials have been growing rapidly, particularly for insulating
materials from renewable resources. On the contrary, conventional design, constructions and materials
are still predominantly used in the world, and particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey. In
addition to the accustomed thermal insulation thickness and heating demand, architects need to design
new or renovate existing structures in compliance with the primary energy demand, CO2 reductions, as
well as ecological properties of building materials, and, in other words, take a holistic approach. The
aim of this paper is to present a comparison between the use of conventional methods, constructions
and materials and alternative solutions of renewable insulation materials application in wall
82
�constructions. Conventional walls are predominantly made of cement, bricks, Styrofoam, plaster and
paint. For innovative walls, however, materials used for a wall 1 are: brick, wood fibre insulation, plaster,
coat render, and for wall 2: timber, sheep’s wool insulation, brick, OSB board and plaster. The test
results indicate the amount of primary energy and CO2 emission that could be saved if renewable
materials are used not only for insulation but for the construction as well. Findings also show great
demand for a new clean technology in brick production that will save energy and CO2 emission. Our
findings also suggest that renewable materials have more ecological advantages and present fewer
health risks.
Keywords: Wall construction, Natural insulation materials, Primary energy, Global warming Potential,
Health
83
�CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS OF TRADITIONAL, NATURAL, RENEWABLE
MATERIALS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The building sector is responsible for 40% of the current CO2 emissions as well as energy consumption.
Sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings are currently being evaluated, not only based on
thermal insulation qualities and energy demands, but also based on primary energy demand, CO2
reductions and the ecological properties of the materials used. Therefore, in order to make buildings as
sustainable as possible, it is crucial to maximize the use of ecological materials. Could we replace
commonly used thermal insulations with natural and renewable materials which have better
environmental and primary energy values? Could natural and renewable material be driving forces for
social-economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina and region?
84
�KONZERVATORSKE INTERVENCIJE NA OBJEKTIMA VERNAKULARNE
ARHITEKTURE – PRIMJER BIŠĆEVIĆA KUĆE U MOSTARU
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Maja Popovac Roso
University Dzemal Bijedic Mostar
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Amra Šarančić Logo
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Interventions observed in this paper are those of structural character. These interventions on cultural
heritage buildings requires comparative analysis of structural problems and values of the heritage. The
absence of one of the observed aspects may be considered as unethical approach. The work examines
the complexity of conservation works on the buildings of cultural heritage, in particular those of
vernacular architecture. As an example presented is the work of conservation and restoration of one of
the most famous houses from the period of Ottoman rule Bišćević House in Mostar. Key words
Conservation, structural interventions, vernacular architecture, Biščević House, Mostar.
Keywords: Conservation, Structural interventions, Vernacular architecture, Biščević House, Mostar
85
�LUKOMIR – SINONIM BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKE VERNAKULARNE
ARHITEKTURE
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Boris Trapara
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Maja Popovac Roso
University Dzemal Bijedic Mostar
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Vernacular architecture is indispensable part of human creativity. Among all other aspects of human
activity, vernacular architecture is the best indicator of development stage of a certain civilization. It is
the modus which shows us how the local communities knew how to use local materials, how to
developed techniques and live in harmony with micro location- everything with the aim of satisfying
their needs. In time when we almost managed to destroy our planet with contemporary, often untested
and harmful materials, consuming large amounts of energy for heating and drying, finally we have
focused on these exceptional examples that can show us how simple and smart we can use the
knowledge and skills of our ancestors. Key words Vernacular architecture, Lukomir, sustainable
construction, natural materials.
Keywords: Vernacular architecture, Lukomir, Sustainable construction, Natural materials
86
�AN EFFECTIVE COMBINING CLASSIFIER APPROACH USING TREE
ALGORITHMS FOR NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Samed Jukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
samed.jukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a combining classifier model based on tree-based algorithms for network
intrusion detection. The NSL-KDD dataset, a much improved version of the original KDDCUP’99 dataset,
was used to evaluate the performance of our detection algorithm. The task of our detection algorithm
was to classify whether the incoming network traffics are normal or an attack, based on 41 features
describing every pattern of network traffic. The detection accuracy of 89.24 % was achieved using the
combination of random tree and NBTree algorithms based on the sum rule scheme, outperforming the
individual random tree algorithm. This result represents the highest result achieved so far using the
complete NSL-KDD dataset. Therefore, combining classifier approach based on the sum rule scheme can
yield better results than individual classifiers, giving us hope of better anomaly based intrusion
detection systems in the future.
Keywords: Intrusion detection, Tree-based classifiers, NSL-KDD, Combining classifiers approach
87
�COMPARISON OF SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN CLASSIFICATION
OF EEG SIGNALS FOR MOTOR-IMAGERY BCI SYSTEM
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
In this study, three popular signal processing techniques (Empirical Mode Decomposition, Discrete
Wavelet Transform, and Wavelet Packet Decomposition) were investigated for the decomposition of
Electroencephalography (EEG) Signals in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system for a classification task.
Publicly available BCI competition III dataset IVa, a multichannel 2-class motor-imagery dataset, was
used for this purpose. Multiscale Principal Component Analysis method was applied for the purpose of
noise removal. In addition, different sets of features were formed to examine the effect of a particular
group of features. The parameter selection process for signal decomposition methods was thoroughly
explained as well. Our results show that the combination of Multiscale Principal Component Analysis
de-noising and higher order statistics features extracted from wavelet packet decomposition sub-bands
resulted in highest average classification accuracy of 92.8%. Our study is one among very few that
provides a comprehensive comparison between signal decomposition methods in combination with
higher order statistics in classification of BCI signals. In addition, we stressed the importance of higher
frequency ranges in improving the classification task for EEG signals in Brain Computer Interface
Systems. Obtained results indicate that the proposed model has the potential to obtain a reliable
classification of motor imagery EEG signals, and can thus be used as a practical system for controlling
a wheelchair. It can also further enhance the current rehabilitation therapies where appropriate
feedback is delivered once the individual executes the correct movement. In that way, motor
rehabilitation outcomes may improve over time.
Keywords: Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Wavelet Packet
Decomposition (WPD), Motor Imagery (MI), Brain Computer Interface (BCI), Higher Order Statistics
(HOS), BCI competition III dataset IVa
88
�SURVEY OF LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS AROUND THE WORLD IN
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 AND 4 LABORATORIES
Mirsada Hukic
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Laboratory-acquired infections due to a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi have been
described over the last century, and laboratory workers are at risk of exposure to these infectious agents.
However, reporting laboratory-associated infections has been largely voluntary, and there is no way to
determine the real number of people involved or to know the precise risks for workers. In this study, an
international survey based on volunteering was conducted in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories to
determine the number of laboratory-acquired infections and the possible underlying causes of these
contaminations. The analysis of the survey reveals that laboratory-acquired infections have been
infrequent and even rare in recent years, and human errors represent a very high percentage of the
cases. Today, most risks from biological hazards can be reduced through the use of appropriate
procedures and techniques, containment devices and facilities, and the training of personnel.
Keywords: Brucellosis, Personal Protective Equipment, Eoccidioidomycosis, Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome, Tularemia
89
�Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN TURKISH POPULATION, COLL
Serkan Dogan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirsada Hukic
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Gulsen Doğan
Biljana Klimenta
Dragan Primorac
90
�Abstract
Analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroup distribution is widely used when investigating geographical
clustering of different populations, which is why it plays an important role in population genetics,
human migration patterns and even in forensic investigations. Individual determination of these
haplogroups is mostly based on the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers located
in the non-recombining part of Y-chromosome (NRY). On the other hand, the number of forensic and
anthropology studies investigating short tandem repeats on the Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) increases
rapidly every year. During the last few years, these markers have been successfully used as haplogroup
prediction methods, which is why they have been used in this study. Previously obtained Y-STR
haplotypes (23 loci) from 100 unrelated Turkish males recently settled in Sarajevo were used for the
determination of haplogroups via 'Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor' software. The Bayesian
probability of 90 of the studied haplotypes is greater than 92.2% and ranges from 51.4% to 84.3% for
the remaining 10 haplotypes. A distribution of 17 different haplogroups was found, with the Yhaplogroup J2a being most prevalent, having been found in 26% of all the samples, whereas R1b, G2a
and R1a were less prevalent, covering a range of 10% to 15% of all the samples. Together, these four
haplogroups account for 63% of all Y-chromosomes. Eleven haplogroups (E1b1b, G1, I1, I2a, I2b, J1, J2b,
L, Q, R2, and T) range from 2% to 5%, while E1b1a and N are found in 1% of all samples. Obtained results
indicate that a large majority of the Turkish paternal line belongs to West Asia, Europe Caucasus,
Western Europe, Northeast Europe, Middle East, Russia, Anatolia, and Black Sea Y-chromosome
lineages. As the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups is consistent with the previously published
data for the Turkish population residing in Turkey, it was concluded that the analyzed population could
also be recognized as a representative sample of the Turkish population residing in Turkey.
Keywords: Y-STRs, Y-SNPs, Y-chromosome, Haplotypes, Haplogroup predictor, Turkish population
91
�ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES AND GENETIC SIMILARITIES WITHIN A
NEW GENERATION OF CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER
CALCOACETICUS-A. BAUMANNII COMPLEX RESISTOTYPES IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Mirsada Hukic
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Aydin Çöl
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović
Irma Salimović-Bešić
Abstract
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex (ACB complex) is a nosocomial pathogen. Due to its
high ability to develop antibiotic resistance, it has become a problematic challenge in the modern
healthcare system. The molecular and genetic mechanisms of gaining multidrug resistance in ACB
complex are well known. This study focuses on providing an overview of the antibiotic resistance
profiles, genetic similarities and resistotypes, and general characteristics of carbapenem-resistant ACB
complex (CRACB) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). In light of the data collected in this study, together
with the already known information concerning antibiotic resistance of ACB complex, we intend to
further elucidate the antibiotic therapy for CRACB strain resistotypes in BiH.
Keywords: ACB complex; Bosnia; Antibiotic resistance; Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter; Genetic
similarities; Resistotypes
92
�EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE OF THE MEASLES
OUTBREAK IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Mirsada Hukic
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Irma Salimović-Bešić
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović
Aydin Çöl
Abstract
A measles outbreak with two epidemic waves involving 4649 probable and laboratory-confirmed cases
was recorded in six out of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between February
2014 and April 2015. The majority of the patients had never received measles vaccination (3115/4649,
67.00%), and the vaccination status of another 23% was unknown (1066/4649). A total of 281 blood
samples were tested serologically. Virus detection was performed using 44 nasopharyngeal swabs.
About 57% (161/281) of the laboratory-investigated sera were immunoglobulin M positive, and 95%
(42/44) of the swabs were reverse transcriptase-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences
obtained from 30 swab samples showed circulation of two variants of genotype D8, but no genotype
D4 strains as detected in 2007. Similar involvement of all age groups indicates a problem with vaccine
refusal resulting from antivaccination activities in addition to gaps in immunization coverage during the
war and postwar period (1992-1998). Differences in ethnicity, vaccine coverage, compliance with review
policies of vaccination records and potentially also travel habits may partially explain why only six of
ten cantons were affected by the outbreak. The second epidemic wave may in part be due to large-scale
migrations due to catastrophic floods in 2014. As a result of the epidemic, 6- to 12-month-old children
may now be vaccinated against measles during outbreaks, and public health recommendations for
interventions have been strengthened. Additional efforts are required to implement the measures
throughout the cantons.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, measles, Measles–Mumps–Rubella (MMR) vaccine; Outbreaks,
Vaccine-preventable diseases, Vaccines and immunization
93
�DETECTION OF PUUMALA VIRUS IN THE TISSUE OF INFECTED NATURALLY
RODENT HOSTS IN THE AREA OF CENTRAL DINARIDES
Mirsada Hukic
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Edina Dervović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Hantaviruses are the causative agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Euroasia
and of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the North, Central and South America. HFRS is
endemic in the Balkan Peninsula, where sporadic cases or outbreaks have been reported. Puumala virus
(PUUV) is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of HFRS. PUUV is carried by
the bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In this study, we investigated viral RNA from 76 tissues samples
(lung n = 30, heart n = 6, liver n = 18 and kidney n = 22) of infected naturall rodent hosts in the area of
Central Dinarides caught in live traps. Puumala virus was extracted from 34,7% (16/46) rodents by
nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR. Overall, 18
(21,4%) specimens of internal organs (kidney n = 8, liver n = 6, heart n = 2 and lung n = 2) were positive
for PUUV. It was shown a high rodent infestation rate in a relatively low number of rodent and their
organs, although mice were not caught during the time of high density population of host rodents.
Keywords: Puumala virus, Myodes glareolus, tissue, real-time RT-PCR, nested RT PCR
94
�APPLICATION OF A PARALLEL SYNTHETIC STRATEGY IN THE DISCOVERY OF
BIARYL ACYL SULFONAMIDES AS EFFICIENT AND SELECTIVE
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The majority of potent and selective hNaV1.7 inhibitors possess common pharmacophoric features that
include a heteroaryl sulfonamide headgroup and a lipophilic aromatic tail group. Recently, reports of
similar aromatic tail groups in combination with an acyl sulfonamide headgroup have emerged, with
the acyl sulfonamide bestowing levels of selectivity over hNaV1.5 comparable to the heteroaryl
sulfonamide. Beginning with commercially available carboxylic acids that met selected pharmacophoric
requirements in the lipophilic tail, a parallel synthetic approach was applied to rapidly generate the
derived acyl sulfonamides. A biaryl acyl sulfonamide hit from this library was elaborated, optimizing for
potency and selectivity with attention to physicochemical properties. The resulting novel leads are
potent, ligand and lipophilic efficient, and selective over hNaV1.5. Representative lead 36 demonstrates
selectivity over other human NaV isoforms and good pharmacokinetics in rodents. The biaryl acyl
sulfonamides reported herein may also offer ADME advantages over known heteroaryl sulfonamide
inhibitors.
Keywords: hNa V 1.7 inhibitors, selectivit, y, hNa V 1.5, acyl sulfonamide headgroup, carboxylic acids,
heteroaryl sulfonamide, heteroaryl sulfonamide headgroup, biaryl acyl sulfonamide, biaryl acyl
sulfonamides, lipophilic tailacyl sulfonamidestail groups, hNa V 1.5. Representativeacyl sulfonamide
bestowing levels, pharmacophoric features, heteroaryl sulfonamide inhibitors, Na V isoforms, Biaryl
Acyl Sulfonamides, tail group, Selective Na V 1.7 Inhibitors, ADME advantages, pharmacophoric
requirements, physicochemical properties
95
�MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESSDISORDER (PTSD)
AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND PERSONALIZED THERAPY:
RATIONALE, DESIGN AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE
(SEE)-PTSD STUDY
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a major health problem in South Eastern Europe (SEE). Available
treatment options are not efficient enough and the course is often chronic. Little is known about
molecular mediators and moderators of pathogenesis and therapy. Genetic and epigenetic variation
may be one central molecular mechanism. We therefore established a consortium combining clinical
expertise on PTSD from SEE countries Bosnia-Herzegovina (Sarajevo, Tuzla and Mostar), Kosovo
(Prishtina) and Croatia (Zagreb) with genetic and epigenetic competence from Germany (Würzburg) in
2011 within the framework of the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst)-funded Stability
Pact for South Eastern Europe. After obtaining ethical votes and performing rater trainings as well as
training in DNA extraction from EDTA blood between 2011 and 2013, we recruited 747 individuals who
had experienced war-related trauma in the SEE conflicts between 1991 and 1999. 236 participants had
current PTSD, 161 lifetime PTSD and 350 did not have and never had PTSD. Demographic and clinical
data are currently merged together with genetic and epigenetic data in a single database to allow for
a comprehensive analysis of the role of genetic and epigenetic variation in the pathogenesis and therapy
of PTSD. Analyses will be done to a great degree by PhD students from participating SEE centers who in
addition to participation in the project had an opportunity to take part in spring and summer schools of
the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) funded Research Training Group (RTG) 1253 and thus
meet PhD students from Germany and other countries We are confident that our project will not only
contribute to a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of PTSD as a basis for future
individualized and personalized therapies, but also to the academic development of South Eastern
Europe.
96
�CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD): CLINICAL
SYMPTOMS, EMERGING TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND IMPACT ON
QUALITY OF LIFE
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Abstract
This chapter presents a system for classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based
on fuzzy rules and a trained neural network. Fuzzy rules and neural network parameters are defined
according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. For neural
network training more than one thousand medical reports obtained from database of the company
CareFusion were used. The system was subsequently validated in 285 patients by physicians at the
Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo. Out of the investigated patients, 99.19% of the 248 with COPD
and all of the 37 individuals with normal lung function were classified correctly. Obtained sensitivity
(99.3%) and specificity (100%) in COPD were assessed, as well. Implemeted neuro-fuzzy system for
classification of COPD is based on a combination of spirometry and Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS)
test results, which enables more accurate classification of the disease. Additionally, a complete patient’s
dynamic assessment can be obtained rather than a mere static assessment through the use of
bronchodilatation and bronhoprovocation.
97
�WORLDWIDE POPULATION CLUSTERING BASED ON 23 Y-STR LOCI.
Serkan Dogan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Monia Avdić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Sanida Buljubasić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
98
�Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) located on the Y-chromosome are a useful tool for the study of population
structure and history. In this study, 23 Y-STR loci from 50 populations were compared (DYS19, DYS389I,
DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456,
DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643). The allele
frequencies were calculated using Arlequin v3.5.1.2, while the haplotype data for these calculations
were gathered from previously published articles. Furthermore, a worldwide phylogenetic tree was
generated, and genetic distance values were calculated using POPTREE2 and MEGA 5.1 software. The
results illustrate formation of several distinct clusters and sub clusters within them and indicate that
this was mostly due to geographical proximity, which in turn resulted in neighboring populations
becoming part of the same cluster. While the obtained results were in accordance with previously
published research on autosomal STR analysis, the Y-STRs analyzed in the current study were more
informative since they enabled regional clustering in addition to the continental one. Lastly, the use of
a larger number of loci yielded clustering that is more specific than what has been calculated to date.
Keywords: Y-chromosome, Y-STRs, PowerPlex Y23, phylogenetic tree, population clustering
99
�CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF UNCERTAINTY MODELLING
METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
Jasna Hivziefendić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasna.hivzifendic@ibu.edu.ba
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Mirza Šarić
Abstract
Uncertainty is one of the most important factors which contributes to the complexity of the power
system operation and management. This paper presents some of the most important uncertainty
modelling techniques and compares their advantages and disadvantage. In particular, this paper
focuses on identification, classification and comparison of uncertainty modelling approaches used in
power systems, highlighting the Distributed Generation (DG) allocation problem. The main objective of
this paper is to identify the sources of uncertainty in DG allocation problem, review the most important
uncertainty modelling methods and propose the appropriate matching approach between the sources
of uncertainty and modelling methods.
100
�MANAGEMENT OF THE POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS USING FUZZY LOGIC
Jasna Hivziefendić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasna.hivzifendic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirza Šarić
Abstract
This paper presents a fuzzy system for management of the power distribution network reconstruction
process. The proposed system is based on Mamdani type fuzzy inference which is used to model
reconstruction criteria. The system considers number of customers, rate of failure and age of
distribution lines as input variables and provides output values used as criteria in a decision making
process. The decision making process is based on the Bellman-Zadeh method in which decision making
is performed by the intersection of fuzzy goals and constraints. In this paper, fuzzy logic is introduced
as a system planning tool in order to account for weaknesses and imprecision of the traditional planning
methods. The proposed model is presented as a logical decision making framework which can be used
to evaluate and rank power distribution network reconstruction projects according to their ability to
deliver long term benefits, both to the utility and customers.
101
�OPTIMAL NETWORK RECONFIGURATION WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
USING NSGA II ALGORITHM
Jasna Hivziefendić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasna.hivzifendic@ibu.edu.ba
Amir Hadžimehmedović
University of Tuzla
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Majda Tesanović
University of Tuzla
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents a method to solve electrical network reconfiguration problem in the presence of
distributed generation (DG) with an objective of minimizing real power loss and energy not supplied
function in distribution system. A method based on NSGA II multi-objective algorithm is used to
simultaneously minimize two objective functions and to identify the optimal distribution network
topology. The constraints of voltage and branch current carrying capacity are included in the evaluation
of the objective function. The method has been tested on radial electrical distribution network with 213
nodes, 248 lines and 72 switches. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance and
effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Keywords: Radial distribution network; Distributed generation; Genetic algorithms; NSGA II; Loss
reduction
102
�GENETIC HERITAGE OF THE BALTO-SLAVIC SPEAKING POPULATIONS: A
SYNTHESIS OF AUTOSOMAL, MITOCHONDRIAL AND Y-CHROMOSOMAL
DATA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Alena Kushniarevich
Estonian Biocentre
Estonia
Abstract
The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent rapid
divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, in early
medieval times. This expansion-mainly to East Europe and the northern Balkans-resulted in the
incorporation of genetic components from numerous autochthonous populations into the Slavic gene
pools. Here, we characterize genetic variation in all extant ethnic groups speaking Balto-Slavic
languages by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (n = 6,876), Y-chromosomes (n = 6,079) and genome-wide
SNP profiles (n = 296), within the context of other European populations. We also reassess the phylogeny
of Slavic languages within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European. We find that genetic distances
among Balto-Slavic populations, based on autosomal and Y-chromosomal loci, show a high correlation
(0.9) both with each other and with geography, but a slightly lower correlation (0.7) with mitochondrial
DNA and linguistic affiliation. The data suggest that genetic diversity of the present-day Slavs was
predominantly shaped in situ, and we detect two different substrata: 'central-east European' for West
and East Slavs, and 'south-east European' for South Slavs. A pattern of distribution of segments identical
by descent between groups of East-West and South Slavs suggests shared ancestry or a modest gene
flow between those two groups, which might derive from the historic spread of Slavic people.
103
�OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN POPULATION CLUSTERING BASED ON 23 Y-STR
LOCI
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
104
�Monia Avdić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Sanida Buljubasić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) located on the Y-chromosome are a useful tool for various scientific fields,
such as forensic investigation, but also for the investigation of population structure and molecular
history. In this study, population data based on 23 Y-STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390,
DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635,
GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643) from 23 European human
populations were compared. All haplotype data for this research were gathered from previously
published articles. Arlequin v3.5.1.2, POPTREE2, and MEGA 5.1 software packages were used for the
calculation of allelic frequencies and genetic distance, and the construction of the European, as well as
worldwide phylogenetic trees. Obtained results indicate a formation of several distinct sub-clusters
within European population cluster. Observed sub-clusters were mostly recognized within
geographically closer populations, meaning that neighboring populations were a part of the same subcluster in most of the cases. Compared with the previously published results obtained using autosomal
STR markers, a significant level of concordance was detected. However, it seems that Y-STRs analyzed
in this study are more informative since they enabled regional clustering in addition to continental
clustering. Also, the use of a larger number of loci yielded clustering that is more specific than what has
been calculated to date. Finally, it can be concluded that this study has shown that the application of a
larger number of loci enables the more detailed insight into the relationships between European
populations, compared to what has been published before. Key words:Y-chromosome, Y-STRs,
PowerPlex Y23, European populations, population clustering, phylogenetic tree, population genetics.
105
�MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND PERSONALIZED THERAPY:
RATIONALE, DESIGN, AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE
(SEE)-PTSD STUDY
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Alma Džubur-Kulenović
Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a major health problem in South Eastern Europe (SEE). Available
treatment options are not efficient enough and the course is often chronic. Little is known about
molecular mediators and moderators of pathogenesis and therapy. Genetic and epigenetic variation
may be one central molecular mechanism. We therefore established a consortium combining clinical
expertise on PTSD from SEE countries Bosnia-Herzegovina (Sarajevo, Tuzla and Mostar), Kosovo
(Prishtina) and Croatia (Zagreb) with genetic and epigenetic competence from Germany (Würzburg) in
2011 within the framework of the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst)-funded Stability
Pact for South Eastern Europe. After obtaining ethical votes and performing rater trainings as well as
training in DNA extraction from EDTA blood between 2011 and 2013, we recruited 747 individuals who
had experienced war-related trauma in the SEE conflicts between 1991 and 1999. 236 participants had
current PTSD, 161 lifetime PTSD and 350 did not have and never had PTSD. Demographic and clinical
data are currently merged together with genetic and epigenetic data in a single database to allow for
a comprehensive analysis of the role of genetic and epigenetic variation in the pathogenesis and therapy
of PTSD. Analyses will be done to a great degree by PhD students from participating SEE centers who in
addition to participation in the project had an opportunity to take part in spring and summer schools of
the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) funded Research Training Group (RTG) 1253 and thus
meet PhD students from Germany and other countries We are confident that our project will not only
contribute to a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of PTSD as a basis for future
106
�individualized and personalized therapies, but also to the academic development of South Eastern
Europe.
Keywords: PTSD, South Eastern Europe, Genetics, Epigenetics, Molecular mechanisms., Individualized
therapy, Personalized therapy
107
�PREDICTION OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS WITHIN A
RECENTLY SETTLED TURKISH POPULATION IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Gulsen Doğan
Biljana Klimenta
108
�Dragan Primorac
Abstract
Analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroup distribution is widely used when investigating geographical
clustering of different populations, which is why it plays an important role in population genetics,
human migration patterns and even in forensic investigations. Individual determination of these
haplogroups is mostly based on the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers located
in the non-recombining part of Y-chromosome (NRY). On the other hand, the number of forensic and
anthropology studies investigating short tandem repeats on the Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) increases
rapidly every year. During the last few years, these markers have been successfully used as haplogroup
prediction methods, which is why they have been used in this study. Previously obtained Y-STR
haplotypes (23 loci) from 100 unrelated Turkish males recently settled in Sarajevo were used for the
determination of haplogroups via 'Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor' software. The Bayesian
probability of 90 of the studied haplotypes is greater than 92.2% and ranges from 51.4% to 84.3% for
the remaining 10 haplotypes. A distribution of 17 different haplogroups was found, with the Yhaplogroup J2a being most prevalent, having been found in 26% of all the samples, whereas R1b, G2a
and R1a were less prevalent, covering a range of 10% to 15% of all the samples. Together, these four
haplogroups account for 63% of all Y-chromosomes. Eleven haplogroups (E1b1b, G1, I1, I2a, I2b, J1, J2b,
L, Q, R2, and T) range from 2% to 5%, while E1b1a and N are found in 1% of all samples. Obtained results
indicate that a large majority of the Turkish paternal line belongs to West Asia, Europe Caucasus,
Western Europe, Northeast Europe, Middle East, Russia, Anatolia, and Black Sea Y-chromosome
lineages. As the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups is consistent with the previously published
data for the Turkish population residing in Turkey, it was concluded that the analyzed population could
also be recognized as a representative sample of the Turkish population residing in Turkey.
109
�GENOMIC ANALYSES INFORM ON MIGRATION EVENTS DURING THE
PEOPLING OF EURASIA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Luca Pagani
Abstract
High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of
geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer.
Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new
methodologies for inferring population history and refuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans.
Here we present the Estonian Biocentre Human Genome Diversity Panel (EGDP), a dataset of 483 highcoverage human genomes from 148 populations worldwide, including 379 new genomes from 125
populations, which we group into diversity and selection sets. We analyse this dataset to refine
estimates of continent-wide patterns of heterozygosity, long- and short-distance gene flow, archaic
admixture, and changes in effective population size through time as well as for signals of positive or
balancing selection. We find a genetic signature in present-day Papuans that suggests that at least 2%
of their genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans
(AMHs) out of Africa. Together with evidence from the western Asian fossil record, and admixture
between AMHs and Neanderthals predating the main Eurasian expansion, our results contribute to the
mounting evidence for the presence of AMHs out of Africa earlier than 75,000 years ago.
110
�DIAGNOSTIC OF ASTHMA USING FUZZY RULES IMPLEMENTED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND PHYSICIANS
EXPERIENCE
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Abstract
This paper presents a system for classification of asthma based on fuzzy rules. Fuzzy rules are defined
according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, as well as through consultations with longterm experience of pulmologists. Our fuzzy system for classification of asthma is based on a combination
of spirometry (SPIR) and Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) test results, which are inputs to fuzzy system.
Additionally, the use of bronchodilatation and bronhoprovocation enabled a complete patient's
dynamic assessment rather than a simple static assessment. The system was retroactively tested with
1250 Medical Reports established by pulmologists, out of which 728 were diagnosed with asthma and
522 were healthy subjects. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed, on this dataset, which were 91.89%
and 95.01%, respectively.
Keywords: Diseases, fuzzy logic, lungs, software, guidelines, expert systems
111
�CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Abstract
This paper presents a system for classification of asthma based on artificial neural network. A total of
1800 Medical Reports were used for neural network training. The system was subsequently tested
through the use of 1250 Medical Reports established by physicians from hospital Sarajevo. Out of the
aforementioned Medical Reports, 728 were diagnoses of asthma, while 522 were healthy subjects. Out
of the 728 asthmatics, 97.11% were correctly classified, and the healthy subjects were classified with
an accuracy of 98.85%. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed, as well, which were 97.11% and 98.85%,
respectively. Our system for classification of asthma is based on a combination of spirometry (SPIR) and
Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) test results, whose measurement results were inputs to artificial
neural network. Artificial neural network is implemented to obtain both static and dynamic assessment
of the patient's respiratory system.
112
�TEN-YEAR TRENDS IN PREVALENCE OF DOWN SYNDROME IN A
DEVELOPING COUNTRY: IMPACT OF THE MATERNAL AGE AND PRENATAL
SCREENING
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Objective: This study examines trends in total and live birth prevalence of trisomy 21 (T21) with regard
to increasing maternal age and the introduction of prenatal diagnosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Method: The prenatal detection was introduced in January 2008 in 3 hospitals and assessed until
December 31, 2015. In this study, 99 fetuses and 330 babies were diagnosed with T21 in the studied
period. Results: On average, each year 33 T21 individuals were born and 13 T21 fetuses were diagnosed
prenatally. The calculated incidence for the live born T21 individuals in Bosnia is 1:999. The live-birth
prevalence of T21 was 9.6 per 10,000 births and the total prevalence of T21 was 19.1. The total T21
prevalence increases exponentially with the advanced maternal age. Prenatal T21 prevalence is 1.29
per 10,000 births for mothers <35, but increases exponentially with increasing age (32 for >40 years).
The most common indications for invasive prenatal testing were ultrasound screening combined with
biochemical serum analysis followed by the advanced maternal age. Conclusion: The prevalence of
liveborn Down syndrome children remained constant. Despite the fact that increasing maternal age in
the last decade contributed to the rise in the total T21 prevalence, the effect of the introduction of
prenatal diagnosis on the live-birth T21 prevalence of T21 was minimal, leading to the conclusion that
the prenatal screening has to be improved in developing countries.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, maternal age, prenatal diagnosis, trends, trisomy 21
113
�COMPARISON OF MLL FUSION GENES EXPRESSION AMONG THE
CYTOGENETICS ABNORMALITIES OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND
THEIR CLINICAL EFFECTS
Senol Dogan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senol.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Albenita Hajrović
Muhamed Lišić
Ercan Gokgoz
Abstract
Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with more aggressive prognosis
than other subtypes. Translocations of MLL gene with other partner genes, forming the MLL-fusion
proteins (MLL-FPs), are the main characteristics of MLL leukemia. Many studies have demonstrated that
MLL-FPs such as: MLL-AF4, MLL-AF6, MLL-AF9, MLL-AF10, MLL-ENL, MLL-ELL, MLL-EPS15, as well as
partial tandem duplication are the most common abnormalities that play significant role in MLLrearranged leukemia. Gene expression profiles from 197 patients and 180 clinical data were
downloaded from TCGA database. R statistical program has classified clinical and genomic data
simultaneously according to cytogenetic abnormalities. As a result of this analysis, the most frequent
47 MLLFPs genes expression have been detected and compared with other cytogenetic abnormalities
such as t(4;11), t(9;11), t(8;21), t(15;17), complex, inversion 16, trisomy 8 and cytogenetically normal
AML. 35 out of 46 MLL-FPs genes presented with abnormal gene expression profile. This study showed
that MLL-FPs are not just active and related with MLL, but also with other subtypes of AML.
Keywords: AML, MLL, data mining, cytogenetic abnormalities, fusion protein, gene expression
114
�THE DETECTION OF EXTREMELY HIGH AND LOW EXPRESSED GENES BY
EGEF ALGORITHM IN INVASIVE BREAST CANCER
Senol Dogan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senol.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Gunay Karli
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gunay.karli@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. The analysis of one or a group of specific gene
expression profiles may not be enough to understand molecular activities in cancer cells. Therefore, a
method which gives us the opportunity to compare similar up and down regulated gene expression
profiles, is needed. The main purpose of our work is to sort the extreme high and low expressed genes
and extract, compare and cluster them. Expression profiles of 598 samples of invasive breast cancer
and 48 samples of normal tissue have been analysed to create a new algorithm called Extreme Gene
Expression Family (EGEF). The EGEF algorithm sorted, grouped and compared the highest and the
lowest expressed genes (n = 100). According to the hierarchical clustering result, dense and light
memberships of gene families are detected. The resulting analysis allows us to predict which genes
would show similar expression signatures in invasive breast cancer and to us to recognize specific
biological activities and processes. EGEF algorithm can be used to detect expression signatures in other
cancers and biological processes.
Keywords: TCGA, invasive breast cancer, EGEF algorithm, expression pattern
115
�ANALYSIS OF GAUCHER DISEASE RESPONSIBLE GENES IN COLORECTAL
ADENOCARCINOMA
Senol Dogan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senol.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Mesut Karatas
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a hereditary genetic abnormality which defects the pathway of sphingolipid
catabolism. The mutation of GBA gene which encodes lysosomal β-glucosidase enzyme is the main
characteristics of the disease also is observed in different cancer types. To find the relation between the
disease and colon adenocarcinoma, the responsible gene expression of Gaucher disease was analyzed.
The gene expression of colon adenocarcinoma was was compared between death and alive patients
and analyzed statistically to profile the differences between Gaucher disease genes expression changes.
GBA, GBA2, GBA3, SCARB2 and PSAP have the maximum genetic alteration which is observed in colon
adenocarcinoma.
Keywords: Gaucher disease, colon adenocarcinoma, glucosphingolipid, genetic mutations,
macrophages, immune dysregulation
116
�DIAGNOSTICS OF COMMON MICRODELETION SYNDROMES USING
FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION: SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE IN A
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Microdeletion syndromes are caused by chromosomal deletions of less than 5 megabases which can be
detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We evaluated the most commonly detected
microdeletions for the period from June 01, 2008 to June 01, 2015 in the Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, including DiGeorge, Prader-Willi/Angelman, Wolf-Hirschhorn, and Williams syndromes.
We report 4 patients with DiGeorge syndromes, 4 patients with Prader-Willi/Angelman, 4 patients with
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and 3 patients with Williams syndrome in the analyzed 7 year period. Based
on the positive FISH results for each syndrome, the incidence was calculated for the Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina. These are the first reported frequencies of the microdeletion syndromes in the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: Microdeletion syndrome, DiGeorge, Williams, Prader-Willi, Angelman, Wolf-Hirschhorn,
fluorescent in situ hybridization
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�THE REALITY OF CANCER TREATMENT IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE
EFFECTS OF DELAYED TKI TREATMENT ON SURVIVAL, CYTOGENETIC AND
MOLECULAR RESPONSES IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Cancer patients in developing and low-income countries have limited access to target therapies. For
example, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia patients (CML) is often
delayed. In Bosnia, 16% of patients received immediate TKI treatment (<3 months of diagnosis), while
66% of patients received therapy after a median 14-month wait period. To assess the effect of delayed
treatment on outcome, three patient groups were studied according to the time they received TKI
treatment (0-5 months, 6-12 months and >13 months delay). The primary endpoints were complete
cytogenetic (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months. At 12 months of therapy, CCyR
and MMR rates on imatinib decreased significantly: CCyR was achieved in 67% of patients in the
immediate imatinib treatment group, 18% of patients in 6-12 months group and 15% of patients in >13
months wait group. MMR rates at 12 months occurred in 10% of patients with immediate treatment,
6% of those in 6-12 months group and 0% of patients in >13 months wait group. However, CCyR and
MMR rates in patients on nilotinib were not associated with duration of treatment delay. Our data
suggests that the deleterious effect of a prolonged TKI therapy delay may be ameliorated by the more
active TKI nilotinib.
Keywords: chronic myeloid leukaemia; cytogenetic response; molecular response; treatment delay
118
�APPLICATION OF ISOTHERMAL TITRATION CALORIMETRY IN EVALUATION
OF PROTEIN–NANOPARTICLE INTERACTIONS
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Iain Manfield
Terry Wilkins
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a number of advantages over small organic molecules for controlling protein
behaviour inside the cell. Protein binding to the surface of NPs depends on their surface characteristics,
composition and method of preparation (Mandal et al. in J Hazard Mater 248–249:238–245, 2013). It
is important to understand the binding affinities, stoichiometries and thermodynamical parameters of
NP–protein interactions in order to see which interaction will have toxic and hazardous consequences
and thus to prevent it. On the other side, because proteins are on the brink of stability, they may
experience interactions with some types of NPs that are strong enough to cause denaturation or
significantly change their conformations with concomitant loss of their biological function. Structural
changes in the protein may cause exposure of new antigenic sites, “cryptic” peptide epitopes,
potentially triggering an immune response which can promote autoimmune disease (Treuel et al. in ACS
Nano 8(1):503–513, 2014). Mechanistic details of protein structural changes at NP surface have still
remained elusive. Understanding the formation and persistence of the protein corona is critical issue;
however, there are no many analytical methods which could provide detailed information about the
NP–protein interaction characteristics and about protein structural changes caused by interactions with
nanoparticles. The article reviews recent studies in NP–protein interactions research and application of
isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in this research. The study of protein structural changes upon
adsorption on nanoparticle surface and application of ITC in these studies is emphasized. The data
illustrate that ITC is a versatile tool for evaluation of interactions between NPs and proteins. When
coupled with other analytical methods, it is important analytical tool for monitoring conformational
changes in proteins.
Keywords: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, Nanoparticles, Proteins, Interactions, Gold nanoparticles,
Protein–Nanoparticle Interaction.
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�PHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT FRUIT TISSUES OF FIVE
AUTOCHTHONOUS APPLE CULTIVARS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Maida Đapo
University Džemal Bijedić Mostar
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Esma Velagić-Habul
Fuad Gaši
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jasmin Grahić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Apple consumption is related to the prevention of chronic diseases and improved health due to the
presence of phytochemicals, especially phenolic compounds. The compositional differences among
apple cultivars and fruit tissues can be very significant in respect to the concentration of polyphenolic
compounds. In this work, the phenolic composition of the flesh and peel of five autochthonous apple
cultivars: 'Bobovec', 'Đulabija', 'Habikuša crvena', 'Samoniklica', and 'Sarija', and two commercial
cultivars: 'Idared' and 'Golden Delicious' was investigated using high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a photodiode array (PDA) detector. All apples originated from the
orchard “Srebrenik” (North East Bosnia) and were harvested in 2013. The studied apples were found to
contain 14 individual phenolic compound, which belong to the four dominant polyphenolic classes. The
eight polyphenolic compounds from peel and flesh of the autochthonous cultivars of apples were
quantified and found to contain epicatechin and procyanidin B2 as the most abundant phenolic
compounds in the peel, and chlorogenic acid as the most abundant phenolic compound in the flesh. In
a comparison of fruit tissue within each cultivar, apple peel had a significantly higher phenolic content
120
�than a flesh. In general, it should be stated that according to the amount of polyphenols some
autochthonous cultivars do not lag behind the current commercial cultivars.
Keywords: autochthonous, Apple Cultivars, Phenolic Compounds
121
�PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β-GLUCOSIDASE FROM
AGARICUS BISPORUS (WHITE BUTTON MUSHROOM)
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Imer Muhović
Abstract
β-Glucosidase (β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) is a catalytic enzyme present in both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes that selectively catalyzes either the linkage between two glycone residues
or between glycone and aryl or alkyl aglycone residue. Growing edible mushrooms in the soil with
increased cellulose content can lead to the production of glucose, which is a process dependent on βglucosidase. In this study, β-glucosidase was isolated from Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom)
using ammonium sulfate precipitation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, giving 10.12-fold
purification. Biochemical properties of the enzyme were investigated and complete characterization
was performed. The enzyme is a dimer with two subunits of approximately 46 and 62 kDa. Optimum pH
for the enzyme is 4.0, while the optimum temperature is 55 °C. The enzyme was found to be
exceptionally thermostable. The most suitable commercial substrate for this enzyme is p-NPGlu with
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�Km and Vmax values of 1.751 mM and 833 U/mg, respectively. Enzyme was inhibited in a competitive
manner by both glucose and δ-gluconolactone with IC50 values of 19.185 and 0.39 mM, respectively
and Ki values of 9.402 mM and 7.2 µM, respectively. Heavy metal ions that were found to inhibit βglucosidase activity are I(-), Zn(2+), Fe(3+), Ag(+), and Cu(2+). This is the first study giving complete
biochemical characterization of A. bisporus β-glucosidase.
Keywords: Agaricus bisporus; Characterization; Hydrophobic interaction chromatography; Purification;
White button mushroom; β-Glucosidase
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�PREDICTION OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS WITHIN A
RECENTLY SETTLED TURKISH POPULATION IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroup distribution is widely used when investigating geographical
clustering of different populations, which is why it plays an important role in population genetics,
human migration patterns and even in forensic investigations. Individual determination of these
haplogroups is mostly based on the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers located
in the non-recombining part of Y-chromosome (NRY). On the other hand, the number of forensic and
anthropology studies investigating short tandem repeats on the Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) increases
rapidly every year. During the last few years, these markers have been successfully used as haplogroup
prediction methods, which is why they have been used in this study. Previously obtained Y-STR
haplotypes (23 loci) from 100 unrelated Turkish males recently settled in Sarajevo were used for the
determination of haplogroups via 'Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor' software. The Bayesian
probability of 90 of the studied haplotypes is greater than 92.2% and ranges from 51.4% to 84.3% for
the remaining 10 haplotypes. A distribution of 17 different haplogroups was found, with the Yhaplogroup J2a being most prevalent, having been found in 26% of all the samples, whereas R1b, G2a
and R1a were less prevalent, covering a range of 10% to 15% of all the samples. Together, these four
haplogroups account for 63% of all Y-chromosomes. Eleven haplogroups (E1b1b, G1, I1, I2a, I2b, J1, J2b,
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�L, Q, R2, and T) range from 2% to 5%, while E1b1a and N are found in 1% of all samples. Obtained results
indicate that a large majority of the Turkish paternal line belongs to West Asia, Europe Caucasus,
Western Europe, Northeast Europe, Middle East, Russia, Anatolia, and Black Sea Y-chromosome
lineages. As the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups is consistent with the previously published
data for the Turkish population residing in Turkey, it was concluded that the analyzed population could
also be recognized as a representative sample of the Turkish population residing in Turkey.
Keywords: Y-Chromosome, haplogroup predictor, clustering, Y-STRs, Turkish population
125
�CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE BASED
ON NEURO-FUZZY SOFTWARE IN: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE (COPD): CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, EMERGING TREATMENT
STRATEGIES AND IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Abstract
This chapter presents a system for classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
based on fuzzy rules and a trained neural network. Fuzzy rules and neural network parameters are
defined according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. For neural
network training more than one thousand medical reports obtained from database of the company
CareFusion were used. The system was subsequently validated in 285 patients by physicians at the
Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo. Out of the investigated patients, 99.19% of the 248 with COPD
and all of the 37 individuals with normal lung function were classified correctly. Obtained sensitivity
(99.3%) and specificity (100%) in COPD were assessed, as well. Implemeted neuro-fuzzy system for
classification of COPD is based on a combination of spirometry and Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS)
test results, which enables more accurate classification of the disease. Additionally, a complete
126
�patient’s dynamic assessment can be obtained rather than a mere static assessment through the
use of bronchodilatation and bronhoprovocation.
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�TESTING OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS AND INFANT INCUBATORS IN
HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The medical device industry has grown rapidly and incessantly over the past century. The sophistication
and complexity of the designed instrumentation is nowadays rising and, with it, has also increased the
need to develop some better, more effective and efficient maintenance processes, as part of the safety
and performance requirements. This paper presents the results of performance tests conducted on 50
mechanical ventilators and 50 infant incubators used in various public healthcare institutions. Testing
was conducted in accordance to safety and performance requirements stated in relevant international
standards, directives and legal metrology policies. Testing of output parameters for mechanical
ventilators was performed in 4 measuring points while testing of output parameters for infant
incubators was performed in 7 measuring points for each infant incubator. As performance criteria,
relative error of output parameters for mechanical ventilators and absolute error of output parameters
for infant incubators was calculated. The ranges of permissible error, for both groups of devices, are
regulated by the Rules on Metrological and Technical Requirements published in the Official Gazette of
Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 75/14, which are defined based on international recommendations,
standards and guidelines. All ventilators and incubators were tested by etalons calibrated in an ISO
17025 accredited laboratory, which provides compliance to international standards for all measured
parameters.The results show that 30% of the tested medical devices are not operating properly and
should be serviced, recalibrated and/or removed from daily application.
Keywords: Health Technology Management, Clinical Engineering, Healthcare, Infant Incubators,
Mechanical Ventilators, Output Parameters, Safety, Standards, Testing
128
�SOFTWARE SOLUTION FOR TRACKING INSPECTION PROCESSES OF
MEDICAL DEVICES FROM LEGAL METROLOGY SYSTEM
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Dijana Sejdinović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Berina Alić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Layla Abdel-Ilah
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Emir Žunić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents software solution, eVerlab, for tracking processes of inspection of Medical Devices
that are introduced into Legal Metrology System in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and are used in public and
private health care institutions.
The software is implemented in Oracle Application Development Framework Technology (ADF) and it is
used to facilitate gathering of documents such as Inspection Certificates, Working Orders, Inspection
Reports, Calculated Errors, and also to keep track of dates for next inspection. The software can be
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�accessed online via Inspection Laboratory (Verlab) website, and all clients, as well as employees can
login using their own username and password which makes all inspection data confidential.
By Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 75/14, inspection process of Medical Devices that are
introduced into Legal Metrology System in Bosnia and Herzegovina is legal obligation. All inspection
procedures and rules defined by National Metrology Institute (NMI) of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) are
based on Standards and Directives IEC 60601, ISO 62353 and MDD 93/42.
Out of 331 health care institutions in BH 158 institutions were used for software validation more than
3000 inspection tests reports were imported in software.
Keywords: Inspection, Medical devices, Metrology, Software
130
�DIAGNOSTIC OF ASTHMA USING FUZZY RULES IMPLEMENTED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND PHYSICIANS
EXPERIENCE
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Abstract
This paper presents a system for classification of asthma based on fuzzy rules. Fuzzy rules are defined
according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, as well as through consultations with longterm experience of pulmologists. Our fuzzy system for classification of asthma is based on a combination
of spirometry (SPIR) and Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) test results, which are inputs to fuzzy system.
Additionally, the use of bronchodilatation and bronhoprovocation enabled a complete patient's
dynamic assessment rather than a simple static assessment. The system was retroactively tested with
1250 Medical Reports established by pulmologists, out of which 728 were diagnosed with asthma and
522 were healthy subjects. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed, on this dataset, which were 91.89%
and 95.01%, respectively.
Keywords: Diseases, Fuzzy logic, Lungs, Software, Guidelines, Expert Systems
131
�CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Abstract
This paper presents a system for classification of asthma based on artificial neural network. A total of
1800 Medical Reports were used for neural network training. The system was subsequently tested
through the use of 1250 Medical Reports established by physicians from hospital Sarajevo. Out of the
aforementioned Medical Reports, 728 were diagnoses of asthma, while 522 were healthy subjects. Out
of the 728 asthmatics, 97.11% were correctly classified, and the healthy subjects were classified with
an accuracy of 98.85%. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed, as well, which were 97.11% and 98.85%,
respectively. Our system for classification of asthma is based on a combination of spirometry (SPIR) and
Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) test results, whose measurement results were inputs to artificial
neural network. Artificial neural network is implemented to obtain both static and dynamic assessment
of the patient's respiratory system.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Medical Diagnostic Imaging, Neurons, Diseases, Biological
Neural Networks, Training, Estimation
132
�DEVELOPMENT AND PERSPECTIVES OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN
SOUTH EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
In respect with growing population, chronical disease management and aging population, the medicine
and health care have drastically changed over the past decades. Engineering became more involved in
medicine resulting in development of new discipline, Biomedical Engineering. As new engineering
solution for problems in medicine regarding therapy, diagnosis and treatment have emerged, the need
for new interdisciplinary educational curriculums evolved. Today, South East Countries are focused on
developing new educational curriculums in Biomedical Engineering, following the models established in
other European and United States Countries, and recognizing the new discipline - Biomedical
Engineering as a professional discipline. International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering,
supported by United Nations (UN), gives support for national societies that are focused on Biomedical
Engineering. In this article, overview of development and perspectives of Biomedical Engineering in
South East European (SEE) countries is given, with focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: Biomedical engineering, Medical diagnostic imaging, Medical services, Europe, Biology,
Industries, Electrical engineering
133
�ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE DISCRIMINATION OF ALZHEIMER'S
DISEASE USING BIOMARKERS DATA
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Aljović
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study developing artificial neural network system (ANN) for
classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy patients. The classification is done using
biomarkers, from cerebrospinal fluid: albumin ratio (CSF/Serum and/or Plasma), Aβ40 (CSF), Aβ42 (CSF),
tau-total (CSF) and tau-phospho (CSF). Neural network input parameters are datasets from
Alzbiomarkers database. Independent t-test is used to calculate statistical difference between input
parameters. Developed neural network was validated with 80 subjects from Alzbiomarkers database.
Out of 45 AD subjects, 43 were correctly classified as AD patients, obtaining a sensitivity of 95.5%, and
out of 35 healthy subjects 32 were correctly classified obtaining specificity of 91.43%.
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, Neurons, Alzheimer's disease, Biomarkers, Databases, Testing
134
�CLASSIFICATION OF STRESS RECOGNITION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORK
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Dijana Sejdinović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Berina Alić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study developing expert system to support stress recognition based
on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Developed ANN is trained using data from Physionet database and
collected data from other researchers. The implemented system for stress recognition uses drivers ECG
signal, Galvanic Skin Response and Respiration Rate as parameters. Developed neural network was
validated with 77 samples. Samples are obtained from subjects using Pasco sensors in 7D cinemas. Out
of 77 samples, in 71% of subjects higher level of stress is recognized, while 29% of subjects are classified
as subjects with normal vital functions. An accuracy of 99% and specificity of 98% is obtained.
Keywords: Stress, Artificial Neural Networks, Skin, Neurons, Heart rate, Automobiles
135
�DYNAMICAL MODEL OF TUBERCULOSIS-MULTIPLE STRAIN PREDICTION
BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Ahmed Osmanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Adnan Fojnica
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents implemented artificial neural network (ANN) for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis
progression and dynamics. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused in most cases by microorganism,
called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a huge problem in most low-income countries, and
also in the Balkan region. The design of the artificial neural network is based on two strains of
tuberculosis bacteria and multiple strains of tuberculosis. Training data sets contain 1000 reports for
this artificial neural, 800 of them are used for estimation and 200 for validation. The ANN system is
validated on 1400 patients from the Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo in the two years period. Out
of 1315 patients, 99.24% are correctly classified as tuberculosis related patients. System was 100%
successful on 85 patients were diagnosed with normal lung function. Sensitivity of 99.24% and
specificity of 100% in tuberculosis classification are obtained. Our artificial neural network is a
promising method for predicting diagnosis and possible treatment routine for tuberculosis disease.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Diseases, Drugs, Neurons, Sociology, Statistics, Estimation
136
�PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β‐GLUCOSIDASE FROM
BRASSICA OLERACEA
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Imer Muhović
Abstract
b-Glucosidase was purified from Brassica oleracea by salting out with ammoniumsulfate and
hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Results demonstrated thatthe enzyme is a dimer (130 kD)
made up of one major (80 kD) and one minor sub-unit (50 kD). The pH optimum is 6.0, with 50% of the
enzyme’s original activityremaining between pH 4.0 and pH 7.0. The temperature optimum is 35C,
andactivity did not decrease after two hours of exposure to this temperature. Theactivity of the enzyme
was investigated on four substrates, 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-glu-copyranoside (p-NPG), ortho-Nitrophenylb-D-glucopyranoside (o-NPG), para-Nitrophenyl-b-D-galactoside (p-NPGal) and ortho-Nitrophenyl-b-Dgalactoside(o-NPGal), and kmvalues were shown to be 0.755 mM, 0.174 mM, 0.988 mM and0.213 mM,
while Vmaxvalues were 604 U/mg, 38 U/mg, 556 U/mg and 308 U/mg,respectively. The enzyme is
completely inhibited by gluconolactone and glucoseagainst p-NPG as substrate, with kivalues of 0.038
137
�mM and 0.64 mM, respectively.To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating purification and
character-ization of b-glucosidase from broccoli, thus providing a better understanding ofits role in the
plant, and establishing a basis for further research.
138
�ORBITAL PSEUDOTUMOR WITH EXTRAORBITAL EXTENSION IN CHILDHOOD
- A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Anes Mašović
Ibrahim Omerhodžić
Clinical Center University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Emina Hrvat
Edin Begić
Sarajevo School of Science and Technology
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Orbital pseudotumor (OPT) also known as idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome, is a nonspecific,
non-neoplastic inflammatory process of the orbit. The most common symptoms of OPT are: periorbital
edema, erythema, proptosis, ptosis, diplopia and decreased ocular motility . Subtypes of OPT are: focal
mass, dacryoadenitis, miositis, diffuse orbital inflamation, perineuritis, periscleritis, eyelid pseudotumor
and intracranial extension of OPT. Orbital pseudotumor is rare in pediatric age group and may cause
real diagnostic problem. Also, intracranial extension of OPT is rare. Extension commonly develops
through the superior orbital fissure into the middle cranial fossa and the cavernous sinus. We report
clinical, MRI and PH findings of the 11-years old girl with diplopia, periorbital edema and amblyopia,
who was surgically treated on our Department. While the clinical condition of a patient was getting
worse, none of diagnostic procedures helped us making a diagnose and surgery was undertaken. The
tumor was removed by gross total resection (MRI confirmed). Three months after the surgery,
neurological deficit of the patient was in a significant regression. A patohistological analyses are
proving diagnosis of orbital pseudotumor.
Keywords: Pseudotumor, Orbita, Extraorbital Tumor Propagation
139
�MICRO CELL CULTURE ANALOG APPARATUS (µCCA) OUTPUT PREDICTION
USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gurbeta.lejla@ibu.edu.ba
Halida Avdihodžić
Sabina Halilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents a system for prediction of naphthalene concentration in the liver and lung
compartments of a micro cell culture analog apparatus (μCCA) based on the Artificial Neural Network
(ANN). The implemented ANN can be used to simulate organ and circulatory system reactions in terms
of residual naphthalene concentrations. For neural network training, 100 samples were used and
additional 100 samples were used for subsequent validation. For the lung compartment, the accuracy
of prediction of naphthalene concentration is 97% and the accuracy of concentration prediction in liver
compartment is 95%. Implemented neural network for prediction of residual concentration of
naphthalene in lung and liver compartments of a μCCA uses the fraction of exiting stream that re-enters
the microcircuit as input value. This system can be used for simulating the organ and circulatory system
reactions before conducting experiments on micro cell culture analog apparatus.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, Lungs, Liver, Training, Neurons, Chemicals
140
�SENSOR FUSSION FOR SOLAR CAR ROUTE OPTIMIZATION
Mehrija Hasičić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehrija.hasicic@ibu.edu.ba
Haris Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
haris.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper focuses on sensor data management in the Solar Car Optimized Route Estimation (SCORE)
system which is currently being developed. The data collection is split into two phases: the a priori phase
related to the environment and the real time phase related to the solar vehicle. The hardware and
software architecture for a priori phase is illustrated in detail, while the real time phase is discussed as
a part of the embedded car computer. The full system description for SCORE is presented with guidelines
for the future work and implementation of it.
Keywords: Automobiles, Computers, Optimization, Data collection, Mobile Communication, Servers
141
�PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE
ESTIMATION
Mehrija Hasičić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehrija.hasicic@ibu.edu.ba
Haris Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
haris.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Bilić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.bilic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Solar Car Optimized Route Estimation (SCORE) has been proposed in an earlier publication as an
alternative navigation principle for solar cars, conducting route optimization based on both distance
and solar irradiance data. This paper gives details about the implementation and discusses results of
SCORE's use, suggesting possible limitations and future research directions. The results show limited
applicability of solar irradiance data for route optimization, but suggesting that parking place selection
is an important aspect that needs to be taken care of. The implementation uses both a MATLAB testbed
application and C/C++ code for TI's ARM Cortex-M4F based TM4C123G LaunchPad, and the final version
of the SCORE client is placed in a custom built solar vehicle. Combined with the previously developed
server for sensor data collection and data processing and sensor transmitter infrastructure for solar
irradiation, the route optimization system is fully operational.
Keywords: Embedded Systems, Solar Vehicles, Routeoptimization, Navigation
142
�COMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN PHISHING WEBSITE
CLASSIFICATION
Adnan Hodžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.hodzic@ibu.edu.ba
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Phishing is one among the luring strategies utilized by phishing artist in the aim of abusing the personal
details of unsuspected clients. Phishing website is a counterfeit website with similar appearance, but
changed destination. The unsuspected client post their information thinking that these websites
originate from trusted financial institutions. New antiphishing techniques rise continuously, yet phishers
come with new strategy by breaking all the antiphishing mechanisms. Hence there is a need for
productive mechanism for the prediction of phishing website. This paper described comparison in
classification of phishing websites using different Machinelearning algorithms. Random Forest (RF),
C4.5, REP Tree, Decision Stump, Hoeffding Tree, Rotation Forest and MLP were used to determine which
method provides the best results in phishing websites classification. All instances are categorized as 1
for “Legitimate”, 0 for “Suspicious” and 1 for “Phishy”. Results show that RF with REP Tree show the
best performance on this dataset for classification of phishing websites.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Phishing Websites
143
�USING DATABASE AUDIT FOR ANALYZING SUSPICIOUS BEHAVIOR ON
HISTORICAL DATA
Adnan Hodžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.hodzic@ibu.edu.ba
Adem Karadag
Abstract
Database auditing is one of the biggest issues in data security. Absence of information auditing drives
the business applications to the lost trail of business procedures. To cope with auditing and in order to
track operations and the actors of those operations in time, we need historical data or temporary
database. Legitimate and exchange times are two important time-stamps in temporary database. In
this paper, we show the methods to handle database auditing in business exchange operations,
accurate times, and performers of the operations. These strategies are separated in two sets; utilizing
relational databases, and utilizing semi-structured information.
Keywords: Database Audit, Historical Data
144
�AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND PROJECT SUCCESS
Nermina Durmić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nermina.durmic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between project-specific
intellectual capital (IC) and project success in the context of information technology (IT) projects.
Design/methodology/approach – Using data collected from surveys of 603 IT professionals across a
variety of projects, the authors constructed a structural (structural equation model) model in AMOS to
examine the relationships between three dimensions of project-specific IC (project team, project
customer and project process) and project success. Findings – The empirical results support the
proposition that IC has a positive impact on project success, and thus may be a good indicator of future
projects’ performance. More importantly, the authors found out an important mediating role of a
project’s structural capital (process) in exploiting its human (team) and relational (customer) capital for
realising project success. Research limitations/implications – Interpretation of current results should be
considered in light of the following methodological limitations: convenient rather than systematic
sampling, use of previously untested measures and prevailing European subjects. Practical implications
– These results suggest that project-based organisations need to invest heavily in their project
workforce talent and then translate it into superior project practices in order to produce successful IT
projects. They also need to maintain close relationships with their project customers and involve them
during the entire project process. Originality/value – The current empirical evidence extends the
understanding of the role of IC in improving project success and thus helps project-based organisations
create and maintain competitive advantage in emerging economies.
Keywords: Project management, Surveys, Knowledge management, Intellectual capital, Empirical study,
Project success
145
�COMPARISON OF ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND SINGLE
CLASSIFIERS PERFORMANCE FOR CUSTOMER CREDIT ASSESSMENT
Adnan Dželihodžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.dzelihodzic@ibu.edu.ba
Dženana Đonko
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Assuming that the credit is one of the most important banking products it follows that the quality
assessment of customer creditworthiness is an essential factor for reducing the risk. With the intention
to make a good assessment of creditworthiness many models and algorithms have been developed.
Data mining algorithms for classification are very suitable for determining the validity of the application
for credit. This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the algorithms for classification of
credit applications when they are used alone (as single classifier) as well as comparison with ensemble
techniques usage. The techniques used as single classifiers are Neural Networks, Decision Trees and
Support Vector Machines (SVM), and ensemble techniques AdaBoost and Bagging. K-fold crossvalidation is used for model validation. Experiment is conducted in the Bosnian commercial bank
dataset and results according to classification parameters such as accuracy and AUC are presented.
Keywords: Classification, Data Mining, Credit Assessment, Ensemble Techniques.
146
�CLASSIFICATION OF ON-OFF STATES OF APPLIANCE CONSUMPTION
SIGNATURES
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Salihagić
Abstract
Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a procedure for the analysis of the changes in the power (current
and voltage) that goes into households and classifying the appliances used in the house according to
their individual energy consumption. Utility companies use smart electric meters accompanied with
NILM to examine the particular uses of electric power in households. Focus of this paper is on the
analysis of the “ACS-F2 Database of Appliance Consumption Signatures”. The challenge lies in predicting
the states of the electrical devices based on the measuring data which had been previously stored.
Machine learning techniques have demonstrated to be effective in classification and pattern recognition
tasks. In this paper, different algorithms implemented in the WEKA software are going to be used for
the classification.
Keywords: Home Appliances, Databases, Training, Classification algorithms, Monitoring, Vegetation,
Algorithm design and Analysis
147
�AN INNOVATIVE RFID-BASED SOLUTION TO SECURE PARKING SPOTS FOR
PHYSICALLY CHALLENGWS
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Enes Sukic
Sami Miniaoui
Abstract
Using RFID Technology is increasingly integrated in our daily life. We are presenting in this paper the
secured parking spots for physically challenged ‘‘SPSPC’’ system implementing the RFID technology for
managing parking slots of physically challenged. We demonstrated using scenarios (car with tag, car
with expired date tag, car without tag) that the ‘SPSPC’ system is able to recognize not only cars
equipped with tag -then send accordingly welcoming SMS -but also cars without tags by checking with
a step tag fixed in the wall. Operational mode of the ‘SPSPC’ system is illustrated as well as main
components, methods, snippets of code and interfaces are presented and commented. In addition, we
demonstrated how the ‘SPSPC’ system is providing the tracking of people committing repetitively these
violations -by reporting them to the authorities- and generating statistics on parking occupancy rates
helping in providing sufficient slots.
Keywords: RFID Technology, Parking Management, System Design
148
�III PART: Faculty of Education and Humanities
149
�HOME RHAPSODIES: CARYL PHILLIPS AND CARTOGRAPHY OF
TRANSGRESSIVITY
Ibrahim Murat Oner
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
murat.oner@ibu.edu.ba
Mustafa Bal
International University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Transgressivity, in a broad sense, denotes a state of movement from one distinct position, mode, or
territory to another, be it spatial, geographical, mental, spiritual, or even narrative. Transgression
occurs when one crosses boundaries, in other words, limes of different entities. Geocritical
transgressivity, which is a multifaceted concept, may lead to a variety of interpretations at many
different strata. Transgressivity finds echoes in Caryl Phillips’s narratives, at times in geographical forms,
where a deterritorialized character crosses borders without ever gaining reterritorialization, at other
times, in his fragmented narration where the reader stands at a threshold. Our paper uses Phillips’s A
New World Order (2001) in particular as a key text through this geocritical lens of transgressivity to see
to what extent it functions as the author’s map legend that presents a cartographic pattern of his
writing in general. Our discussion also focuses on Phillips’s distinct analyses in A New World Order to
shed light on his other narratives in a geocritical context.
Keywords: Caryl Phillips, A New World Order, Transgressivity, Deterritorialization, Reterritorialization,
Transcendental Homelessness, Rhapsody, Geocriticism
150
�COMPLEX PREDICATE CONSTRUCTIONS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE
Lola Turker
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lola.turker@ibu.edu.ba
Azamat Akbarov
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
azamat.akbarov@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Complex predicates are defined as constructions consisting of preverb/converb/coverb + ‘light verb’
(Bowern 2006). Each component of the complex construction contributes to the internal argument
structure. The typology of complex predicates exhibits cross-linguistic similarities and differences. This
study investigates the complex predicate constructions in Uzbek, which possesses a rich variety of light
verb constructions. Novel data from Uzbek is provided, and it is analyzed on the basis of proposed
criteria in the government and binding theory (GB) literature for complex predicates. The analysis
reveals that these constructions express simultaneity, cause and effect, and consecutivity. Both verbs in
complex constructions share the same subject, and they describe a single event. However, the object
may or may not be shared by both verbs. What is significant about Uzbek light verbs is that they both
host inflection, and contribute to the event structure. That is, tense and agreement markers, as well as
aspectual markers are carried by the light verb. The constituency is strict in complex predicates, and
there cannot be an intervention between the converb and the light verb by such elements as
interrogatives, negation, or temporal adverbs.
Keywords: Complex Predicates, Light Verbs, Uzbek Language, Construction, Derivation
151
�CULTURAL VARIATION IN PERCEPTION OF POLITENESS NORMS
Lola Turker
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lola.turker@ibu.edu.ba
Azamat Akbarov
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
azamat.akbarov@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This study aims to discuss the speech acts of requesting and apologizing cross-culturally and crosslinguistically. At a more specific level, the study investigates the connection between politeness and
indirectness. In the present study, multiple choice discourse completion tasks (MDCT) are used to collect
data. MDCT is a method of data collection which provides fully comparable data in different languages,
making it possible to draw conclusions about culture specific politeness norms. The data is based on
requests elicited from Bosnian and Turkish university students. The study focuses on a qualitative
analysis of data. However, a quantitative analysis is provided for cross-cultural comparison. The
description of data analysis also contains gender variable, which is provided for further extension of
research. The findings display that strategies elaborated for request and apology realizations vary
across cultures and across gender.
Keywords: Politeness, Request, Apology, Cross-Cultural Pragmatics, Discourse Strategy
152
�DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION THROUGH ENGLISH
LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS USED IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN B&H
Bećirović Senad
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
In today’s globalized world mono-cultural societies have been gradually disappearing. A trend towards
the creation of multicultural societies began in 1960s. New multicultural societies were forced by the
virtue of new conditions to engage themselves with others. The number of international institutions has
adopted documents, which became the backbone of new education policy. Therefore, school systems
worldwide began to work intensively on the promotion of intercultural values among young people.
Intercultural education is most explicitly accomplished through textbook contents which encourage
interaction, exchange, desegregation, interdependency and solidarity among people belonging to
different cultural groups living in the same territory. Yet nowadays many multicultural nations
encounter difficulties in holding together multicultural diversity and in establishing harmonious
interpersonal relationships. This work deals with content analysis as one of the most frequently applied
research methods in the field of education; and it is concerned with the analysis of the intercultural
content in English language textbooks used in B&H in elementary schools. The main goal of this research
is to determine the quantity and quality of content that point to intercultural education in the textbooks
of English language used in elementary schools in the Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research involves
both quantitative and qualitative analysis. We selected nine categories, important for intercultural
education throughout English language textbooks: identity, cooperation and friendship, respect,
tolerance, cultural relativism, stereotype, prejudice, oppression, and labeling. Results of textual analysis
will offer scientific insight about the possible contributions of English language textbooks to
intercultural education in B&H. This research for us is important because we believe that if
multiculturalism is accepted as an asset not as a burden, with its proper utilization within the education
system, multicultural nations would inevitably continue to benefit from their diversity.
153
�IMPACT OF SOCIAL CHANGES ON TEACHER’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Bećirović Senad
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Azamat Akbarov
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
azamat.akbarov@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Social changes have an enormous impact on education systems. Changes in society and the rapid
technological development in recent decades have necessitated the reform of educational system. The
social role of teachers, as well as their responsibilities and obligations have significantly altered. The
scope of work and responsibilities of teachers have become greater, but their status in society is much
lower. Increasing responsibility and obligations cause frustration and stress for teachers. Their
university education must be adapted to tailor to the new requirements and their obligations.
Permanent education during their work must function as training, so that they can deal with the new
duties and responsibilities that they face in modern times.
154
�THE DETERMINANTS OF LIFELONG LEARNING
Bećirović Senad
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Jasmina Sinanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmina.sinanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce drivers of lifelong learning and to emphasize its importance in
modern life. Developed economies throughout the world are driven more by knowledge and
globalization than were economies of even the recent past. European economies of the 20th century
were largely driven by manufacturing and the need to industrialize. Filling such economies with
functional workers required education systems of similar design, that turned out masses of equallyeducated workers in large batches. Increased automation, the widespread introduction of computer
technologies and communications, and cheaper transportation have combined to encourage firms to
be lean, international, and changing. Computer technologies encouraged sharing of documents,
speeded workflow from design to production. Cheaper transportation allowed an increase in
internationalization of workforces. These major shifts drove change from industrialized to knowledgebased economies. Paper discusses how two simple English words came together, stayed together, and
grew into a powerful term driving new political initiatives, and continue to influence political, economic,
social, and even cultural currents. Today's developed societies are rapidly aging, live longer and have
fewer children. In order to continue to grow vibrant economies, and to fully enjoy the benefits of these
vibrant economies, citizens need to continue to renew knowledge and skills during entire lifetime. As
the major technological, economic, and social currents change, so must citizens adapt by never ceasing
to learn throughout their lifetimes.
Keywords: Economics, Lifelong Learning, Lifelong Education, Knowledge Economy, Globalisation,
Change.
155
�LEARNING ENGLISH AND MEDIA LITERACY
Bećirović Senad
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Yaman
Abstract
Learning a second language has great benefits in the academia and the business world. Especially
learning English is a crucial factor in upward mobility around the world. The media have become a major
component in learning English. The media, with television, mobile phones, computers, and the internet
can provide more exposure to English language and culture as well as providing more chances to
interact and communicate with native speakers of English. The benefits of the media in language
learning are undeniable. Yet stereotyping and misrepresentation prevalent in and sophisticated
construction of media materials raise the arguable view that the media programs are promoting only
certain lifestyle and culture. Do media programs harbor cultural alienation in children? Do media
materials endorse obliteration of African, Asian, and Eastern European cultures? This paper examines
the careful usage of the media in English learning from a cultural studies and critical pedagogy
perspectives.
156
�OBRAZOVANJE BOSNJAKINJE I NJENA DRUSTVENA ULOGA U VRIJEME
OSMANSKEUPRAVE NA PROSTORU DANJASNJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Bećirović Senad
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Remzija Hurić-Bećirović
Abstract
Education is the most important social activity. Prosperous societies are constantly doing researches
and analyses in order to improve their educational systems as a means of ensuring social, economic,
and cultural development. This paper is focusing on educational system in the territory of Bosnia and
Herzegovina during the Ottoman rule. Its purpose is to determine and interpret education of a Bosniak
woman and her social role in that period. Analysis of the relevant texts proved that Bosniak women
acquired knowledge in various institutions such as maktabs, schools, tekes, etc., using Arabic lettering
and Bosančica (Bosnian Cyrillic). They had a notable place in the society and were independent in
management of their properties and even invested/founded their possessions in social institutions,
especially those of educational character. They were involved in many social activities and were
awarded titles like bula, hodzha, vaiz, muallim, hafiz, hajji, founder, and even sheikh. Also, some of them
were managers of various institutions, trying to give contribution to the wellbeing of the society,
primarily through education and investments in educational institutions or in their maintenance.
157
�THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER, MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT
IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
Bećirović Senad
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This study deals with the research into the relationship between gender, motivation and achievement
in learning English as a foreign language. A good command of English is of paramount importance for
an individual to be successful in numerous aspects of life such as professional, personal and educational.
The aim of this research was to determine how gender influences motivation and achievement in
learning English as a foreign language. The research sample consists of 185 students aged ten (fifth
grade), fourteen (ninth grade) and eighteen (twelfth grade). The results demonstrate a statistically
significant relationship between gender and motivation. Ten-year-old students exhibit the highest
motivation for learning English as a foreign language, while the eighteen-year-olds exhibit the lowest
motivation. In addition, female students are more successful at learning English as a foreign language
than male students at each group/grade level. Moreover, the findings also reveal statistically significant
results in measuring the correlation between achievement and motivation and can be highly beneficial
for teachers, parents and students in adopting the most effective approach to learning and teaching
English as a foreign language.
Keywords: Motivation, Gender, Foreign Language, Grade Level, Achievement, Correlation
158
�ENGLISH AS A WINDOW INTO UNDERSTANDING BRAIN
Ana Tankosić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ana.tankosic@ibu.edu.ba
Azamat Akbarov
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
azamat.akbarov@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to closely examine the effect od human cognitive and social levels on lexis
perception. This relationship is a concern of cognitive linguistics, which concentrates on cognitive and
cultural resources in use when the connection between words in the human brain and their usage is
made. In the same way, the schema that helps in the organization of already acquired lexis and which
simultaneously assists in the acquisition of new lexis is constructed. The field of cognitive linguistics alo
encompasses a grammatical approach called cognitive grammar. This approach to language is based
on our experience of the world and the ways we perceive and conceptualise it.Exposure to language is
mandatory to initiate the acquisition process, which is computed by the brain in various ways. Although
cognitive factors have a great impact on meaning perception, social factors cannot be overseen.
Language is not only used to express thoughts and interpret meaning, but also to construct meaning
from various contexts and discourses. During our study, we conducted an experiment followed by
interviews of participants in order to get insights into the human perception of lexis in descriptive texts,
and the process of combining these lexical items and how they form grammatical constructions.
Keywords: Cognitive Linguistics, Lexis, Perception, Social Linguistics
159
�SEVİNÇ ÇOKUM'UN HİKAYELERİ'NDE YALNIZLIK
Ayşe Dinç
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ayse.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Sezai Coşkun
Abstract
Sevinç Çokum, hikȃyelerini Türk Edebiyatında modern hayatın meselelerinin yoğun bir şekilde
işlendiği dönemde kaleme almaya başlamıştır. Çokum, hikȃyelerinde pek çok insanî meseleyi
duyarlılıkla işlemiştir. İnsanlığın başlangıcından itibaren var olan yalnızlık ise, geçmiş dönemlerde
edebiyatın bir meselesi olarak yer alsa da modern dönemde insan hayatının merkezine yerleşmesinden
dolayı öne çıkan temel birkaç meseleden biri olmuştur. Bu bağlamda ele aldığımız yalnızlık,
Çokum’un hikȃyelerine üç temel noktada yansımıştır. Modern hayatın getirdiği kentleşme,
bireyselleşme, göç gibi çeşitli olguların insan hayatını etkilemesi ve bireyi yalnızlaştırması onun
hikȃyelerinde vurguladığınoktalardan biridir. Yalnızlık, bu hikȃyelerde modern hayat neticesinde
ortaya çıkan olgular nedeniyle mekȃn değiştiren, varoluşsal sorulara cevap veremeyen veya yeni
durumuna uyumsağlayamayan bireylerin yaşadıkları bir hal olarak ortaya konulur. Sevinç Çokum,
metafizik bir yaklaşımla ele aldığı hikȃyelerinde ise yalnızlığıbireyi olgunlaştıran ve onu içsel anlamda
zenginleştiren iyi bir hal olarak ele alır. Bu tür hikȃyelerde kimizaman bireysel gelişimi tamamlayan
bir olgu olarak yer alırken bazıdurumlarda ise kişiyi ermişlik mertebesine çıkaran bir hal olarak
kurgulanır. Çokum’un hikȃyelerinde üçüncühal olarak ise eşya ve yalnızlık ilişkisi işlenir. Eşyanın ancak
insanla birlikte değer kazanmasına vurgu yapılan bu hikȃyelerde varlığa metafizik bir boyutta
bakışsöz konusudur. Çokum, hayatı, değişimi, bireyin içdünyasına yansıyanlarıeşyanın yalnız hali
üzerinden kurgular.Çokum’un hikȃyelerinde temel meselelerden biri olarak karşımıza çıkan yalnızlık,
çok yönlü olarak kurgulanmakta ve yazarın edebî şahsiyetinin temel özelliklerinden biri olarak öne
çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada Çokum’un metinleri söz konusu çerçevede incelenecektir.
Keywords: Türk Hikȃyesi, Yalnızlık, Modernite, Gelenek, Sevinç Çokum
160
�MUŠKO-ŽENSKI ODNOSI KROZ POSLOVICE U B/H/S I ENGLESKOM JEZIKU
Vildana Dubravac
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
vildana.dubravac@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The male-female relationship constitutes an eternal enigma analysed in different ways throughout the
history. The status of women through the ages has been significantly different from the status of men;
the domestic domain of their home has been regarded as a female space, while the public life has been
reserved for males. Women have been invisible in many aspects of life; the procreation has been viewed
as their most important function, while not protesting and accepting the fate in silence have been
considered their highest virtues. The present paper illustrates how this topic is described in proverbs,
and the contrastive analysis sheds light on the similarities/differences between the conception of
women, men and the relationship between them in two languages: B/C/S and English. Although the
results indicate that in both languages the dichotomy male-female does not divide the world into two
symmetrical parts with regard to the power, freedom and rights being marked by the male dominance,
the inequality is more visible in B/C/S.
Keywords: Proverb, Contrastive Analysis, Male-Female Relationship
161
�ENGLISH IN BOSNIAN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE
Vildana Dubravac
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
vildana.dubravac@ibu.edu.ba
Eldin Milak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
eldin.milak@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
English, as today’s lingua franca is not only spoken by an unprecedented number of people but it also
exerts a great influence over other languages serving as a fertile field for lexical borrowing. The present
paper aims to illustrate the impact of English on the standard Bosnian language as evidenced in the
language use in advertising. It is expected the the influence of the current global language is especially
present in this domain, since it uses different resources including language to attract the attention of
the audience and to transmit the idea od modern lifestyle.
The paper investigates language use, the use of English expressions in Bosnian, the level to which they
have been adapted, assimilated and integrated into the system of the Bosnian language, in different
advertisments people are exposed to on televisions, in print media, billboards or product packaging.
Both local and foreign-sourced advertisments are taken into consideration to see whether thay follow
the same trends.
Keywords: Language Borrowing, Language Change, Global Language.
162
�TEST-TAKING STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF TOEFL READING
Ceylani Akay
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ceylani.akay@ibu.edu.ba
Salih Cıngıllıoğlu
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This study aims to contribute to the exploration of test-taking strategies readers use in the
reading component of the TOEFL. By means of verbal reports and observation, this study explores how
the two types of readers respond to multiple choice tests and use test taking strategies. The results
yielded that average readers used significantly fewer strategies than did good readers, which
contradicts the 1991 study by Anderson that found both types of readers use the same number
of strategies. However, the results support Anderson’s claim that good readers can manage their
strategies better than average readers.
Keywords: Reading proficiency,Test strategies, TOEFL.
163
�AN INVESTIGATION OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY
UNIVERSITY ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING STUDENTS IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA: CONSIDERING THE GENDER VARIABLE
Ceylani Akay
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ceylani.akay@ibu.edu.ba
Salih Cıngıllıoğlu
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the language learning strategies used by English Language
Teaching students in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Oxford's Stratetegy Inventory Language Learning
(SILL) was conducted to investigate the differences between male and female university students in
BiH.The study also explores the effect of gender on strategy choice of university students in BiH in the
ELT departments. The more we discover about the language learning strategies, the more we influence
the performance of language learners. This study contributes to further implications for research on
language learning strategies, material design and teacher education.
Keywords: Language Learning, Teaching, Metacognitive, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
164
�Contents
I PART: Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences................... 2
THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EFFECTIVENESS OF NGOS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
................................................................................................. 3
Ali Coskun ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Hasan Metin.................................................................................................................................................................. 3
THE MICROFINANCE TALE: THE BRIGHT AND DARK SIDES OF THE NARRATIVE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA EXPERIENCES
(CHAPTER 17) .......................................................................... 4
Ali Coskun ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Zehra Mahmutović ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
BEHAVIORAL FINANCE PERSPECTIVE ON MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING UNDER RISK IN COMMERCIAL BANKS 5
Ali Coskun ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Amra Halaba ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
MACD - ANALYSIS OF WEAKNESSES OF THE MOST POWERFUL TECHNICAL ANALYSIS TOOL
6
Sanel Halilbegović ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A DEVELOPING MARKETS STOCK EXCHANGE MERGERS: CASE OF A BORSA ISTANBUL AND
SARAJEVO STOCK EXCHANGE................................................. 7
Sanel Halilbegović ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
LIMITATIONS AND INCONSISTENCIES OF STANDALONE USAGE OF STOCHASTICS INDICATOR IN STOCK TRADING 8
Sanel Halilbegović ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Elvisa Buljubašić ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
IMPACT OF HIGHER EDUCATION SERVICE QUALITY ON STUDENT SATISFACTION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LOYALTY:
FOCUS ON FIRST CYCLE OF STUDIES AT ACCREDITED HEI IN BH
9
Emina Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
THE IMPACT OF THE RUSSIA-GEORGIA WAR IN SOUTH OSSETIA AND THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE EXPORT OF
GEORGIA ............................................................................... 10
Ahmet Sekretar........................................................................................................................................................... 10
MEASURING THE EFFECT OF TRADE OPENNESS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN CASE OF GEORGIA
11
Ahmet Sekretar........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Azer Dilanchev ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
165
�WHAT DETERMINES POST-IPO MARKET PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH IPOS
12
Ahmet Sekretar........................................................................................................................................................... 12
Fatih Macit .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Selver Seda.................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Esra Simsek ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE BALKAN REGION
13
Teoman Duman .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Merdžana Obralić ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Erkan Ilgün .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Uğur Ergun .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
IMPACT OF LEASING PERFORMANCE FACTORS ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION; EMPHASIS ON VB LEASING
14
Merdžana Obralić ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
Almir Ljeskovica .......................................................................................................................................................... 14
THE IMPACT OF VIRTUALIZATION AND CLOUD COMPUTING TO MODERN BUSINESS
16
Merdžana Obralić ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
Aida Habul................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Miza Habul .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Dario Frimel ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
IMPLEMENTATION METHODS AND TOOLS FOR CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN
SME ....................................................................................... 18
Merdžana Obralić ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Aida Habul................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Dževad Šašić................................................................................................................................................................ 18
EXPLORING THE DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 19
Nataša Tandir .............................................................................................................................................................. 19
Zafer Konakli ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
PERCEIVED SATISFACTION WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE: CASE STUDY OF GRAS
20
Nataša Tandir .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Haris Tandir ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
SUPPORTING THE THEORY ON THE POTENTIALS OF IMMOBILE RESOURCES FOR CREATING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
IN RURAL AREAS ................................................................... 21
Nataša Tandir .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
166
�Zafer Konakli ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Sabahudin Bajramović ................................................................................................................................................ 21
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA – CASE STUDY............................................... 22
Nataša Tandir .............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Zafer Konakli ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
Sabahudin Bajramović ................................................................................................................................................ 22
INFLUENCE OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ON FORMING COUNTRY IMAGE AND DEVELOPING THE
COUNTRY BRAND USING PUBLIC DIPLOMACY .................... 24
Mehmet Turker ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Zafer Konakli ............................................................................................................................................................... 24
THE PERCEPTION OF INFORMATIONAL BARRIERS TO THE INTERNATIONALISATION OF BOTH MICRO-SMALL SIZED AND
MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES .............................................. 25
Mehmet Turker ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Zafer Konakli ............................................................................................................................................................... 25
PRIMING THE NATION FOR WAR: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EMERGENCE AND DISCURSIVE MACHINATIONS OF THE SERB
DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN PRE-WAR BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 26
Adis Maksić ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS IT SECURITY IN ONLINE BANKING BY STUDENTS OF ALBANIA 27
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Nedim Makarević........................................................................................................................................................ 27
PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS TOWARDS QUALITY OF SERVICES AT PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA .............................................................. 28
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Edin Smajić .................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Aldina Rastoder .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
Ekrem Nurović ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN FOSTERING INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
29
Nedim Čelebić ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Aziz Šunje .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Ermin Cero .................................................................................................................................................................. 29
ROLE OF PERCEPTION IN THE STRATEGIC MAKING PROCESS: CASE OF THE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE FEDERATION
OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................................... 30
167
�Nedim Čelebić ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Aziz Šunje .................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Dženan Kulović ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
THE IMPACTS OF ETHICAL CLIMATE TYPES ON NURSES’ BEHAVIORS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
31
Muhammet Said Dinc ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Alma Hurić .................................................................................................................................................................. 31
THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL ATTITUDE, SUBJECTIVE NORM, AND PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL ON
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF WOMEN ..................... 33
Muhammet Said Dinc ................................................................................................................................................. 33
Semira Budić ............................................................................................................................................................... 33
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE’S JOB SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ............................................ 34
Muhammet Said Dinc .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Hamidullah Bayram .................................................................................................................................................... 34
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ETHICAL CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A STUDY OF
NURSES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA.............................. 35
Muhammet Said Dinc ................................................................................................................................................. 35
Alma Hurić .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Aldina Rastoder .......................................................................................................................................................... 35
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF
PRIVATE PRIMARY AND HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
36
Muhammet Said Dinc ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Hatice Senyurt ............................................................................................................................................................ 36
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, GENDER AND PERFORMANCE IN FINANCE SECTOR
............................................................................................... 37
Muhammet Said Dinc ................................................................................................................................................. 37
Azra Prašović ............................................................................................................................................................... 37
HOW WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND WORK VALUES DIFFER FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
............................................................................................... 38
Muhammet Said Dinc ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Muzaffer Aydemir ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
Mehmet Çağlar ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG PERSONAL BACKGROUND, PERSONALITY TRAITS, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENSION OF WOMEN IN NORTHERN MONTENEGRO
168
39
�Muhammet Said Dinc ................................................................................................................................................. 39
Minela Hadžić ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
IMPACT OF A BRAND ON CONSUMER DECISION MAKING PROCESS
40
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 40
Sulejman Hibić ............................................................................................................................................................ 40
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON BRAND EQUITY AND BRAND PURCHASE INTENTION: A CASE STUDY
ON DOMESTIC BRANDS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA .... 41
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 41
Sumeja Softić .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT REVIEW OF WHAT WAS STUDIED AND WHERE WAS RESEARCHED
............................................................................................... 42
Nereida Hadziahmetović ............................................................................................................................................ 42
KNOWLEDGE AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT: A SHARED APPROACH TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
43
Meliha Handžić ........................................................................................................................................................... 43
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SELECTION MODEL FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT
44
Meliha Handžić ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND PROJECT SUCCESS 45
Meliha Handžić ........................................................................................................................................................... 45
Nermina Durmić ......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Adnan Kraljić ............................................................................................................................................................... 45
Tarik Kraljić ................................................................................................................................................................. 45
A CONTINGENCY APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: FINDING THE BEST FIT 47
Meliha Handžić ........................................................................................................................................................... 47
Muhammed Kürşad Özlen .......................................................................................................................................... 47
Nermina Durmić ......................................................................................................................................................... 47
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT MEETS HUMANITIES: A CASE STUDY OF DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE VISUALISATION
............................................................................................... 48
Meliha Handžić ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Senada Dizdar ............................................................................................................................................................. 48
HETEROSKEDASTICITY CONSISTENT COVARIANCE MATRIX ESTIMATORS IN SMALL SAMPLES WITH HIGH LEVERAGE
POINTS .................................................................................. 50
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
Esra Şimşek ................................................................................................................................................................ 50
169
�ETHICAL AND SYSTEMIC DILEMMAS OF CREDIT RATINGS .. 51
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 51
Hami Sakab ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Harun Yükselc ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
BLACK SWAN STICKING OUT IN TURKISH BANKING SECTOR52
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 52
Hasan Gocen ............................................................................................................................................................... 52
Halit Akturk ................................................................................................................................................................. 52
II PART: Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences ......... 53
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE DETECTION USING RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER 54
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 54
MALICIOUS WEB SITES DETECTION USING C4.5 DECISION TREE
55
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 55
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 55
SENSOR FUSION FOR SOLAR CAR ROUTE OPTIMIZATION... 56
Mehrija Hasičić ........................................................................................................................................................... 56
Damir Bilić ................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 56
MURDER ON THE EINSTEIN EXPRESS AND OTHER STORIES 57
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 57
OTPORNOST BETONSKIH KONSTRUKCIJA NA POŽAR .......... 58
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 58
OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INDUSTRIAL HALLS WITH MAIN GIRDERS “I TYPE”
ACCORDING TO EUROCODE 2 FOR SERVICEABILITY AND DURABILITY 59
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 59
Husein Okugić ............................................................................................................................................................. 59
COMPARISON OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS AND GANTT CHART APPROACH IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT ..................................................................... 60
Omar Kapetanović ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
Sarina Šabotić ............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 60
Emir Bračković ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
170
�STRAW – CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL OF HISTORY AND FUTURE, SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING........................................................................ 62
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 62
Maja Popovac Roso .................................................................................................................................................... 62
OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF MAIN GIRDERS OF "TYPE A" FOR THE PREFABRICATED PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE INDUSTRIAL HALLS FOR SERVICEABILITY AND DURABILITY ACCORDING TO EC2
63
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 63
Husein Okugić ............................................................................................................................................................. 63
JAJCE – TOWN OF SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN NATURE AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT-ST. LUKA’S TOWER - ARCHITECTURAL AND
STRUCTURAL LANDMARK..................................................... 64
Omar Kapetanović ...................................................................................................................................................... 64
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 64
UTICAJ DEBLJINE POKROVNOG SLOJA BETONA NA OTPORNOST NA POŽAR ARMIRANOBETONSKIH PLOČA PREMA
EUROCODE 2 ......................................................................... 65
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Hamdo Mešić .............................................................................................................................................................. 65
APPLICATION OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY PRINCIPLES IN ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENTS AND THE USE OF FRACTAL
ANALYSIS SOFTWARES FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENTS
66
Emina Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 66
Lejla Kargić .................................................................................................................................................................. 66
CULTURAL REFLECTIONS ON ARCHITECTURAL SPACE: THE CASE OF SINGLE RESIDENTIAL UNIT
67
Emina Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 67
Erna Husukić ............................................................................................................................................................... 67
MOTIVATION OF ENGINEERS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY68
Ahmed El Sayed .......................................................................................................................................................... 68
Ismail Hakki Demir ...................................................................................................................................................... 68
CHARACTERISTICS OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS IN THE WEST BALKANS: A FIRST REPORT
............................................................................................... 69
Elma Ferić Bojić ........................................................................................................................................................... 69
Monia Avdić Ibrišimović ............................................................................................................................................. 69
Mirsada Hukić ............................................................................................................................................................. 69
Sanja Jakovac .............................................................................................................................................................. 69
171
�Borka Tutiš .................................................................................................................................................................. 69
Maja Ostojić ................................................................................................................................................................ 69
A NOVEL HYBRID CONTOURING CONTROL METHOD FOR 3-DOF ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS
71
Tarik Uzunović ............................................................................................................................................................ 71
Eray A. Baran .............................................................................................................................................................. 71
Edin Golubović ............................................................................................................................................................ 71
Asif Šabanović ............................................................................................................................................................. 71
EMBEDDED AUTOMATIC SCHEDULING SYSTEM .................. 73
Damir Bilić ................................................................................................................................................................... 73
Tarik Uzunović ............................................................................................................................................................ 73
FORCE CONTROL OF PIEZOELECTRIC WALKER ..................... 74
Tarik Uzunović ............................................................................................................................................................ 74
Edin Golubović ............................................................................................................................................................ 74
Asif Šabanović ............................................................................................................................................................. 74
FORMATION CONTROL OF DIFFERENTIAL-DRIVE MOBILE ROBOTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF FUNCTIONALLY RELATED
SYSTEMS................................................................................ 75
Tarik Uzunović ............................................................................................................................................................ 75
Asif Šabanović ............................................................................................................................................................. 75
DSC-BASED IMPLEMENTATION FOR POWER CONTROL OF DFIG IN MICROGRID APPLICATIONS
76
Tarik Uzunović ............................................................................................................................................................ 76
Burak Soner ................................................................................................................................................................ 76
Emre Ozsoy ................................................................................................................................................................. 76
Edin Golubović ............................................................................................................................................................ 76
Asif Šabanović ............................................................................................................................................................. 76
CULTURAL REFLECTIONS ON ARCHITECTURAL SPACE: THE CASE OF SINGLE RESIDENTIAL UNIT
77
Emina Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 77
Erna Husukić ............................................................................................................................................................... 77
EVALUATION OF THE BROWNFIELD REGENERATION PROCESS - CASE STUDY OF SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
............................................................................................... 78
Ajla Gegić .................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Erna Husukić ............................................................................................................................................................... 78
SHEEP WOOL AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
172
79
�Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 79
Azra Korjenic ............................................................................................................................................................... 79
Almedina Hadžić ......................................................................................................................................................... 79
Sinan Korjenić ............................................................................................................................................................. 79
ANALYSIS OF ONE EXAMPLE OF THE RESTORATION IN TERMS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA....................................................................... 80
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 80
Adnan Novalić ............................................................................................................................................................. 80
Lejla Kargić .................................................................................................................................................................. 80
Ajla Gegić .................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Selvira Heldovac ......................................................................................................................................................... 80
ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL RENEWABLE MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING SECTOR
82
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 82
Adnan Novalić ............................................................................................................................................................. 82
Zedina Hujdur ............................................................................................................................................................. 82
Isminur Aybek ............................................................................................................................................................. 82
Amar Dautović ............................................................................................................................................................ 82
CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS OF TRADITIONAL, NATURAL, RENEWABLE MATERIALS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
............................................................................................... 84
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 84
KONZERVATORSKE INTERVENCIJE NA OBJEKTIMA VERNAKULARNE ARHITEKTURE – PRIMJER BIŠĆEVIĆA KUĆE U
MOSTARU ............................................................................. 85
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 85
Maja Popovac Roso .................................................................................................................................................... 85
Amra Šarančić Logo .................................................................................................................................................... 85
LUKOMIR – SINONIM BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKE VERNAKULARNE ARHITEKTURE
86
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 86
Boris Trapara............................................................................................................................................................... 86
Maja Popovac Roso .................................................................................................................................................... 86
AN EFFECTIVE COMBINING CLASSIFIER APPROACH USING TREE ALGORITHMS FOR NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION
............................................................................................... 87
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 87
Samed Jukić ................................................................................................................................................................ 87
173
�Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 87
COMPARISON OF SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN CLASSIFICATION OF EEG SIGNALS FOR MOTOR-IMAGERY BCI
SYSTEM ................................................................................. 88
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 88
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 88
SURVEY OF LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS AROUND THE WORLD IN BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 AND 4 LABORATORIES
............................................................................................... 89
Mirsada Hukic ............................................................................................................................................................. 89
Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN TURKISH POPULATION, COLL
90
Serkan Dogan .............................................................................................................................................................. 90
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................... 90
Larisa Bešić .................................................................................................................................................................. 90
Mirsada Hukic ............................................................................................................................................................. 90
Yusuf Turan ................................................................................................................................................................. 90
Gulsen Doğan .............................................................................................................................................................. 90
Biljana Klimenta .......................................................................................................................................................... 90
Dragan Primorac ......................................................................................................................................................... 90
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES AND GENETIC SIMILARITIES WITHIN A NEW GENERATION OF CARBAPENEMRESISTANT ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS-A. BAUMANNII COMPLEX RESISTOTYPES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
............................................................................................... 92
Mirsada Hukic ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
Aydin Çöl ..................................................................................................................................................................... 92
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ............................................................................................................................................... 92
Irma Salimović-Bešić ................................................................................................................................................... 92
EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE OF THE MEASLES OUTBREAK IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA....................................................................... 93
Mirsada Hukic ............................................................................................................................................................. 93
Irma Salimović-Bešić ................................................................................................................................................... 93
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ............................................................................................................................................... 93
Aydin Çöl ..................................................................................................................................................................... 93
DETECTION OF PUUMALA VIRUS IN THE TISSUE OF INFECTED NATURALLY RODENT HOSTS IN THE AREA OF CENTRAL
DINARIDES ............................................................................ 94
Mirsada Hukic ............................................................................................................................................................. 94
174
�Edina Dervović ............................................................................................................................................................ 94
APPLICATION OF A PARALLEL SYNTHETIC STRATEGY IN THE DISCOVERY OF BIARYL ACYL SULFONAMIDES AS EFFICIENT
AND SELECTIVE ..................................................................... 95
Elma Ferić Bojić ........................................................................................................................................................... 95
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESSDISORDER (PTSD) AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND
PERSONALIZED THERAPY: RATIONALE, DESIGN AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE)-PTSD STUDY
............................................................................................... 96
Elma Ferić Bojić ........................................................................................................................................................... 96
Damir Marjanović ....................................................................................................................................................... 96
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD): CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, EMERGING TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND
IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE ............................................... 97
Almir Badnjević ........................................................................................................................................................... 97
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................... 97
Elma Ferić Bojić ........................................................................................................................................................... 97
Mario Cifrek ................................................................................................................................................................ 97
WORLDWIDE POPULATION CLUSTERING BASED ON 23 Y-STR LOCI.
98
Serkan Dogan .............................................................................................................................................................. 98
Elma Ferić Bojić ........................................................................................................................................................... 98
Damir Marjanović ....................................................................................................................................................... 98
Mirsada Hukić ............................................................................................................................................................. 98
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Yusuf Turan ................................................................................................................................................................. 98
Monia Avdić ................................................................................................................................................................ 98
Sanida Buljubasić ........................................................................................................................................................ 98
CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF UNCERTAINTY MODELLING METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
100
Jasna Hivziefendić ..................................................................................................................................................... 100
Jasmin Kevrić ............................................................................................................................................................ 100
MANAGEMENT OF THE POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS USING FUZZY LOGIC
101
Jasna Hivziefendić ..................................................................................................................................................... 101
Mirza Šarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 101
OPTIMAL NETWORK RECONFIGURATION WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION USING NSGA II ALGORITHM 102
Jasna Hivziefendić ..................................................................................................................................................... 102
Amir Hadžimehmedović ........................................................................................................................................... 102
175
�Majda Tesanović ....................................................................................................................................................... 102
GENETIC HERITAGE OF THE BALTO-SLAVIC SPEAKING POPULATIONS: A SYNTHESIS OF AUTOSOMAL, MITOCHONDRIAL
AND Y-CHROMOSOMAL DATA ........................................... 103
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 103
Alena Kushniarevich ................................................................................................................................................. 103
OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN POPULATION CLUSTERING BASED ON 23 Y-STR LOCI
104
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 104
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 104
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 104
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 104
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 104
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 104
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Sanida Buljubasić ...................................................................................................................................................... 105
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND
PERSONALIZED THERAPY: RATIONALE, DESIGN, AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE)-PTSD STUDY
............................................................................................. 106
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 106
Alma Džubur-Kulenović ............................................................................................................................................ 106
PREDICTION OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS WITHIN A RECENTLY SETTLED TURKISH POPULATION IN
SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................... 108
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 108
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 108
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 108
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 108
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 108
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 108
Gulsen Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 108
Biljana Klimenta ........................................................................................................................................................ 108
Dragan Primorac ....................................................................................................................................................... 109
GENOMIC ANALYSES INFORM ON MIGRATION EVENTS DURING THE PEOPLING OF EURASIA
110
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 110
176
�Luca Pagani ............................................................................................................................................................... 110
DIAGNOSTIC OF ASTHMA USING FUZZY RULES IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND
PHYSICIANS EXPERIENCE .................................................... 111
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 111
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 111
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 111
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 111
CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
112
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 112
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 112
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 112
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 112
TEN-YEAR TRENDS IN PREVALENCE OF DOWN SYNDROME IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: IMPACT OF THE MATERNAL
AGE AND PRENATAL SCREENING ....................................... 113
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 113
COMPARISON OF MLL FUSION GENES EXPRESSION AMONG THE CYTOGENETICS ABNORMALITIES OF ACUTE MYELOID
LEUKEMIA AND THEIR CLINICAL EFFECTS .......................... 114
Senol Dogan .............................................................................................................................................................. 114
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 114
Albenita Hajrović ...................................................................................................................................................... 114
Muhamed Lišić .......................................................................................................................................................... 114
Ercan Gokgoz ............................................................................................................................................................ 114
THE DETECTION OF EXTREMELY HIGH AND LOW EXPRESSED GENES BY EGEF ALGORITHM IN INVASIVE BREAST CANCER
............................................................................................. 115
Senol Dogan .............................................................................................................................................................. 115
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 115
Gunay Karli................................................................................................................................................................ 115
ANALYSIS OF GAUCHER DISEASE RESPONSIBLE GENES IN COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA
116
Senol Dogan .............................................................................................................................................................. 116
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 116
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 116
Mesut Karatas ........................................................................................................................................................... 116
177
�DIAGNOSTICS OF COMMON MICRODELETION SYNDROMES USING FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION: SINGLE
CENTER EXPERIENCE IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY............ 117
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 117
THE REALITY OF CANCER TREATMENT IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE EFFECTS OF DELAYED TKI TREATMENT ON
SURVIVAL, CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS
118
Amina Kurtović-Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 118
APPLICATION OF ISOTHERMAL TITRATION CALORIMETRY IN EVALUATION OF PROTEIN–NANOPARTICLE INTERACTIONS
............................................................................................. 119
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 119
Iain Manfield ............................................................................................................................................................. 119
Terry Wilkins ............................................................................................................................................................. 119
PHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT FRUIT TISSUES OF FIVE AUTOCHTHONOUS APPLE CULTIVARS IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA..................................................................... 120
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 120
Maida Đapo .............................................................................................................................................................. 120
Esma Velagić-Habul .................................................................................................................................................. 120
Fuad Gaši................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Jasmin Grahić ............................................................................................................................................................ 120
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β-GLUCOSIDASE FROM AGARICUS BISPORUS (WHITE BUTTON
MUSHROOM) ...................................................................... 122
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 122
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 122
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 122
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 122
Imer Muhović............................................................................................................................................................ 122
PREDICTION OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS WITHIN A RECENTLY SETTLED TURKISH POPULATION IN
SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................... 124
Enisa Omanović-Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 124
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 124
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 124
CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE BASED ON NEURO-FUZZY SOFTWARE IN: CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD): CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, EMERGING TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND IMPACT
ON QUALITY OF LIFE ........................................................... 126
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 126
178
�Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 126
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 126
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 126
TESTING OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS AND INFANT INCUBATORS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
128
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 128
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 128
SOFTWARE SOLUTION FOR TRACKING INSPECTION PROCESSES OF MEDICAL DEVICES FROM LEGAL METROLOGY
SYSTEM ............................................................................... 129
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 129
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 129
Dijana Sejdinović ...................................................................................................................................................... 129
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 129
Layla Abdel-Ilah ........................................................................................................................................................ 129
Emir Žunić ................................................................................................................................................................. 129
DIAGNOSTIC OF ASTHMA USING FUZZY RULES IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND
PHYSICIANS EXPERIENCE .................................................... 131
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 131
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 131
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 131
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 131
CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
132
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 132
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 132
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 132
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 132
DEVELOPMENT AND PERSPECTIVES OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN SOUTH EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
133
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 133
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 133
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE DISCRIMINATION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING BIOMARKERS DATA
134
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 134
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 134
Almir Aljović .............................................................................................................................................................. 134
179
�CLASSIFICATION OF STRESS RECOGNITION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
135
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 135
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 135
Dijana Sejdinović ...................................................................................................................................................... 135
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 135
DYNAMICAL MODEL OF TUBERCULOSIS-MULTIPLE STRAIN PREDICTION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK 136
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 136
Ahmed Osmanović.................................................................................................................................................... 136
Adnan Fojnica ........................................................................................................................................................... 136
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β‐GLUCOSIDASE FROM BRASSICA OLERACEA
137
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 137
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 137
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 137
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 137
Imer Muhović............................................................................................................................................................ 137
ORBITAL PSEUDOTUMOR WITH EXTRAORBITAL EXTENSION IN CHILDHOOD - A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF
LITERATURE......................................................................... 139
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 139
Anes Mašović ............................................................................................................................................................ 139
Ibrahim Omerhodžić ................................................................................................................................................. 139
Emina Hrvat .............................................................................................................................................................. 139
Edin Begić .................................................................................................................................................................. 139
MICRO CELL CULTURE ANALOG APPARATUS (µCCA) OUTPUT PREDICTION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK 140
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 140
Halida Avdihodžić ..................................................................................................................................................... 140
Sabina Halilović ......................................................................................................................................................... 140
SENSOR FUSSION FOR SOLAR CAR ROUTE OPTIMIZATION141
Mehrija Hasičić ......................................................................................................................................................... 141
Haris Šiljak................................................................................................................................................................. 141
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE ESTIMATION 142
Mehrija Hasičić ......................................................................................................................................................... 142
Haris Šiljak................................................................................................................................................................. 142
180
�Damir Bilić ................................................................................................................................................................. 142
COMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN PHISHING WEBSITE CLASSIFICATION
143
Adnan Hodžić ............................................................................................................................................................ 143
Jasmin Kevrić ............................................................................................................................................................ 143
USING DATABASE AUDIT FOR ANALYZING SUSPICIOUS BEHAVIOR ON HISTORICAL DATA
144
Adnan Hodžić ............................................................................................................................................................ 144
Adem Karadag .......................................................................................................................................................... 144
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND PROJECT SUCCESS 145
Nermina Durmić ....................................................................................................................................................... 145
COMPARISON OF ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND SINGLE CLASSIFIERS PERFORMANCE FOR CUSTOMER
CREDIT ASSESSMENT .......................................................... 146
Adnan Dželihodžić .................................................................................................................................................... 146
Dženana Đonko......................................................................................................................................................... 146
CLASSIFICATION OF ON-OFF STATES OF APPLIANCE CONSUMPTION SIGNATURES
147
Nejdet Dogru ............................................................................................................................................................ 147
Jasmin Kevrić ............................................................................................................................................................ 147
Emir Salihagić ............................................................................................................................................................ 147
AN INNOVATIVE RFID-BASED SOLUTION TO SECURE PARKING SPOTS FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGWS
148
Nejdet Dogru ............................................................................................................................................................ 148
Enes Sukic ................................................................................................................................................................. 148
Sami Miniaoui ........................................................................................................................................................... 148
III PART: Faculty of Education and Humanities .................. 149
HOME RHAPSODIES: CARYL PHILLIPS AND CARTOGRAPHY OF TRANSGRESSIVITY
150
Ibrahim Murat Oner ................................................................................................................................................. 150
Mustafa Bal ............................................................................................................................................................... 150
COMPLEX PREDICATE CONSTRUCTIONS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE
151
Lola Turker ................................................................................................................................................................ 151
Azamat Akbarov ....................................................................................................................................................... 151
CULTURAL VARIATION IN PERCEPTION OF POLITENESS NORMS
152
Lola Turker ................................................................................................................................................................ 152
Azamat Akbarov ....................................................................................................................................................... 152
181
�DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION THROUGH ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS USED IN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOLS IN B&H ................................................................ 153
Bećirović Senad ......................................................................................................................................................... 153
IMPACT OF SOCIAL CHANGES ON TEACHER’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
154
Bećirović Senad ......................................................................................................................................................... 154
Azamat Akbarov ....................................................................................................................................................... 154
THE DETERMINANTS OF LIFELONG LEARNING................... 155
Bećirović Senad ......................................................................................................................................................... 155
Jasmina Sinanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 155
LEARNING ENGLISH AND MEDIA LITERACY........................ 156
Bećirović Senad ......................................................................................................................................................... 156
Adnan Yaman............................................................................................................................................................ 156
OBRAZOVANJE BOSNJAKINJE I NJENA DRUSTVENA ULOGA U VRIJEME OSMANSKEUPRAVE NA PROSTORU DANJASNJE
BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE....................................................... 157
Bećirović Senad ......................................................................................................................................................... 157
Remzija Hurić-Bećirović ............................................................................................................................................ 157
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER, MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND
LANGUAGE .......................................................................... 158
Bećirović Senad ......................................................................................................................................................... 158
ENGLISH AS A WINDOW INTO UNDERSTANDING BRAIN .. 159
Ana Tankosić ............................................................................................................................................................. 159
Azamat Akbarov ....................................................................................................................................................... 159
SEVİNÇ ÇOKUM'UN HİKAYELERİ'NDE YALNIZLIK ............... 160
Ayşe Dinç................................................................................................................................................................... 160
Sezai Coşkun ............................................................................................................................................................. 160
MUŠKO-ŽENSKI ODNOSI KROZ POSLOVICE U B/H/S I ENGLESKOM JEZIKU
161
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 161
ENGLISH IN BOSNIAN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE .............. 162
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 162
Eldin Milak ................................................................................................................................................................ 162
TEST-TAKING STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF TOEFL READING 163
Ceylani Akay.............................................................................................................................................................. 163
182
�Salih Cıngıllıoğlu ........................................................................................................................................................ 163
AN INVESTIGATION OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY UNIVERSITY ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
STUDENTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: CONSIDERING THE GENDER VARIABLE
164
Ceylani Akay.............................................................................................................................................................. 164
Salih Cıngıllıoğlu ........................................................................................................................................................ 164
183
�International Burch University
Francuske revolucije bb
Sarajevo
Tel. +387 33 944 400
Email: info@ibu.edu.ba
71 210 Ilidža,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Fax +387 33 944 500
Web: www.ibu.edu.ba
�
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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Publication Office (2015 – 2016), Sarajevo, BiH
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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Publication Office (2015 – 2016), Sarajevo, BiH
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International Burch University
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Mekić, Ajdin
Date
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2018
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https://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/d78aeb69813adf633609c23718168fed.pdf
da5c9baf205e48e4d03fc5b05e054774
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God. 2, Br. 2 (2016/17)
Book of Abstracts
2016/2017
Publications Office
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
�BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Publication Office (2016 – 2017), Sarajevo, BiH
Publisher: International Burch University
Editor: Ajdin MEKIĆ
Printed by: International Burch University
Circulation: 15 copies
Place of Publication: Sarajevo
Copyright: International Burch University, 2018
ISSN: 2566-4670
International Burch University
Francuske revolucije bb
Sarajevo
Tel. +387 33 944 400
Email: info@ibu.edu.ba
1
71 210 Ilidža,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Fax +387 33 944 500
Web: www.ibu.edu.ba
�I PART: Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences
2
�IMPACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CAPABILITY AND ISO 9001
EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF EXPORTING
COMPANIES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Ensar Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Organizational Learning
Capability, ISO 9001 Effectiveness and Financial Performance of Bosnian exporters. Based on literature
review, a conceptual model was validated and the hypotheses were proposed. The measurement
instrument used in this study is a structured survey prepared based on literature review. The target
population were the managers of Bosnian exporters that have the ISO 9001 standard implemented in
the company. In total, 84 surveys were completed by respondents, which is sample good enough for the
entity of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Before conducting a regression analysis in Software
Package for Social Sciences, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted and five items were
extracted. The regression results indicated a strong and positive influence of ISO 9001 Effectiveness on
Financial Performance and Organizational Learning Capability of Bosnian exporters. A positive
relationship of Organizational Learning Capability and Financial Performance was not confirmed.
Keywords: ISO 9001 Effectiveness, Organizational Learning Capability, Financial Performance
3
�IMPACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CAPABILITY AND ISO 9001
EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF EXPORTING
COMPANIES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Nereida Hadžiahmetović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nereida.hadziahmetovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Human resources are the most important factor of quality at universities and in research. Therefore,
universities must try to improve their human workforce quantitatively as well as qualitatively, by
creating, attracting, and retaining experts at universities. The aim of this research is to evaluate the
importance of the reward system as a factor of affective commitment and the effect of affective
commitment on the organizational performance. The research was conducted in the universities located
in the Central and Eastern Europe. In order to test the proposed hypotheses, exploratory factor analysis
and mediation tests are applied, using 148 sample data from universities' academic and administration
staff. The results indicate that organizational rewards play a significant role in influencing employees'
attitudes related to improving the organizational performance. However, organizational performance
is not influenced directly by organizational rewards, but through affective commitment. Organizational
rewards are needed to increase the level of employees' commitment that will in return have a positive
effect on employees' desire to contribute more to the organizational performance.
Keywords:
Extrinsic Rewards, Intrinsic Rewards, Affective Commitment, Human Resources
Management, Organizational Performance
4
�EFFECTS OF ISO 9001 EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF
EXPORTING COMPANIES: REVIEW AND A PROPOSED MODEL
Ensar Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to offer a conceptual model which is based on carefully reviewed literature.
The model consists of three important variables: ISO 9001 Effectiveness, financial performance of
exporting companies, and organizational learning capability. The model proposes direct impact of ISO
9001 Effectiveness on financial performance of companies which are exporting their products/services.
However, the relationship between organizational learning capability and financial performance of
exporting companies is included in the model. Moreover, mediating role of organizational learning
capability is also considered in the model of this study.
Keywords: Exporting Companies, ISO 9001 Effectiveness, Quality, Organizational Learning Capability,
Financial Performance
5
�IMPACT OF CARING CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND AFFECTIVE
COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR
OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Vesna Plakalović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of caring climate, employees' job satisfaction,
and affective commitment on employees' job performance in a banking sector. This study proposes that
caring climate has a significant direct effect on overall job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job
performance. Moreover, it suggests that caring climate has an influence on job performance through
overall job satisfaction and affective commitment. Additionally, affective commitment is considered to
be a mediator in the relationship between overall job satisfaction and job performance. In this study,
the relationships among the variables were evaluated using factor analysis, descriptive statistics,
correlations, and regression. The results based on a sample of 152 employees from one public and three
private banks in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina support the hypotheses. This study
demonstrates that caring climate has a significant direct influence on overall job satisfaction, affective
commitment, and job performance. Furthermore, caring climate has an indirect effect on job
performance. Finally, this research discovers an indirect relationship between overall job satisfaction
and employees' job performance through a mediating role of affective commitment.
Keywords: Affective Commitment, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Caring Climate, Job Satisfaction, Job
Performance
6
�THE YOUTH'S PERCEPTION OF MIGRATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Kanita Jahić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Šejla Kočan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Migration, in a simple definition, is the movement of people from one country to another. One of the
major problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is youth migration. Young people from BiH mostly
migrate to European countries. Factors which have an influence on the youth migration and relationship
between demographic differences, as well as the tendency of the youth to emigrate have attracted a
great curiosity. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of the youth about determinants
of migration as well as the relationship between demographic variables and immigration tendency.
Using the survey method, 207 responses were collected from the youth in BiH. Descriptive analysis, onesample, and independent sample t-test were constructed to analyze data. The results have showed that
the perceptions of the youth about job opportunities in BiH and approach of officials towards young
people are negative. However, study results show that younger group of young people with less
education have a greater tendency to emigrate.
Keywords: Migration, Bosnia and Herzegovina, The Youth
7
�THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-MONETARY INCENTIVES AND ITS
RELATIONSHIP WITH EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: A CASE OF CIVIL SERVICE
EMPLOYEES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Srna
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the perceived importance of non-monetary incentives as well
as the degree of their current utilization within the civil service sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One
of the aims of the study is to explore if non-monetary incentives have prospective to increase employee's
motivation in comparison to monetary rewards. Such finding could play a beneficial role in
understanding the fact that an individual's behaviour and motivation can be greatly influenced by
alternative and cost-friendly non-financial motivating factors. The study is conducted on a sample of
129 civil servants of all categories at the state level. The relationships between the variables were
evaluated by descriptive statistics, correlations and non-parametric independent samples test. The
study findings demonstrate that the non-monetary incentives are not sufficiently utilized in the civil
service sector. Furthermore, according to the findings, non-monetary incentives represent a very strong
motivating factor and could be widely and actively used in order to secure increased motivation of the
civil servants in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: Non-monetary Incentives, Motivation, Civil Service, Monetary Incentives
8
�ETHICAL CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT
RELATIONSHIP IN THE SHOES MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Mehmet Gencouglu
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that retaining qualified employees is crucial for organizations. As
labor-intensive sector, shoes manufacturing sector is highly dependent on qualified employees. Based
on the literature in this field, affective commitment of employees to their organizations has a significant
importance for retaining them. The main purpose of this study is to examine ethical climate, job
satisfaction, and affective commitment relationship in the shoes manufacturing sector. A survey with
four sections is conducted in 10 companies and 3 cities in Turkey with 161 respondents in overall.
Descriptive and Pearson correlation analyses were made. The study results showed that statistically
significant relationships exist among ethical climate, job satisfaction, and affective commitment. In
specific, Law and Code type of ethical climate has a crucial statistically significant relationship with
affective commitment.
Keywords: Ethical Climate, Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment, Shoes Manufacturing Sector,
Turkey
9
�HOW DO ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS PERCEIVE WHISTLEBLOWING
REASONS AND WHISTLEBLOWING PREFERENCES
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Cemil Kuzey
Murray State University
USA
Bedia Atalay
Fatih University
Turkey
Ali Haydar Gungormus
Abstract
Incidences of organizational wrongdoing have been widely spread throughout the business world.
Accounting professionals are the key human resources who find evidence of wrongdoing in firms and
have the opportunity to report it. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the
perception by accounting professionals concerning valid reasons for whistleblowing and their
preferences in doing so. Using the survey method, 177 responses were collected from Turkish
accounting professionals. A partial least square structural equation model was constructed to test both
the reliability and validity of the measurement and the structural model. The results showed that the
'fear of retaliation' dimension has a significant negative influence on 'external whistleblowing' but has
a positive influence on 'anonymous whistleblowing'. The accountants' perceptions of 'fear of retaliation'
also has a positive relationship for deciding to not blow the whistle. However, thereasons for 'corporate
benefit' whistleblowing have a positive effect on both 'anonymous whistleblowing' and 'internal
whistleblowing'. They also have a negative impact on the reasons that accounting professionalspreferto
not blow the whistle. Finally, the 'ethics and professional benefit' dimension of reasons for
whistleblowing only has a significant positive impact on 'internal whistleblowing'.
Keywords: Whistleblowing Reasons, Whistleblowing, Accounting Proffesionals, Partial Least Square
Structural Equation Model
10
�ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN HIGHER EDUCATION (BOOK)
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Today, both public and private universities need to provide students with extra opportunities on top of
physical facilities so as to attract prospective students and retain and satisfy the current ones. In this
regard, the discretionary and extra-role behavior of the academics and administrative staff, and the
factors that can increase such behavior in public and private universities, have become vital. The role of
the managers in each faculty and unit of these universities in influencing employees’ extra efforts is
important. Along with leadership, in particular ethical leadership, ethics and ethical climate, employees’
job satisfaction and their commitment to the universities have attracted curiosity in terms of their
impacts on the employees’ citizenship behavior. This book examines several basic organizational
behaviors in higher education: leadership, ethics, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and
organizational citizenship behavior. This book should help shed some light on higher education
organizations by proposing a model and be especially useful to academics and administrative staff in
universities.
11
�FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS A SOLUTION TO MANIPULATIVE ACCOUNTING
OF SME’S IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Anida Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alma Hurić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Accounting reports are the main certificate of financial position, as well as the business and monetary
success of the company. Manipulation of accounting reports includes fictitious or incorrect processing
of data - all with the aim of camouflage the true picture of firm's financial health. Forensic accounting
as a special accounting practice will be the scope of this study. This study was conducted on the Bosnian
market and targeted small and medium enterprises with less than 250 employees. The aim of this
research is to prove that forensic accounting gives satisfactory results in discovering significantly
wrongly presented information in financial statements caused by fraud. This study uses primary data
collection through the distribution of questionnaires. The data collected from the observed SMEs
companies were analyzed, and study findings showed that forensic accounting is important and helpful
to point out the wrongly presented information.
Keywords: Forensic Accounting, Fraud Prevention, Small and Medium Enterprises, Manipulative
Accounting
12
�BACKTESTING VALUE AT RISK FORECAST: THE CASE OF KUPIEC POF-TEST
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mia Vehabović
Abstract
In recent years many concepts for managing and measuring risk have developed. The main
methodology for managing risk is a method of value at risk, which, in practice, is combined with other
techniques for minimizing risks, in order to achieve optimal business results. Value at risk (VaR) is the
biggest loss of the portfolio that can be expected in the reporting period, with a given level of confidence.
This value is a simple, easily understandable number that presents the risk which the institution is
exposed to on financial market. The principle of calculating capital is based on the VaR methodology.
However, backtesting of calculated VaR amount is needed. Backtesting is the process where the real
gains and losses are compared to the forecasted VaR estimates. The most used backtesting test is
known as Kupiec POF test. The POF's null hypothesis, that the observed failure rate p ̂ is equal to the
failure rate suggested by the confidence interval, is being tested using the secondary data (daily share
prices from http://finance.yahoo.com). The results from the test show that, at 90% and 99% level of
confidence, null hypothesis is rejected and the model is considered as inaccurate.
Keywords: Value at risk, Back Testing, Confidence Interval, Risk Managements, POF test
13
�USAGE OF DERIVATIVES IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE CASE OF BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Anida Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
During the last decade, financial derivatives have gained increased attention; they were one of the
leading causes of the latest financial crisis. Their primary purpose is to provide instruments for hedging
risks linked with stock market movements. Most of the financial economists agree that derivatives
markets if abused, may cause disturbances in the financial markets, while some claim that derivatives
markets provide valuable instruments for hedging financial risks. When we consider the importance of
derivative markets, our primary goal is to investigate the degree of development of derivatives market
in B&H. When we?re talking about derivatives market in B&H, it does not exist as organized markets
yet.? As many derivatives are being offered to the firms, only within the banking sector, we concluded
that the financial system in B&H is bank centered. It follows the Continental model in which banks are
playing a leading role. The participation of banks in the case of B&H is over 80%. The financial derivate
market is organized as over the counter market as it offers currency swaps and forwards, and interest
rate forwards.? It?s important to notice that almost all business operations are done in "euro." Because
of the currency board regime, agency regulations on banks? net open position and a relatively small
exposure to foreign currencies, except the euro, currency risk in B&H is small. However, risk
management is important for every firm, so the primary focus of this paper will be how B&H
nonfinancial companies manage the risks that they have regarding the use of financial derivatives.
Keywords: Financial derivatives, Financial system, Risk management, Emerging markets, Volatility
14
�BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE CASE ON BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Amra Halaba
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Erkan Ilguen
Abstract
The growing field of behavioral economics (BE) has revolutionized the way we look at economic
behavior at micro and macro levels. Importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) appeals for analysis
of decisions made regarding it to be assessed from expanding view of BE. This research provides
overview of previous studies and focuses on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) as representative
of emerging markets to investigate motivations for investing into this country by temporarily present
foreign companies. Empirical analysis was based on the questionnaire that was disseminated among
foreign investors to B&H. Questionnaire contained motivations for investing in B&H, where examined
motivation factors were divided in two groups; namely irrational and rational ones. Choice of
methodology was narrowed due to moderate sample size, but consisting of quality the sample members.
In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used.
By regressing two groups of predictors on annual amount of foreign investments to B&H, it was shown
that the highest motivation for investing was business instinct.
Keywords: Behavioral Economics, Foreign Direct Investments, Emerging Markets, Emotional Bias
15
�A RESEARCH REVIEW OF MOTIVATION-ENHANCING OF HUMAN RESOURCE
PRACTICES
Muhammet Sait Dinc
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.sait.dinc@ibu.edu.ba
Nereida Hadžiahmetović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nereida.hadziahmetovic@ibu.edu.ba
Kanita Jahić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This analysis of 115 articles about motivation-enhancing human resource practices published in seven
Human Resource Management journals in a period between 2010 and 2015 presents significant
contributions of individual scholars and institutions to research of motivation-enhancing human
resource practices. Coauthor relationship is found through network analysis in order to show
interrelationship among scholars who have contributed to this research. However, in order to provide
main categories and subcategories in the field, authors carried out content analysis of the articles.
Moreover, research locations, and methodologies of the articles are analyzed. Finally, to demonstrate
recent trend of the research of motivation-enhancing human resource practices in the aforementioned
period, this study provides some essential information such as number of articles published in each
journal and in each year.
Keywords: Research of motivation-enhancing human resource practices, Human resource practices,
Research topic, Research location, Research methodology, Scholar network
16
�HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT REVIEW OF WHAT WAS
STUDIED AND WHERE WAS RESEARCHED
Nereida Hadžiahmetović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nereida.hadziahmetovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to define the most researched topics and geographical locations and the
most active authors and institutions in Human Capital and Economic Development research area. 317
articles that published between 2007 and 2014 from 5 different journals with Social Scientific Citation
Index (SSCI) were examined. This study also explores relation between research topics and researched
countries and why some topics attracted more attention than others. It is found that some topics and
geographic locations were researched more than others. Authors identified topics that were researched
less or not researched as well as geographic locations. Proposal for future study is discussed according
to results of analysis.
Keywords: Human Capital, Economic Development, Research Topics, Research Geographical Location
17
�SISTEM PREVENCIJE MALOLJETNIČKOG PRESTUPNIŠTVA I KRIVIČNOPRAVNIH MJERA ZA MALOLJETNE IZVRŠIOCE KRIVIČNIH DJELA U ČESKOJ
REPUBLICI
Jasmin Hasić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.hasic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Sudstvo za maloljetnike je izuzetno osjetljiva grana krivičnog prava koja zahtijeva pažljiv pristup u
pronalaženju adekvatnih rješenja za posebne potrebe maloljetnika u sukobu sa zakonom. Procesno
postupanje prema maloljetnim izvršiocima krivičnih djela u Češkoj Republici je regulisano Zakonom o
sudstvu za maloljetnike br. 218/2003 Sb[1]. (na češkom: Zakon o soudnictví ve věcech mládeže ZSM).
Ovaj Zakon stavlja naglasak na vaspitno-odgojne mjere u odnosu na krivične sankcije za punoljetne
osobe. Kao preventivne mjere u sudskoj praksi Češke Republike javljaju se mjere u krugu porodice, mjere
u krugu vaspitno-odgojnih institucija, mjere prilagođavanja, te mjere protiv nasilničkog ponašanja i dr.
Cilj ovog članka je prikaz strukture i načina primjene ZSM-a u Češkoj Republici, te pregled njegovih
osnovnih instituta. U nastavku slijedi kratki prikaz razvoja ovog zakona, te analiza različitih
krivičnopravnih mjera koje se odnose na maloljetne izvršioce krivičnih djela u ČR.
18
�PRAVOSUDNI AKTIVIZAM U PRAKSI EVROPSKOG SUDA PRAVDE I UTICAJ
NA SUVERENITET DRŽAVA ČLANICA EU, PRAVNA MISAO, FEDERALNO
MINISTARSTVO PRAVDE - LEGAL THOUGHT 1-2/16, FEDERAL MINISTRY OF
JUSTICE, SARAJEVO
Jasmin Hasić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.hasic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Evropska je unija, kao jedinstvena „supranacionalna“ pravno-politička organizacija, vremenom
oblikovala svoju formu kroz postepeni prijenos suverene vlasti država članica na institucije saveza, što
je u konačnici rezultiralo stvaranjem jedinstvenog pravnog sistema. Pravosudni aktivizam Suda pravde
Evropske Unije je izuzetno značajno uticao na neposredno oblikovanje pravnog poretka Unije,
prvenstveno putem tumačenja i primjene temeljnih Ugovora, ali i stvaranjem zasebnih pravnih normi.
Cilj ovog članka je analiza sistema funkcionisanja pravnog sistema Evropske unije, s posebnim osvrtom
na definisanje, razgraničavanje i poimanje nacionalnog suvereniteta država članica EU, a kroz prizmu
pravosudnog aktivizma Suda pravde EU. Analizom prakse Suda pravde Evropske unije, nastojat ću
prikazati kako je ista uticala na promjene i poimanje u pogledu suvereniteta država članica. Uz osvrt na
brojne ključne presude koje se odnose na slučajeve diskriminacije i zaštite ljudskih prava, nastojat će se
dati odgovor na pitanja kako i koji su predmeti pred ESP imali ključni uticaj, ne samo na razvoj unijskog
prava, već i na proces evropske integracije uopće.
19
�LEGAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HOLOCAUST IN THE VISEGRAD
(V4) COUNTRIES (BOOK)
Jasmin Hasić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.hasic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The edited volume examines the history of the Holocaust within a multi-contextual legal comparative
approach in the Visegrad countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland. The chapters focus
on overarching issues and interpretations of the Holocaust, the fate of Jewish and non-Jewish victims
during the Nazi era, in each of the V4 countries, as well as various features of the Holocaust in different
temporal and geographical contexts of the V4 countries. The volume was edited by Hasic Jasmin,
Memisevic Ehlimana, and Karcic Hikmet.
20
�DUAL CITIZENSHIP AND YOUTH IDENTITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
(CHAPTER IN BOOK)
Jasmin Hasić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.hasic@ibu.edu.ba
Nicholas Micinski
Abstract
This chapter contributes to both citizenship and diaspora studies by examining the ways in which dual
citizenship impacts young people living in Bosnia and the diaspora. We find that dual citizenship acts as
a safety net for Bosnian youth living in the country. Some young Bosnians conceptualize dual citizenship
as a safety net because ‘duals’ can relocate if the economy worsens or if the country slips back into
conflict. This safety net has implications for how youth with or without dual citizenship perceive their
relationship to the future of their country.
21
�THE INFLUENCES OF DAYTON AGREEMENT ON INSTITUTIONS:
LEGISLATURES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (CHAPTER IN BOOK)
Jasmin Hasić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.hasic@ibu.edu.ba
Nedim Kulenović
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide the overview of the state legislature as it has been established by
the Annex IV (the Constitution) of the Dayton Agreement, through the brief analysis of its structure,
functions, organization, and relationship to other branches of government and relevant stakeholders.
We will also briefly consider the attempts at a parliamentary reform, before concluding.
22
�ETHNIC MOBILIZATION, VIOLENCE AND THE POLITICS OF AFFECT: SERB
DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE BOSNIAN WAR (BOOK)
Adis Maksić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adis.maksic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This book offers an unprecedented account of the Serb Democratic Party’s origins and its political
machinations that culminated in Europe’s bloodiest conflict since World War II. Within the first two
years of its existence, the nationalist movement led by the infamous genocide convict Radovan Karadzic,
radically transformed Bosnian society. It politically homogenized Serbs of Bosnia-Herzegovina,
mobilized them for the Bosnian War, and violently carved out a new geopolitical unit, known today as
Republika Srpska. Through innovative and in-depth analysis of the Party’s discourse that makes use of
the recent literature on affective cognition, the book argues that the movement’s production of
existential fears, nationalist pride, and animosities towards non-Serbs were crucial for creating Serbs as
a palpable group primed for violence. By exposing this nationalist agency, the book challenges a
commonplace image of ethnic conflicts as clashes of long-standing ethnic nations.
23
�A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CREDIT RISK ASSESMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN
TURKEY
Olcay Erdoğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
olcay.erdogan@ibu.edu.ba
Zafer Konakli
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zafer.konakli@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Hodžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.hodzic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Credit risk prediction models attempt to predict whether a business will experience to be in a level of
investment, speculative or below investment. The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative
model for predicting failure. The constructed credit rating model was on a sample data that consists of
financial ratios from 356 enterprises that are listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The data covers
observations running from the first quarter of 2014 to the end of year. We have classified 356
enterprises into three levels using 18 parameters for each. The applied methods are discriminant
analysis and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy İnference Systems (ANFIS). The study supports building a balanced
financial environment and help to determine the firms which are appropriate for credit loan.
Keywords: ANFIS, Credit Risk Assessment, Discriminant Analysis, Financial Ratios
24
�THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL CAPITAL ON DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL
AREAS
Natasa Tandir
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
natasa.tandir@ibu.edu.ba
Merdzana Obralić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
merdzana.obralic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The characteristics of rural areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina are similar to the ones in other countries
but are also specific in relation to the overall country development, natural resources and mentality of
the people (social and human capital). The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of availability
and effective usage of natural resources and development of rural areas. This study represents a crosssectional study which used both quantitative and qualitative methodology. Target population were
entrepreneurs, artisans and representatives of organisations for civil society in municipalities classified
as rural. In total, more than five hundred questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results showed
that natural capital has statistically significant influence on development of rural areas. However, that
influence is negative which confronts majority number of available literature. This research could
present, along with other studies and sector analysis, useful base for constructive discussions on direct
and long lasting measurements for improving rural development in our country in consistent, systematic
and strategic way.
Keywords: Rural Development, Natural Capital, Municipalities, Bosnia and Herzegovina
25
�EXPLORING ISLAMIC INDICES IN THE GREAT RECESSION (CHAPTER IN
BOOK)
Mehmet Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmet.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Harun Sencal
Al-Maktoum College
UK
Abstract
Interest towards Islamic Finance has grown rapidly since the 1990s and assets invested in portfolios
that are consistent with Islam have increased abruptly as a result of the deep need to invest in
alternative conventional portfolios. The motivation of Muslim investors to participate in these funds has
resulted in the inception of Islamic Indices. As such, several such indices have been launched in the last
two decades including the Dow Jones, FTSE, MSCI and Thomson Reuters Islamic Indices. Although the
Islamic Indices are more than two decades old, studies conducted on them are very limited, especially
when compared to conventional ones. In this study, we intend to explore the success of three popular
Value-at-Risk methods, namely GARCH (1,1)-t, Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and Filtered Historical
Simulation (FliS) using the Islamic Indices of 20 Developed and 18 Emerging countries. In all these
analyses we include the non-Islamic counterpart index for a benchmark comparison. We backtest the
VaR figures with the unconditional Kupicc Test and conditional Christoffersen Test to check the
performance of the VaR calculations. We use the MSCI indices of daily returns from June 2008 to August
2014 in order to explore the performance of these Value-at-Risk methods after the global financial crisis
with the intention of documenting the positive and negative effects of the great recession.
Keywords: Islamic Indices, Conventional Indices, Global Financial Crisis, Value-at-Risk, Kupiec Test,
Backtesting.
26
�OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE MACROECONOMY WITH THE APPLICATION TO
2001 CRISIS OF TURKEY
Mehmet Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmet.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper concentrates on the application of optimal control theory to highlight some aspects of
Turkish economy. First the setup is given for Turkey to grow over the balanced path. Then the optimal
control problem is identified. The control and state variables are mentioned. The objective is the
maximization of life-time discounted utility of the society through optimal choice of consumption which
automatically determines investment. We make use of Bellman’s principle to guarantee optimality. We
make necessary assumptions (technical assumptions) to make use of calculus techniques for a solution.
Some functions to represent utility and production are specified. I used the econometric techniques to
estimate some parameters of the functions to decide upon the optimal level of investment for steadystate in Turkey over the period including 2001 crisis. The corresponding differential equations are
obtained as a result of the Hamiltonian defined. The phase diagram is prepared to analyse different
trajectories.
Keywords: Optimal Control, Growth, Turkey, CRRA, Cobb-Douglas
27
�EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON GDP IN THE TURKISH
ECONOMY
Mehmet Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehmet.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Esraq Simsek
Istanbul Bilgi University
Turkey
Fatih Macit
Northeast Normal University
China
Abstract
The objective of this article is to investigate the effect of government expenditure on GDP in Turkey from
2000Q1-2015Q4 by the superexogeneity test. As a consequence of satisfying both conditions of weak
exogeneity and structural invariance, government expenditure is super exogenous to GDP which implies
that the policy regime shift for the period of the Global Financial Crisis in Turkey did not cause structural
variance in government expenditure. Indeed, the Lucas Critique which indicates that policy regime shifts
cause structural breaks, appears to be refuted.
Keywords: Lucas Critique, Government Expenditure, Superexogeneity Test
28
�THE IMPACT OF EWOM IN SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMER PURCHASE
DECISIONS
Mersid Poturak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mersid.poturak@ibu.edu.ba
Merve Turkyilmaz
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Marketers define their social media platform as an essential piece to reach their consumers. The flock
of web users turning to social media to receive and convey their thoughts, opinions, and suggestions
has made social media an integral part of digital marketing. Using traditional media to advertise had
restrictions in placement and outcome while, nowadays, social media has liberated this obstacle. It has
created a platform which allows information to spread freely and at a fast pace. Using electronic wordofmouth in social media permits a constant connection to a vast audience. The purpose of this study is
to explore the effect of electronic word-of-mouth within the context of social media on consumer
purchase decisions. More precisely, how the familiarity of the eWOM source, the way of communication,
writer’s expertise and the popularity of a product affects the consumer's purchase decision. The data
has been gathered using quantitative research method. The sample consists of students studying in
Timisoara, Romania. The surveys were e-mailed to students’ e-mail addresses. Due to the lack of
response from e-mails, the responses were gathered using a mixture of door-to-door and online surveys
methods. The questions were answered by 200 students within a month. The results will provide the
extent of impact eWOM in social media has on the purchase decisions.
Keywords: Electronic word-of-mouth, Social media, Digital marketing, Purchase decision
29
�STUDY ON CLIENT - SATISFACTION FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY,
EUROPEAN
Mersid Poturak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mersid.poturak@ibu.edu.ba
Meliha Duljević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Client satisfaction represents a crucial factor in the development and management of the construction
process, as well in the creation of professional company-client relationships. Moreover, it is one of the
major determinants of project success and therefore is a fundamental issue for construction managers
who must constantly seek to improve their performance in order to survive in the marketplace.
Providing superior quality and keeping customers satisfied are rapidly becoming the ways that
companies use to differentiate themselves from competitors. The main objective of this study is to
establish a comprehensive list of factors used for measuring client satisfaction and to study their
influence on client satisfaction in the construction industry. The purpose of this study is to identify main
client satisfaction factors and to advance both theoretical and practical understanding of their
satisfaction in construction industry. A survey conducted in this study was focused on clients of different
companies from construction industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The perceptions of clients with
respect to the performance of contractors were measured using five factors including timeliness, cost,
quality, client orientation and safety. Through the analysis of data generated by the survey, it is
concluded that all the factors identified in the client-satisfaction model do not possess the same
significance when it comes to satisfying clients. The approach of this research is useful to construction
firms, not only in B&H, but also in other places, for identifying and improving their weak areas and
improving the service quality for their clients.
Keywords: Client Satisfaction, Satisfaction Factors, Construction Industry, Bosnia & Herzegovina
30
�WIN – WIN FACTORS OF HIGH-END PERFUME PACKAGING THAT LEAD TO
PURCHASE DECISION
Mersid Poturak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mersid.poturak@ibu.edu.ba
Zumreta Redžović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This research will provide specific data that will aid in explaining how different factors of high-end
perfume packaging impact consumer buying behavior. Thus, the basic purpose of this it is to find out
how such factors are behind the success of packaging. It has been observed that perfume packaging
elements such as color, wrapper design, packaging material, font style and innovative ideas have
significant impact on consumers’ buying behavior. In this research we will find out the relationship
between independent variable and dependent variables. The research is based in Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina. The primary data for this research was gathered in the form of survey. Data analysis
was conducted in SPSS software. Statistical tests were run to ensure that results are usable in resolving
the main perfume packaging factors customers are impacted by.
Keywords: Color, Innovation, Customer Preference, Design, Information Specified, Materials Used,
High-end, Fragrance, Perfume, Scent
31
�EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON BRAND EQUITY AND
BRAND PURCHASE INTENTION: A CASE STUDY ON DOMESTIC BRANDS IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Mersid Poturak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mersid.poturak@ibu.edu.ba
Sumeja Softić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Social media is forming an increasingly central part of how companies communicate their marketing
strategies to their customers. Online communities carry a strong and influential voice, and there is much
to be gained from engaging directly with people through these channels – whether it is reaching and
keeping existing customers or acquiring new ones. In light of such positive ground for social media this
study aims to provide an empirical analysis of the impact social media communication has on brand
equity and purchase intention. A systematic literature review has been conducted in order to
understand how the dimensions of social media create word of mouth i.e. electronic word of mouth (EWOM) on social media platforms and how this E-WOM further influences brand equity and customers’
purchase intention of domestic brands in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 300 data sets were generated
through a standardized online-survey and analyzed in SPSS. The results of the empirical study showed
that both .rm-created and user-generated social media communication in.uence brand equity,
consequently impacting brand purchase intention.
Keywords: Social Media Communication, E-WOM, Brand Equity, Purchase Intention, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
32
�THE ROLE OF AFFECTIVE FACTORS ON BRAND RESONANCE: MEASURING
CUSTOMER‐BASED BRAND EQUITY FOR THE SARAJEVO BRAND
Malcolm Duerod
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
malcolm.duerod@ibu.edu.ba
Teoman Duman
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
teoman.duman@ibu.edu.ba
Okai Ozbal
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of affective factors on brand resonance in the context
of a destination brand. Keller's brand resonance model (Keller, 2013) was used to identify the role of
affective factors in the brand equity chain. The research was conducted on the 'Sarajevo' brand, with
an expectation that affective factors would be more influential on brand resonance than cognitive
factors. Sarajevo is remembered as the center of the war that resulted in the collapse of the Republic of
Yugoslavia in 1990s and emotions towards the suffering of civilians under siege are still dominant. The
research hypothesis was tested with data from 286 Turkish visitors. A Turkish sample was chosen to
test the hypothesis due to the fact that Turkish and Bosnian populations have strong historical ties with
each other and Sarajevo represents an emotionally strong destination for Turkish population. Results
from multiple regression analysis indicate that the central hypothesis is valid and tourist resonance
perceptions on Sarajevo brand are stronger on the affective route than cognitive route. Model
constructs were also analyzed descriptively with data from a second sample of visitors from more than
45 countries (N = 193), where it was found that city's affective image was evaluated more strongly than
its cognitive image. These findings together are used to propose strategies for Sarajevo marketers, out
of which using the emotional aspects of the city in destination marketing seems to be the most
influential.
33
�DETECTION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD USING BENEISH MODEL
Elvisa Buljubašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elvisa.buljubasic@ibu.edu.ba
Sanel Halilbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanel.halilbegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges faced by auditors is to detect anomalies in financial statement reporting.
Once the anomalies are detected they have to be further investigated by forensic accountants. However,
the practice of forensic accounting has not yet become a reality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. So the main
purpose of the study is to analyze to which degree BH companies are exposed to the financial statement
fraud and with respect to that the need for forensic accountants. The financial statement data will be
collected from BH companies and it will be analyzed using Beneish model. The Beneish model is the
mathematical model that identifies the manipulation of earnings through financial ratios. These
analytical techniques should reveal the unconventional variations in financial statement reporting,
indicating that there is possibility of fraudulent transactions.
Keywords: Beneish model, Fraudulent Reporting, Forensic Accounting
34
�MEASURING QUALITY OF SERVICES AT HEI: CASE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITY
IN B&H
Ensar Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kahriman
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ajdin Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kemal Đug
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to investigate quality level of higher education institution's (HEI)
services through students' perceptions, and to conduct cross years’ comparative analysis. Main
instrument for this study is a survey with several dimensions dealing with different aspects of higher
education: quality in general, quality of academic staff, quality of administrative staff, quality of campus,
quality of study programs, quality of services, personal development support, education facilities and
cafeteria. Software used in the study is Microsoft Excel. In total, 440 responses were collected which
represents almost 50% of population. Cross years comparative analysis indicated tremendous increase
in all indicators after institution has implemented HEA standards and went through successful
accreditation process. Recommendations for corrective/preventive measures will be given wherever
necessary. Results of the analysis show that students's rating of university services on the level of
university have mean of 5,1 which indicates that students are slightly satisfied with the services of
university overall.
Keywords: HEI, University, Quality, Comparative Analysis
35
�COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTING ISO 9001:2015 STANDARD
AND ESG 2015
Ensar Mekić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ensar.mekic@ibu.edu.ba
Esad Bajramović
University of Bihaću Bihać
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Benjamin Muhamedbegović
Higher Education Development Agency and Quality Assurance Agency
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Significant revisions of quality standards ISO 9001:2015 and European Standards and Guidelines have
been completed in year 2015. Due to compatibility of mentioned standards, many higher education
institutions (HEIs) which operate in European Higher Education Area (EHEA) implement quality
management system (QMS) aligned with requirements of previous versions of ISO 9001:2008 and ESG
2005. As ISO 9001:2015 i ESG 2015 are adopted recently, most probably there are no many institutions
that aligned their QMS with new requirements. Aim of this article is to answer following question: What
are the consequences and compatibility level of implementing ISO 9001:2015 and ESG 2015?
Keywords: Standard, Quality Management System (QMS), ISO 9001:2015; ESG 2015, Higher Education
Institutions
36
�DIASPORAS AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM TO
BUILD A MEMORIAL AT THE OMARSKA CONCENTRATION CAMP IN
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
Dženeta Karabegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dzeneta.karabegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Maria Koinova
Warwick University
UK
Abstract
Scholarships on transitional justice, transnational social movements and transnational diaspora
mobilization have offered little understanding of how memorialization initiatives with significant
diaspora involvement emerge transnational and are embedded and sustained in different contexts. We
argue that diasporas play a galvanizing role in transnational interest-based and symbolic politics,
expanding claim-making from local to national, supranational, and global levels of engagement. Using
initiatives to commemorate atrocities committed at the former Omarska concentration camp in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, we identify a four-stage mobilization process. First, initiatives emerged and spread
across transnational networks after a local political opportunity opened in the homeland. Second,
attempts at coordination of activities took place transnational through an NGO. Third, initiatives were
contextualized on the nation-state level in different host-states, depending on the political opportunities
and constraints available there. Fourth, memorialization claims were eventually shifted from national
to supranational and global levels. The article concludes by demonstrating the potential to apply the
analysis to similar global movements in which diasporas are directly involved.
37
�AIMING FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: DIASPORA MOBILIZATION TOWARDS
YOUTH AND EDUCATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Dženeta Karabegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dzeneta.karabegovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Education is acknowledged as a component of transitional justice processes, yet details about how to
implement education reform in postconflict societies are underexplored and politicized [King, Elisabeth.
2014. From Classrooms to Conflict in Rwanda. New York: Cambridge University Press]. Local and
international actors often neglect the complicated nature of education reform in postconflict societies
undergoing transitional justice processes [Jones, Briony. 2015. "Educating Citizens in BosniaHerzegovina: Experiences and Contradictions in Post-war Education Reform." In Transitional Justice and
Reconciliation: Lessons from the Balkans, edited by Martina Fischer, and Olivera Simic, 193–208. New
York: Routledge. Transitional Justice]. The role of the diaspora in transitional justice has been
increasingly explored as a participatory transnational actor with influence and knowledge about local
dynamics [Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. 2006. The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human
Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; Haider, Huma. 2008. “(Re)Imagining Coexistence:
Striving for Sustainable Return, Reintegration and Reconciliation in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. ”International Journal of Transitional Justice 3 (1): 91–113; Young, Laura, and Rosalyn
Park. 2009.“ Engaging Diasporas in Truth Commissions: Lessons from the Liberia Truth and
Reconciliation Commission Diaspora Project.” International Journal of Transitional Justice 3 (3): 341–
361; Koinova, Maria, and Dženeta Karabegović. 2017.“ Diasporas and Transitional Justice:
Transnational Activism from Local to Global Levels of Engagement.” Global Networks 17 (2): 212–233].
This article bridges academic literature about diaspora engagement and transitional justice, and
education and transitional justice by incorporating the role of diaspora actors in post-conflict processes.
Using empirical data from multi-sited field work in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland, Sweden, the
United Kingdom, and France, it examines diaspora initiatives which aim to influence local transitional
justice processes through translocal community involvement in education and youth policy. It argues
that diaspora initiatives can provide alternative and intermediate solutions to the status quo in their
homeland, with some potential for contributing to transitional justice and reconciliation processes.
38
�Ultimately, diaspora initiatives need support from homeland institutions in order to forward transitional
justice agendas in post-conflict societies.
Keywords: Diaspora, Transitional Justice, Education, Youth, Bosnia and Herzegovina
39
�II PART: Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences
40
�CLOUD COMPUTING THREATS CLASSIFICATION MODEL BASED ON THE
DETECTION FEASIBILITY OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Zerina Mašetić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zerina.masetic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Cloud computing became very popular in past few years, and most of the business and home users rely
on its services. Because of its wide usage, cloud computing services became a common target of
different cyber-attacks executed by insiders and outsiders. Therefore, cloud computing vendors and
providers need to implement strong information security protection mechanisms on their cloud
infrastructures. One approach that has been taken for successful threat detection that will lead to the
successful attack prevention in cloud computing infrastructures is the application of machine learning
algorithms. To understand how machine learning algorithms can be applied for cloud computing threat
detection, we propose the cloud computing threat classification model based on the feasibility of
machine learning algorithms to detect them. In this paper, we addressed three different criteria types,
where we considered three types of classification: a) type of learning algorithm, b) input features and
c) cloud computing level. Results proposed in this paper can contribute to further studies in the field of
cloud threat detection with machine learning algorithms. More specifically, it will help in selecting
appropriate input features, or machine learning algorithms, to obtain higher classification accuracy.
Keywords:
Cloud
computing,
Machine
learning
algorithms,
Telecommunication traffic, Computer crime, Support vector machines
41
Computational
modeling,
�SMART HOMES WITH VOICE ACTIVATED SYSTEMS FOR DISABLED PEOPLE
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Bekir Busatlic
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Isaac Lera
University of the Balearic Islands
Spain
Enes Sukic
Abstract
Smart home refers to the application of various technologies to semi-unsupervised home control It
refers to systems that control temperature, lighting, door locks, windows and many other appliances.
The aim of this study was to design a system that will use existing technology to showcase how it can
benefit people with disabilities. This work uses only off-the-shelf products (smart home devices and
controllers), speech recognition technology, opensource code libraries. The Voice Activated Smart Home
application was developed to demonstrate online grocery shopping and home control using voice
comments and tested by measuring its effectiveness in performing tasks as well as its efficiency in
recognizing user speech input.
Keywords: Voice Activated Smart Home, Voice controller, Helping people with disabilities
42
�CLASSIFICATION OF ON-OFF STATES OF APPLIANCE CONSUMPTION
SIGNATURES
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Salihagić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
emir.salihagic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a procedure for the analysis of the changes in the power (current
and voltage) that goes into households and classifying the appliances used in the house according to
their individual energy consumption. Utility companies use smart electric meters accompanied with
NILM to examine the particular uses of electric power in households. Focus of this paper is on the
analysis of the “ACS-F2 Database of Appliance Consumption Signatures”. The challenge lies in predicting
the states of the electrical devices based on the measuring data which had been previously stored.
Machine learning techniques have demonstrated to be effective in classification and pattern recognition
tasks. In this paper, different algorithms implemented in the WEKA software are going to be used for
the classification.
Keywords: Home appliances, Databases, Training, Classification algorithms, Monitoring, Vegetation,
Algorithm design and analysis
43
�AN INNOVATIVE RFID-BASED SOLUTION TO SECURE PARKING SPOTS FOR
PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Sami Miniaoui
University of Dubai
United Arab Emirates
Enes Sukić
Abstract
Using RFID Technology is increasingly integrated in our daily life. We are presenting in this paper the
secured parking spots for physically challenged ‘‘SPSPC’’ system implementing the RFID technology for
managing parking slots of physically challenged. We demonstrated using scenarios (car with tag, car
with expired date tag, car without tag) that the ‘SPSPC’ system is able to recognize not only cars
equipped with tag -then send accordingly welcoming SMS -but also cars without tags by checking with
a step tag fixed in the wall. Operational mode of the ‘SPSPC’ system is illustrated as well as main
components, methods, snippets of code and interfaces are presented and commented. In addition, we
demonstrated how the ‘SPSPC’ system is providing the tracking of people committing repetitively these
violations -by reporting them to the authorities- and generating statistics on parking occupancy rates
helping in providing sufficient slots.
Keywords: RFID Technology, Parking management, System design
44
�REMAINING LIFETIME MODELING USING STATE-OF-HEALTH ESTIMATION
Nejra Beganović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejra.beganovic@ibu.edu.ba
Dirk Söffker
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Germany
Abstract
Technical systems and system’s components undergo gradual degradation over time. Continuous
degradation occurred in system is reflected in decreased system’s reliability and unavoidably lead to a
system failure. Therefore, continuous evaluation of State-of-Health (SoH) is inevitable to provide at least
predefined lifetime of the system defined by manufacturer, or even better, to extend the lifetime given
by manufacturer. However, precondition for lifetime extension is accurate estimation of SoH as well as
the estimation and prediction of Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL). For this purpose, lifetime models
describing the relation between system/component degradation and consumed lifetime have to be
established. In this contribution modeling and selection of suitable lifetime models from database based
on current SoH conditions are discussed.
Main contribution of this paper is the development of new modeling strategies capable to describe
complex relations between measurable system variables, related system degradation, and RUL. Two
approaches with accompanying advantages and disadvantages are introduced and compared. Both
approaches are capable to model stochastic aging processes of a system by simultaneous adaption of
RUL models to current SoH. The first approach requires a priori knowledge about aging processes in the
system and accurate estimation of SoH. An estimation of SoH here is conditioned by tracking actual
accumulated damage into the system, so that particular model parameters are defined according to a
priori known assumptions about system’s aging. Prediction accuracy in this case is highly dependent on
accurate estimation of SoH but includes high number of degrees of freedom. The second approach in
this contribution does not require a priori knowledge about system’s aging as particular model
parameters are defined in accordance to multi-objective optimization procedure. Prediction accuracy
of this model does not highly depend on estimated SoH. This model has lower degrees of freedom.
Both approaches rely on previously developed lifetime models each of them corresponding to
predefined SoH. Concerning first approach, model selection is aided by state-machine-based algorithm.
45
�In the second approach, model selection conditioned by tracking an exceedance of predefined
thresholds is concerned. The approach is applied to data generated from tribological systems. By
calculating Root Squared Error (RSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Absolute Error (ABE) the accuracy
of proposed models/approaches is discussed along with related advantages and disadvantages.
Verification of the approach is done using cross-fold validation, exchanging training and test data. It
can be stated that the newly introduced approach based on data (denoted as data-based or datadriven) parametric models can be easily established providing detailed information about remaining
useful/consumed lifetime valid for systems with constant load but stochastically occurred damage.
Keywords: Structural health monitoring, Wear aging, Prognosis, Feature extraction, State classification,
Remaining lifetime modeling, Condition-based maintenance
46
�STRUCTURAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT UTILIZATION FOR LIFETIME
PROGNOSIS AND ADVANCED CONTROL STRATEGY DEPLOYMENT OF WIND
TURBINES: AN OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK CONCERNING ACTUAL
METHODS, TOOLS, AND OBTAINED RESULTS
Nejra Beganović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejra.beganovic@ibu.edu.ba
Dirk Söffker
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Germany
Abstract
In this contribution, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems applied to wind turbines (WTs) are
considered. Challenges resulting from contradictions between requirements related to efficient
operation with respect to energy production costs and those related to lifetime and maintenance are
discussed. Especially pronounced in larger WT systems, structural loads contribute to lifetime
shortening due to damage accumulation and damage-caused effects influencing subsystems of the
wind turbine. Continuous monitoring of the WT system concerning State-of-Health is necessitated to
provide information about the condition of the system guaranteeing reliable and efficient operation, as
well as efficient energy extraction. In recent years, structural health monitoring of WT systems is
significantly improved through automated on-line fault detection and health or condition monitoring
(CM) system integration. In this contribution the focus is given to hardware components (mainly sensor
technologies) and methods used for change evaluation, damage detection, and damage accumulation
estimation. Accordingly, this contribution comprises recent knowledge about methods and approaches
of handling structural loads with emphasis on offshore wind turbine systems and applied sensing
technologies (especially with respect to wind turbine blades, gearboxes, and bearings) and partly
hardware. Moreover, a brief sketch of an advanced concept is developed concerning structural load
examination affected by operating conditions. Key idea of the introduced approach is to use the
operating conditions to control and especially to extend system׳s lifetime. The review presents an actual
state-of-the-art and overview related to the use and application of SHM-related technologies and
methods. Especially in combination with the briefly introduced lifetime extension concept, the
47
�contribution gives comprehensive and detailed overview in combination with an outlook to upcoming
technological options.
Keywords: Structural health monitoring, Wind turbine diagnosis, Prognosis, Lifetime control, Home limp
modes
48
�IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DAMAGES
IN COMPOSITES USING REAL-TIME FPGA-BASED HARDWARE
FRAMEWORK. IN PROCEEDING OF ASME
Nejra Beganović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejra.beganovic@ibu.edu.ba
Dirk Söffker
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Germany
Sebastian F. Wirtz
Adauto P. A. Cunha
Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems become an integral part of most technical systems in
recent years. An integration of SHM in technical systems is closely related to: i) providing the guaranteed
service lifetime of a system, ii) scheduled/planned maintenance actions, and iii) optimized system
operation. For these purposes, different system variables can be monitored and utilized for an
estimation of aging level of the system. Monitored system variables are therefore correlated to
stochastically occurring damage, indirectly also to Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL). Among challenges
related to SHM, high attention is given to the reduction of a large amount of measured data and its
real-time signal processing. In this contribution, classification of damages in composite materials using
measurements of Acoustic Emission (AE) is proposed. Here, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is
applied to AE signal to identify different damages in composites. As AE-signal is found in high frequency
bandwidth, the amount of data captured in a short time period is enormous. Consequently, the
calculation of DWT of such signal requires processing time quite far from real time and delays the entire
classification procedure. Due to this, real-time implementation of DWT is proposed to cope with huge
amount of captured data in this case and to reduce the time required for signal processing. Using FPGAbased system, real-time implementation of DWT is shown. Obtained results are compared with the
results of offline DWT calculation to prove the efficiency and accuracy of real-time implementation.
Keywords: Composite materials , Hardware , Damage
49
�INTEGRATED PROGNOSTIC MODEL FOR RUL ESTIMATION USING
THRESHOLD OPTIMIZATION
Nejra Beganović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejra.beganovic@ibu.edu.ba
Dirk Söffker
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Germany
Rosmawati Jihin
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Germany
Abstract
The capability of prognostic models to estimate loss of machines functionality, enables plant operators
to manage the system maintenance and related logistics tasks (spare part management) effectively.
Prognostic models will be a key feature and therefore connect the operation of machines and systems
in higher modes of automation and factory digitalization, denoted as Industry 4.0 (Germany), Industrial
Internet (US), and China 2025 (China) focusing to machines life cycle with respect to reliable and
continuous operation and functionality. Prognostic models allow to estimate reliability characteristics
mainly related to lifetime and reliability’s characteristic (hazard rate, availability). Using the models
during operation, operational cost and in the best case due to connected maintenance strategies
unscheduled machine downtimes can be reduced. Through appropriate control strategies, it is possible
to preserve the service lifetime based on the information of damage accumulation in unpredicted
circumstances. Even with inadequate informations extracted from monitoring data, prognostic schemes
allow to predict upcoming physical characteristics that permits a higher level of condition-based system
maintenance. The optimization of integrated lifetime model becomes vital for accurate estimation of
machine’s state and therefore the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL). In this work, a previously developed,
novel state-machine model combined with parametric approaches is extended. The approach can be
characterized as parameterized state machine model. During training, experimental data including
stochastically effects stress-related data are combined with the moment in time of functional loss;
related parameters, and thresholds are combined to define a model by optimization. The threshold
optimization will identify the best optimal solution. The application (test) for unknown system data
demonstrate that these new kind of prognostic model is able to estimate the RUL with high accuracy.
In this paper, the optimization of the model containing the structure of state machine as well as related
parameters are discussed. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the improvement.
50
�HEALTH SERVICE QUALITY MEASUREMENT FROM PATIENT REVIEWS IN
TURKISH BY OPINION MINING
Zeynep Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zeynep.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Elton Domnori
Epoka University, Tirana
Albania
Migena Ceyhan
Universiteti i Shkodrës "Luigj Gurakuqi"
Albania
Abstract
Measuring the customer satisfaction is one of the most important aspects for every successful
enterprise trying to improve its service quality, so accumulating reviews is highly encouraged. However,
as the number of reviews expand it is crucial to develop effective sentiment analysis systems capable of
classifying the comments to accomplish further analysis. This is one of the rare studies analyzing health
service contentment, especially in Turkish. Positive and negative comments collected from patients
were used to train and test a classification system by using machine learning methods such as Naïve
Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SMO) and J48 tree algorithms, resulting in instantaneous and high
average prediction rates varying between 90.4% to 95.8%.
Keywords: Text classification Turkish Sentiment Analysis Opinion mining Health care reviews
classification
51
�E-MEDICAL TEST RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF
PATIENTS’ SYMPTOMS AND ANAMNESES
Zeynep Orhan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zeynep.orhan@ibu.edu.ba
Elton Domnori
Epoka University, Tirana
Albania
Migena Ceyhan
Universiteti i Shkodrës "Luigj Gurakuqi"
Albania
Abstract
This paper demonstrates an e-medical test recommendation system based on the analysis of patients’
symptoms and anamneses. The exact test selection for a specific patient can be time consuming and
error-prone due to the huge amount of information to be considered like: the number of tests, patients,
long working hours, exceptional cases, etc. The redundant or missing tests can cause serious loss of
money, time and more seriously delay in the initiation of the therapy. The study aims to provide a fast
and cost effective system for the medical experts and patients. The data are collected from the patient
records of a private hospital, preserving anonymity, from all departments. Only the internal medicine
department data are utilized. The patients’ age, gender and the words used in the anamneses and
symptoms as plain text are the input for the system. The texts are analyzed and various methods have
been applied for selecting the effective words for recommending a specific medical test. These terms,
along with the demographic information, are used as the features of the well-known machine learning
algorithms of WEKA [5], namely Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), J48, Random-Forest (RF),
Bagging (Bagg), ADTree (ADT) and AdaBoostM1 (ABoost). The number of medical tests that are
applicable in the hospitals is too high, therefore only 20 most frequently required ones are selected. The
promising results of the study indicated that the symptoms given as plain text can be efficiently utilized
by the experts for medical test selection.
Keywords: e-Medical Test Recommendation Natural Language Processing Morphological Analysis
Machine Learning
52
�CLOUD COMPUTING-BASED PARALLEL GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR GENE
SELECTION IN CANCER CLASSIFICATION
Dino Kečo
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dino.keco@ibu.edu.ba
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Cancer classification is one of the main steps during patient healing process. This fact enforces modern
clinical researchers to use advanced bioinformatics methods for cancer classification. Cancer
classification is usually performed using gene expression data gained in microarray experiment and
advanced machine learning methods. Microarray experiment generates huge amount of data, and its
processing via machine learning methods represents a big challenge. In this study, two-step
classification paradigm which merges genetic algorithm feature selection and machine learning
classifiers is utilized. Genetic algorithm is built in MapReduce programming spirit which makes this
algorithm highly scalable for Hadoop cluster. In order to improve the performance of the proposed
algorithm, it is extended into a parallel algorithm which process on microarray data in distributed
manner using the Hadoop MapReduce framework. In this paper, the algorithm was tested on eleven
GEMS data sets (9 tumors, 11 tumors, 14 tumors, brain tumor 1, lung cancer, brain tumor 2, leukemia
1, DLBCL, leukemia 2, SRBCT, and prostate tumor) and its accuracy reached 100% for less than 25
selected features. The proposed cloud computing-based MapReduce parallel genetic algorithm
performed well on gene expression data. In addition, the scalability of the suggested algorithm is
unlimited because of underlying Hadoop MapReduce platform. The presented results indicate that the
proposed method can be effectively implemented for real-world microarray data in the cloud
environment. In addition, the Hadoop MapReduce framework demonstrates substantial decrease in the
computation time.
Keywords: Cancer classification Gene expression Hadoop MapReduce Parallel genetic algorithm
53
�SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYSIS WEB APPLICATION
Dino Kečo
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dino.keco@ibu.edu.ba
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Bećir Isaković
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
becir.isakovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Social media is very important factor in analyzing modern society as a whole, their values, norms, and
behaviors, as being a part of our everyday life. This study is oriented towards analyzing social media in
order to allow users to create their own preferences to follow (analyze) a specific social media source.
The web application has been developed to allow a user to follow specific Facebook accounts and
categorize the Facebook posts on those accounts based on the user defined taxonomies. Results of this
study are various reports generated from the Facebook posts and their statistics that are clustered
based on the user defined taxonomies. The benefit of this project is that any user can track in real time
when people are talking about some topic, and it enables anyone to have better insight about society
as a whole, their values, norms, what they find interesting, and many other things. This tool is also
useful for different companies to track the user feedback on social networks for their products.
Keywords: Social Media Analysis, Facebook, Big Data, noSQL Database, Parallel Programming
54
�SYN FLOOD ATTACK DETECTION IN CLOUD COMPUTING USING SUPPORT
VECTOR MACHINE
Dino Kečo
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dino.keco@ibu.edu.ba
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Zerina Mašetić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zerina.masetic@ibu.edu.ba
Kemal Hajdarević
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Cloud computing is a trending technology, as it reduces the cost of running a business. However, many
companies are skeptic moving about towards cloud due to the security concerns. Based on the Cloud
Security Alliance report, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are among top 12 attacks in the cloud computing.
Therefore, it is important to develop a mechanism for detection and prevention of these attacks. The
aim of this paper is to evaluate Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in creating the model for
classification of DoS attacks and normal network behaviors. The study was performed in several phases:
a) attack simulation, b) data collection, c) feature selection, and d) classification. The proposed model
achieved 100% classification accuracy with true positive rate (TPR) of 100%. SVM showed outstanding
performance in DoS attack detection and proves that it serves as a valuable asset in the network security
area.
Keywords: Cloud computing, SYN flood, DoS attack, Support Vector Machine
55
�TRAINING NETWORK MANAGERS IN ETHICAL HACKING TECHNIQUES TO
MANAGE RESOURCE STARVATION ATTACKS USING GNS3 SIMULATOR
Nejdet Dogru
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejdet.dogru@ibu.edu.ba
Zerina Mašetić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zerina.masetic@ibu.edu.ba
Kemal Hajdarević
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Indira Avdagić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Adna Kozić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The threat of resource starvation attacks is one of the major problems for the e-Business. More recently
these attacks became threats for Cloud environments and Denial of Service is a sub-category of these
kinds of attack. The network management is process of taking proactive actions before the attack has
taken effect which is responsibility of skilled employees - network managers. In recent time vulnerability
testing skills are needed to harden system security. These skills have to be developed thus for we created
scenario in a controlled environment, to provide opportunity for student trainees to train their skills, so
that defense could be prepared. This paper describes a simulation-based training scenario using
simulator and by using hacking tools in which student trainees experience the symptoms and effects of
a DDoS attack, practice their responses in a simulated environment, with goal to prepare them for the
real attacks.
Keywords: Tools, Computer crime, Firewalls (computing), Random access memory, Training, Testing
56
�CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE DETECTION USING RANDOM FOREST
CLASSIFIER, COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
Zerina Mašetić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
zerina.masetic@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background and objectives
Automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat classification is substantial for diagnosing heart failure.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of machine learning methods in creating the model which
classifies normal and congestive heart failure (CHF) on the long-term ECG time series.
Methods
The study was performed in two phases: feature extraction and classification phase. In feature
extraction phase, autoregressive (AR) Burg method is applied for extracting features. In classification
phase, five different classifiers are examined namely, C4.5 decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, support
vector machine, artificial neural networks and random forest classifier. The ECG signals were acquired
from BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure and PTB Diagnostic ECG databases and classified by applying
various experiments.
Results
The experimental results are evaluated in several statistical measures (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy,
F-measure and ROC curve) and showed that the random forest method gives 100% classification
accuracy.
Conclusions
Impressive performance of random forest method proves that it plays significant role in detecting
congestive heart failure (CHF) and can be valuable in expressing knowledge useful in medicine.
Keywords: Electrocardiogram(ECG), Congestive heart failure (CHF), Autoregressive (AR) modeling,
Machine learning, Random forest
57
�AN EXTENDED MODEL OF A LEVEL AND FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Jasna Hivziefendić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasna.hivzifendic@ibu.edu.ba
Harun Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
haris.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
FESTO Compact Workstation is a well known didactic tool in process control. This paper aims at
providing an improved transfer function model of this system's level and flow control loops. This higher
order model is compared to existing first order system approximations of the level control loop in various
input-output scenarios to verify its applicability and superiority. Results are obtained using MATLAB
System Identification Toolbox after data acquisition in LabVIEW. MATLAB Simulink is used for cascade
PI and single loop PI experiments to show the improvement cascade control on the new model brings.
Together with the practical value the results have, the procedure conducted here can serve as a primer
and a tutorial for system identification class using this or similar apparatus.
Keywords: Process Control, Modeling, Simulation, Level Control, Flow Control
58
�MANAGEMENT OF THE POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS USING FUZZY LOGIC
Jasna Hivziefendić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasna.hivzifendic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirza Šarić
Abstract
This paper presents a fuzzy system for management of the power distribution network reconstruction
process. The proposed system is based on Mamdani type fuzzy inference which is used to model
reconstruction criteria. The system considers number of customers, rate of failure and age of
distribution lines as input variables and provides output values used as criteria in a decision making
process. The decision making process is based on the Bellman-Zadeh method in which decision making
is performed by the intersection of fuzzy goals and constraints. In this paper, fuzzy logic is introduced
as a system planning tool in order to account for weaknesses and imprecision of the traditional planning
methods. The proposed model is presented as a logical decision making framework which can be used
to evaluate and rank power distribution network reconstruction projects according to their ability to
deliver long term benefits, both to the utility and customers.
59
�CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF UNCERTAINTY MODELLING
METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Jasna Hivziefendić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasna.hivzifendic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirza Šarić
Abstract
Uncertainty is one of the most important factors which contributes to the complexity of the power
system operation and management. This paper presents some of the most important uncertainty
modelling techniques and compares their advantages and disadvantage. In particular, this paper
focuses on identification, classification and comparison of uncertainty modelling approaches used in
power systems, highlighting the Distributed Generation (DG) allocation problem. The main objective of
this paper is to identify the sources of uncertainty in DG allocation problem, review the most important
uncertainty modelling methods and propose the appropriate matching approach between the sources
of uncertainty and modelling methods.
60
�PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION,
DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM, AND WAVELET PACKED
DECOMPOSITION FOR AUTOMATED EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION AND
PREDICTION
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Emina Alickovic
Linköping University
Sweden
Abstract
This study proposes a new model which is fully specified for automated seizure onset detection and
seizure onset prediction based on electroencephalography (EEG) measurements. We processed two
archetypal EEG databases, Freiburg (intracranial EEG) and CHB-MIT (scalp EEG), to find if our model
could outperform the state-of-the art models. Four key components define our model: (1) multiscale
principal component analysis for EEG de-noising, (2) EEG signal decomposition using either empirical
mode decomposition, discrete wavelet transform or wavelet packet decomposition, (3) statistical
measures to extract relevant features, (4) machine learning algorithms. Our model achieved overall
accuracy of 100% in ictal vs. inter-ictal EEG for both databases. In seizure onset prediction, it could
discriminate between inter-ictal, pre-ictal, and ictal EEG with the accuracy of 99.77%, and between
inter-ictal and pre-ictal EEG states with the accuracy of 99.70%. The proposed model is general and
should prove applicable to other classification tasks including detection and prediction regarding biosignals such as EMG and ECG.
Keywords: Electroencephalography (EEG), Epilepsy, Seizure detection and prediction, Multiscale PCA
(MSPCA), Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Wavelet packet
decomposition (WPD)
61
�AN EFFECTIVE COMBINING CLASSIFIER APPROACH USING TREE
ALGORITHMS FOR NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Samed Jukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
samed.jukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a combining classifier model based on tree-based algorithms for network
intrusion detection. The NSL-KDD dataset, a much improved version of the original KDDCUP’99 dataset,
was used to evaluate the performance of our detection algorithm. The task of our detection algorithm
was to classify whether the incoming network traffics are normal or an attack, based on 41 features
describing every pattern of network traffic. The detection accuracy of 89.24 % was achieved using the
combination of random tree and NBTree algorithms based on the sum rule scheme, outperforming the
individual random tree algorithm. This result represents the highest result achieved so far using the
complete NSL-KDD dataset. Therefore, combining classifier approach based on the sum rule scheme can
yield better results than individual classifiers, giving us hope of better anomaly based intrusion
detection systems in the future.
Keywords: Intrusion detection, Tree-based classifiers, NSL-KDD, Combining classifiers approach
62
�COMPARISON OF SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN CLASSIFICATION
OF EEG SIGNALS FOR MOTOR-IMAGERY BCI SYSTEM
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
In this study, three popular signal processing techniques (Empirical Mode Decomposition, Discrete
Wavelet Transform, and Wavelet Packet Decomposition) were investigated for the decomposition of
Electroencephalography (EEG) Signals in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system for a classification task.
Publicly available BCI competition III dataset IVa, a multichannel 2-class motor-imagery dataset, was
used for this purpose. Multiscale Principal Component Analysis method was applied for the purpose of
noise removal. In addition, different sets of features were formed to examine the effect of a particular
group of features. The parameter selection process for signal decomposition methods was thoroughly
explained as well. Our results show that the combination of Multiscale Principal Component Analysis
de-noising and higher order statistics features extracted from wavelet packet decomposition sub-bands
resulted in highest average classification accuracy of 92.8%. Our study is one among very few that
provides a comprehensive comparison between signal decomposition methods in combination with
higher order statistics in classification of BCI signals. In addition, we stressed the importance of higher
frequency ranges in improving the classification task for EEG signals in Brain Computer Interface
Systems. Obtained results indicate that the proposed model has the potential to obtain a reliable
classification of motor imagery EEG signals, and can thus be used as a practical system for controlling
a wheelchair. It can also further enhance the current rehabilitation therapies where appropriate
feedback is delivered once the individual executes the correct movement. In that way, motor
rehabilitation outcomes may improve over time.
Keywords: Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Wavelet packet
decomposition (WPD), Motor imagery (MI), Brain computer interface (BCI), Higher order statistics (HOS),
BCI competition III dataset Iva
63
�EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION USING HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING
METHODS
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Canbaz
University of Nevada
US
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish a hybrid model for epileptic seizure detection with genetic algorithm
(GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the optimum parameters of support vector
machines (SVMs) for classification of EEG data. SVMs are one of the robust machine learning techniques
and have been extensively used in many application areas. The kernel parameter’s setting for SVMs in
training process effects the classification accuracy. We used GA- and PSO-based approach to optimize
the SVM parameters. Compared to the GA algorithm, the PSO-based approach significantly improves
the classification accuracy. It is shown that the proposed Hybrid SVM can reach a classification accuracy
of up to 99.38% for the EEG datasets. Hence, the proposed Hybrid SVM is an efficient tool for
neuroscientists to detect epileptic seizure in EEG.
Keywords: Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Epileptic seizure, Genetic
algorithm (GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Support vector machines (SVMs)
64
�WAVELET AND TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR (TEO) FOR HEART SOUND
PROCESSING AND IDENTIFICATION
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Bandić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.bandic@ibu.edu.ba
Aiša Ramović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Emina Germović
Abstract
The heart sound signal (heartbeat) recorded from normal subjects usually contains two separate tones,
S1 and S2. In addition, an auscultation technique used to provide physicians with accurate and objective
interpretation of heart sounds can be used to detect four sounds, namely, S1, S2, S3, and S4, during the
heart cycle. In this project, we propose a technique to detect these four heartbeats effectively using the
combination of multi-scale wavelet transform and Teager Energy Operator to increase the precision of
the detection process. The purpose of combining TEO with Wavelets is to observe how different details
obtained from the Wavelet Transform influence the Teager Operator success in detecting S1, S2, S3,
and S4 heart sounds. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated in experiments related to
different cardiac conditions, achieving 88 % accuracy for localization of S1 and S2, and 86 % accuracy
for S3 and/or S4.
Keywords: Heart sounds, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Teager Energy Operator (TEO),
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
65
�HEART SOUNDS DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM (DWT) TEAGER ENERGY
OPERATOR (TEO) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD)
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Hodžić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.hodzic@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Fojnica
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ahmed Osmanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Layla Abdel-Ilah
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This research implements decision tree classifiers and artificial neural network to predict whether the
patient will live with ovary cancer or not. Dataset was obtained from Danish Cancer Register and
contains five Input parameters. Dataset contains some missing values and a noticeable improvement
in accuracy was detected after removing them. Three features of the original dataset were shown to be
the most significant: Mobility of the cancer, Surface of the cancer, and the Consistency of the cancer.
The addition of the other two features (Size of the cancer and age of the patient) did not improve the
results significantly. It was noticed that the patients with a cystic, but fixed and even cancer have always
died from the ovary cancer. In contrast, the patients with uneven, but fixed and solid cancer have always
survived the cancer. It is recommended to include more information about either the cancer or the
patient to increase the chance of predicting the output of such patients.
Keywords: Ovary Cancer, Decision Tree Classifiers, Artificial Neural Network, Feature Selection
66
�OVARY CANCER DETECTION USING DECISION TREE CLASSIFIERS BASED ON
HISTORICAL DATA OF OVARY CANCER PATIENTS
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Bandić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.bandic@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Emir Džaferović
Sabahudin Vrtagić
Saeed Mian Qaisar
Abstract
It is estimated that there are millions of people with epilepsy around the world. Seizure detection and
prediction systems are built to improve lifestyle of patients. Closed-loop systems are designed to
predict and detect seizures and inform patient and caretakers. Ideally, wireless technologies are used
in order not to interfere with patient's life. We build a prototype for closed-loop systems consisting of
Mind Wave EEG capturing device and Android application communicating via Bluetooth. The
application can store signals locally or send them to cloud and then process them for different
applications such as BCI, Neurofeedback, epileptic seizure prediction, etc.
Keywords: Android, Electroencephalograpg (EEG), Closed-loop systems, Mind Wave Mobile Headset
67
�CRITERIA FOR SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE ESTIMATION
Harun Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
haris.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Bilić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.bilic@ibu.edu.ba
Mehrija Hasičić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehrija.hasicic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper gives a thorough overview of Solar Car Optimized Route Estimation (SCORE), novel route
optimization scheme for solar vehicles based on solar irradiance and target distance. In order to conduct
the optimization, both data collection and the optimization algorithm itself have to be performed using
appropriate hardware. Here we give an insight to both stages, hardware and software used and present
some results of the SCORE system together with certain improvements of its fusion and optimization
criteria. Results and the limited applicability of SCORE are discussed together with an overview of future
research plans and comparison with state-of-the-art solar vehicle optimization solutions.
Keywords: Vehicle routing, Electric vehicle, Solar vehicle, Navigation, Route optimization
68
�BERTHIL CEPSTRUM: A NOVEL VIBRATION ANALYSIS METHOD BASED ON
MARGINAL HILBERT SPECTRUM APPLIED TO ARTIFICIAL MOTOR AGING
Harun Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
haris.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Motor age determination as a part of condition monitoring heavily employs vibration analysis. This
study introduces a new method for such analysis, based on concepts of cepstrum and marginal Hilbert
spectrum. This new method, named Berthil cepstrum, may be applied in general signal processing, not
only when vibration signals are concerned. Classical marginal Hilbert spectrum has also been applied
to the artificial motor aging data with excellent results. Furthermore, a ranking of known spectrumbased methods for determination of motor age together with the new methods introduced in this study
has been made based on SVM and RELIEF attribute ranking, showing quality of the new methods.
Keywords: Hilbert transform, Cepstrum Vibration, Condition monitoring, Artificial motor aging
69
�PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE
ESTIMATION
Harun Šiljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
haris.siljak@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Bilić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.bilic@ibu.edu.ba
Mehrija Hasičić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mehrija.hasicic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Solar Car Optimized Route Estimation (SCORE) has been proposed in an earlier publication as an
alternative navigation principle for solar cars, conducting route optimization based on both distance
and solar irradiance data. This paper gives details about the implementation and discusses results of
SCORE's use, suggesting possible limitations and future research directions. The results show limited
applicability of solar irradiance data for route optimization, but suggesting that parking place selection
is an important aspect that needs to be taken care of. The implementation uses both a MATLAB testbed
application and C/C++ code for TI's ARM Cortex-M4F based TM4C123G LaunchPad, and the final version
of the SCORE client is placed in a custom built solar vehicle. Combined with the previously developed
server for sensor data collection and data processing and sensor transmitter infrastructure for solar
irradiation, the route optimization system is fully operational.
Keywords: Navigation, Embedded Systems, Solar Vehicles, Route Optimization
70
�APPLICATION OF TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR FOR THE POWER SYSTEM
FAULT IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALISATION
Nejra Čišija-Kobilica
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
nejra.cisija@ibu.edu.ba
Samir Avdaković
Abstract
Power system is constantly exposed to the disturbances. Some disturbances can cause cascading
propagation and outages of other generators or transmission lines in the system. Finally, this can lead
to partial or total system blackout. Wide Area Monitoring and Protection (WAMPAC) systems based on
phasor measurement units (PMU) are strongly improving in order to eventually prevent these
dangerous occurences. This platform presents the basis for the development of smart grids. One of the
requirements for smart power systems is the presence of the algorithms for fast and correct
identification and localization. In this paper Teager Energy Operator (TEO) is proposed for the
processing and analysis of the synchronized measurement signals in order to perform fault
identification and localization. Several fault types are simulated in the NE 39 bus test system using the
DigSILENT Power Factory software. The results of the fault identification and localization are compared
with the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).
71
�SENSOR NETWORK INFORMATION FLOW CONTROL METHOD WITH STATIC
COORDINATOR WITHIN INTERNET OF THINGS IN SMART HOUSE
ENVIRONMENT
Dejan Jokić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dejan.jokic@ibu.edu.ba
Aleksejs Jurenoks
Riga Technical University
Latvia
Abstract
Nowadays the technical solutions related to energy resource management are being rapidly developed
and integrated into the daily lives of people. The energy resource management systems use sensor
networks for receiving and processing information during the realia time. Despite the large number of
research related to increasing the life expectancy of a network, node positioning, network clustering as
well as the optimization of the data-processing model, issues related to the data flow management and
classification of the information become more and more topical; they allow to reduce the amount of
transmitted information within the network. The network load of the unstructured information flow is
the most important aspect that impacts the service quality of the network as well as the life expectancy
of a node; as a result, the methods of network performance optimization and increase in life expectancy
in the networks with a high information transmission rate become ineffective. Nowadays the amount
of transmitted information in the Internet of Things networks is increased and becomes chaotic which
results in the reduction of the overall network efficiency and life expectancy. The article discusses the
management method of the network data flow that can respond to a data flow programming task
whilst taking into account the balancing of the node energy in the network.
Keywords: Sensor NetworkLife expectancyData processingSmart house
72
�COORDINATOR ROLE MOBILITY METHOD FOR INCREASING THE LIFE
EXPECTANCY OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Dejan Jokić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dejan.jokic@ibu.edu.ba
Aleksejs Jurenoks
Riga Technical University
Latvia
Abstract
The general problem of wireless sensor network nodes is the low-power batteries that significantly limit
the life expectancy of a network. Nowadays the technical solutions related to energy resource
management are being rapidly developed and integrated into the daily lives of people. The energy
resource management systems use sensor networks for receiving and processing information during
the realia time. The present paper proposes using a coordinator role mobility method for controlling the
routing processes for energy balancing in nodes, which provides dynamic network reconfiguration
possibilities. The method is designed to operate fully in the background and can be integrated into any
exiting working system.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Life Expectancy, Sensor Network
73
�COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROLLERS FOR PUMA 560 ROBOT
Dejan Jokić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
dejan.jokic@ibu.edu.ba
Slobodan Lubura
Faculty of Electrical Engineering East Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Regarding the fact that the industrial robot PUMA 560 is one of the robots with the best mathematical
description of its kinematics, it found the new application in the research laboratories for educational
purposes. For that reason there is a need to design new controllers which would be compatible with the
contemporary CAD tools used for robot movement programming in a graphic manner. Basically, new
controllers can be divided into two groups: PC-based and with embedded computer. It is well established
that PC computers are known for their unreliability and sensitivity to computer viruses and the
suggestion is that the stated shortcomings should be overcome by the use of FPGA based embedded
computers. In this paper is suggested FPGA based controller which has to answer the following
requirement of the hypothesis: realisation of the robot controller based on FPGA chip (single chip) which
contributes the system availability and safety while answering all the functional, safety and economical
requirements. The new controller will enable the use of advance CAD tools which is one of the aims of
the research.
Keywords: Robot Control, Controllers, Arm Movements, Digital Circuits, Control Algorithms
74
�CLOUD-BASED MOBILE PLATFORM FOR EEG SIGNAL ANALYSIS
Jasmin Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasmin.kevric@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Bandić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.bandic@ibu.edu.ba
Abdulhamit Subasi
Effat University
Saudi Arabia
Emir Džaferović
Sabahudin Vrtagić
Saeed Mian Qaisar
Abstract
It is estimated that there are millions of people with epilepsy around the world. Seizure detection and
prediction systems are built to improve lifestyle of patients. Closed-loop systems are designed to predict
and detect seizures and inform patient and caretakers. Ideally, wireless technologies are used in order
not to interfere with patient's life. We build a prototype for closed-loop systems consisting of Mind
Wave EEG capturing device and Android application communicating via Bluetooth. The application can
store signals locally or send them to cloud and then process them for different applications such as BCI,
Neurofeedback, epileptic seizure prediction, etc.
Keywords: Android, Electroencephalograpg (EEG), Closed-loop systems, MindWave Mobile Headset
75
�THE ABILITY OF WATER ACCUMULATION MODRAC TO BE SOURCE FOR
DRINKING WATER
Ahmed El Sayed
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ahmed.elsayed@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Habibović
Jasmina Marić
Abstract
The largest water management facility in Bosnia and Herzegovina is water accumulation Modrac. Total
annual water balance is around 500 million m3. This research examine the possibility of water supply
for settlements in the area, as well as providing the necessary amount of technical water for the industry
from the Modrac accumulation. Given that Modrac accumulation is the primary recipient of wastewater
from settlements and industry, necessary measures for wastewater treatment are defined. Hydraulic
analysis of water balance in the accumulation, as well as the amount of water consumed in the
settlements and industries, determined are the possibilities of accumulation as a source of drinking
water. According to this analysis, the accumulation has potential to be a source of water supply, not
only for the city of Tuzla, but the surrounding areas without significant negative impact on the balance
of water in the accumulation. It is also concluded that the appropriate treatment of waste water from
industry and settlements that gravitate to accumulation, provides better quality of raw water which
would be purified into drinking water.
Keywords: Accumulation, Water supply, Specific consumption, potable water treatment, raw water,
hydraulic pressure, drinking water quality, water balance
76
�REALNA PRIMJENLJIVOST EKOLOŠKI PRIHVATLJIVIH MATERIJALA I
TEHNOLOGIJA U IZGRADNJI ENERGETSKI EFIKASNIH ZGRADA U BIH
Ahmed El Sayed
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ahmed.elsayed@ibu.edu.ba
Ismail Zejnilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Fuad Ćatović
Abstract
Ekspanzija industrije prouzrokovana potrebama ekonomskog rasta i porastom potreba stanovništva u
svijetu, praćena je intenzivnom potrošnjom primarnih energenata i nekontrolisanom eksploatacijom
prirodnih resursa. Posljedice su vidljive svuda oko nas, zrak, voda i tlo zagađeni su do nivoa da nam je
ozbiljno ugroženo zdravlje prije svega. To su problemi koji su se akumulirali prethodnih dva vijeka ali su
tek poslednjih decenija postali aktuelni na globalnom nivou. Naftna kriza iz 1973, katastrofa u Černobilu
iz 1986 i teorija o klimatskim promjenama i globalnom zagrijavanju su uzdrmale svijet i izvukle ga iz
iracionalne nezainteresovanosti za štetu koju nanosimo okruženju i prvenstveno sami sebi. Iluzije o
ljudskoj superiornosti nad prirodom i neiscrpnim obiljem su zamijenjene brigom za budućnost i
racionalnijim pristupom ka održivom razvoju. Potrošnja fosilnih goriva je identifikovana kao jedan od
glavnih uzročnika štetnog uticaja na okolinu. Bez obzira na napore u razvoju alternativnih i forsiranju
korištenja obnovljivih izvora energije, učešće fosilnih goriva u ukupnoj proizvodnji energije u svijetu je
prema podacima Svjetske banke (The World Bank) još uvijek 87,5% i bilježi blagi porast. U prosjeku 4145% od ukupno proizvedene svjetske energije se koristi u zgradama. Samim tim značaj i pozitivni efekti
povećanja energetske efikasnosti u zgradama su neupitni. Bez obzira na deklarativnu sada već
decenijsku posvećenost povećanju energetske efikasnosti zgrada, sve je još uvijek u nekoj ranoj fazi
razvoja. Razloga ima više, prvenstveno zbog tipske inertnosti građevinske industrije, zatim neadekvatne
zakonske regulative i standardizacije, ekonomskih barijera i zastoja u razvoju novih tehnologija. Postoji
i vidljiv otpor u prihvatanju novog načina razmišljanja i praktičnoj primjeni, posebno jer su kriterijumi
za energetsku efikasnost upotpunjeni i kriterijumom ekološke prihvatljivosti. Novi pristup razvoju
projekta u građevinarstvu je zasnovan na detaljnoj analizi ukupnih efekata budućeg objekta, kroz
procese dizajniranja, izgradnje i upotrebe sve do potencijalnog kraja njegovog postojanja. To
77
�podrazumijeva analizu ekološkog, ekonomskog i kulturološkog efekta izgradnje zgrade, životnog ciklusa
upotrijebljenih materijala i tehnologija, kapaciteta zgrade i njene interakcije sa okolinom, komfora
prostora i mogućeg uticaja na zdravlje budućih korisnika. Energetska efikasnost zgrada se na
prostorima BiH uglavnom poistovjećuje sa upotrebom „što debljeg“ termo izolacionog sloja na
fasadama i termo izolacionog stakla na otvorima zgrade. Kada su u pitanju ekološki prihvatljivi
materijali to je još uvijek pastoralna priča o drvetu, blatu, slami, kamenu i vuni. Upotreba nekih od
tehnologija za pasivnu ili aktivnu uštedu energije je zanemariva. Svakako da se može naći opravdanje
za takvo stanje stvari ali postoji i prostor za poboljšanja. Cilj ovog rada je da se evidentira problematika
i ukaže na realne mogućnosti promjena u pristupu izgradnji energetski efikasnih zgrada u BiH.
Keywords: Industrijalizacija, životna sredina, održivi razvoj, ušteda energije, izgradnja, ekološka
prihvatljivost, materijali, tehnologije
78
�EXPERIENCE IN TESTING OF CONCRETE FOR WATER PENETRATION DURING
CONSTRUCTION OF WWTP IN BIHAĆ
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Sabina Kozlica
Ena Čehić
Abstract
Water tightness defines the resistance of concrete structures to the penetration of water under specific
pressure. Since hydrotehnical structures are mainly made of reinforced concrete and are used for water
retention, these facilities must be watertight, so special attention is paid to the concrete mix design,
including admixtures. Thus, satisfying this criteria was unavoidable during the design and construction
of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Bihać, as a part of the Project for Collection and Treatment of
Waste Water. Consequently, testing of water resistance of concrete was conducted according to EN
12390-8:2010, and goal of this paper is to present this experience through data processing and test
results.
Keywords: Water resistant concrete, Concrete Quality control, Waste Water Treatment Plant in Bihać
79
�EXPERIENCE IN TESTING OF CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT ACCORDING TO
EN 10002-1
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Sabina Kozlica
Ena Čehić
Abstract
Construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a second component of the Waste Water
Collection and Treatment Project in Bihać. WWTP Project included design and construction of complex
hydro technical facilities that represent technological parts for waste water treatment. Since majority
of facilities of WWTP are designed and constructed as reinforced concrete structures, a special attention
was given in quality control of concrete and reinforcement. This paper’s focus is the quality control of
installed concrete reinforcement at the construction site of WWTP. The aim of the paper is to show,
emphasize and share experience with professional community in application and implementation of
European norm for concrete reinforcement - EN 10002-1 in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: EN 10002-1, Testing, Reinforcement Quality Control, Waste Water Treatment Plant
80
�APPLICATION OF CPR 305/2011 TO PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Bajramović
University of Bihać
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper introduces the method of implementation of the European Parliament and the Council
Construction Products Regulation No. 305/2011 for precast concrete products. The Regulation defines
the conditions for placement of construction products in the internal market of the European Union, as
well as methods and systems for conformity assessment to demonstrate the continuity of the
characteristics of construction products. There are authorities to control the internal market community,
in the countries of the European Union, whose main task is to control whether the product and
supporting documentation meet the requirements of the Regulation. This work focuses to conformity
assessment of precast concrete products in accordance with European harmonized standards. Meeting
the requirements of the Regulation and harmonized standards for precast concrete products, the
product can be introduced to the EU market.
Keywords: CPR Regulation, Precast Concrete Elements, Quality, CE Marking
81
�ACCREDITED LABORATORIES IN PROCESS OF INTRODUCING OF
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS TO EU MARKET
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Bajramović
University of Bihać
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Laboratories that tend to be competitive in the international market must establish, document, apply
and maintain a quality management system according to EN ISO/IEC 17025 - General requirements for
the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. Acceptance of testing results among countries
should be easier if laboratories comply with ISO/IEC 17025, and will also improve cooperation among
laboratories. Accreditation of laboratories is used worldwide as a vehicle to verify their technical
competence to conduct specific types of tests. Customers require confidence in in the safety and quality
of products purchased. The accreditation of laboratories provides confidence in test results and it is an
evidence of their competence as well. The paper gives an overview of the current status of accredited
laboratories for construction products in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The appropriate testing and
certification of products are of great importance for the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina, if
accepted and recognized by the EU member states. This is possible to be done in the framework of own
infrastructure, including affordable prices. There are many industrial fields of expertise in which
technical regulations require testing of products conducted in accredited laboratories.
Keywords: Labaratories Accreditation, ISO/IEC 17025, Construction product
82
�CARBON FIBERS - MATERIAL OF NEW POSSIBILITIES
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Aldin Mahmutović
University of Bihać
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Carbon fibers were patented in 1957 by Roger Bacon in the laboratory of Union Carbide, Ohio, Cleveland,
USA. In the beginning, they were not being applied in the construction industry. However, the
development of technology for their production, their mechanical properties, especially the ability to
take over tensile forces, low self-weight, durability, resistance to corrosion and chemicals, and relatively
simple application candidate this material for the material of the future in the construction industry and
civil engineering. Their high cost is the reason why carbon fibers are not applied more in construction,
at the moment. Carbon fibers are mostly currently used in the construction for reinforcement of
concrete and timber structures and joints, for the rehabilitation of structures damaged by the action of
seismic forces and fire, as well as to increase the load-bearing capacity of structures due to increased
static and dynamic loads caused by change of occupancy of different structures, as well as for the
rehabilitation of pavements. The application of carbon fibers in Bosnia and Herzegovina is squeezed to
relatively limited number of cases.
Keywords: Carbon bers, Carboplate sheets, Tensile forces, Reconstruction
83
�EXPERIENCES IN TESTING OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
DURING CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE WATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT
PLANT IN BIHAĆ ACCORDING TO BAS EN 206:2014
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Sabina Kozlica
Ena Čehić
Abstract
Concrete structures need to meet requirements of load bearing capacity, but also requirements of
serviceability and durability. BAS EN 206:2014 defines the requirements for sampling and testing of
concrete, and the final assessment of the conformity and identity of concrete to designed class. This
paper presents some experiences in concrete quality control conducted during the construction of
Wastewater Treatment Plant in Bihac according to the newest BAS EN 206:2014. The aim of this paper
is to exchange experience with professional community in concrete quality control in line with this
newest standard.
Keywords: Concrete Compressive Strength, Waste Water Treatment Plant, Concrete Quality Control,
Testing
84
�CONCRETE CONSISTENCY TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION OF THE
WASTE WATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT PLANT IN BIHAĆ
ACCORDING TO EN 206:2014
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Sabina Kozlica
Ena Čehić
Abstract
Workability of fresh concrete mix or possibility of work with concrete is very important during
construction. Concrete elements have different shapes and dimensions of cross-sections, schedules of
reinforcement, while concrete is installed in different ways and using different means for casting and
compacting. In this sense, it is necessary to specify the correct consistency class of concrete. The goal of
this paper is to present the experience of the consistency testing of concrete, using slump and flow test
according to BAS EN 206:2014 during construction of the Waste Water Treatment Plant in Bihac
(WWTP).
Keywords: Concrete, Consistency of Concrete; Testing, Waste Water Treatment Plant in Bihac
85
�INSULATION MATERIALS – REACTION TO FIRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
There is a relatively wide variety of thermal insulation materials in the market for the building
construction. Most recently, traditional insulating materials such as sheep wool and baled straw for the
construction of "green buildings" regain their importance. However, in the conventional construction
practice, almost 90% of the application of insulating materials are stone and glass wool, expanded and
extruded polystyrene and polyurethanes. The purpose of this paper is to address aspects of the reaction
to fire, and fire behavior of these materials, as well as environmental aspects and impacts on public
health, which could contribute to the raising awareness of designers and the general public to take into
consideration the parameters listed in this paper during selection process of the most appropriate
insulating material for actual building or specific application.
Keywords: Insulation materials, Reaction to fire, European Classifications
86
�FIRE RESISTANCE OF THE STRAW BALE WALLS
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Straw as construction material deserves considerable attention as a natural, energy and
environmentally sustainable material in the modern period of building sustainable creation. Straw bales
meet the requirements of sustainable architecture, but different researches have also shown satisfying
specific significant level of certain mechanical characteristics. In this paper, fire resistance of loadbearing and non-loadbearing plastered and un-plastered walls made of baled straw, or wall panels with
insulation of baled straw was considered. Fire resistance tests of the straw baled walls are relatively
rare in the world and performed in accordance with different standards. Practically, almost all findings
of such tests show a surprisingly encouraging results.
Keywords: Straw Bales, Walls, Fire Protection
87
�EARLY MUSEUMS AS SYMBOL OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
Lejla Odobašić Novo
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.odobasic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper traces the role of the museum as a tool in the formation of national identity, in Bavarian
kingdom, during the late eighteen and early nineteenth centuries. The importance of the museums in
Berlin and Munich, built under the rule of Ludwig I, is that they helped to forge the new museum
typology that were applied to other European cities with the same intent. The paper examines three
museums from Munich and Berlin: The Altes Museum, the Glyptothek and the Alte Pinakothek. It seeks
to establish the relationship between the content or the collection and the container or the building
itself as well as the expression of this phenomena into the architectural language.
Keywords: Museum, Collective Identity, Civic Architecture, Nationalism, Cultural Buildings
88
�CROSSING SITELINES / TRAGUARDARE L’ADRIATICO (BOOK CHAPTER)
Lejla Odobašić Novo
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.odobasic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
l numero 35 della collana Re-Cycle ITALY — Nuovi cicli di vita per architetture e infrastrutture di città e
paesaggio — contiene la ricerca di una delle componenti dell’unità di Pescara – Università G. d’Annunzio
- (coordinatore Francesco Garofalo). Il lavoro nasce da una serie di sguardi incrociati attraverso
l’Adriatico che, a partire da Pescara, ha traguardato verso molte città dell’Euro–Regione Adriatica e dei
Balcani (Rijeka, Zagabria, Belgrado, Spalato, Durazzo, e Sarajevo).Con il contributo di colleghi e
ricercatori delle diverse città, il lavoro ha affrontato letture e interpretazioni dei contesti e definito
processi e strategie di ri–generazione e riciclo urbano, all’interno di una aggiornata visione
geourbanistica dell’intera regione che veda nella cultura e nella forza delle idee gli strumenti principali
per creare ponti e stabilire connessioni e nel rapporto tra geografia, urbanistica e architettura la sua
possibile nuova matrice identitaria.
89
�ARS AEVI: LA CULTURA COME ARMA
Lejla Odobašić Novo
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.odobasic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Conceived during the siege of Sarajevo, with the city under bombardment, Ars Aevi contemporary art
museum is the outcome of an extraordinary story. By involving the world’s most important artists, it
became the emblem of the city’s cultural resistance and the will to foster multicultural values.
90
�APPLICATION OF THE MONITORING TOOLS FOR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT
PROJECTS
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Omar Kapetanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
omar.kapetanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Projects aimed to improve education systems, especially at universities, are the best way to create the
better future, but examples until recently showed that such projects were usually too slow in
implementation and sometimes avoided. Recently, universities have become aware that trends and
needs are changing almost on daily basis and that improvement of the system once in a few years is
not sufficient, rather the improvement is continuous process. In that regard, departments’ management
should become more open to such improvements. Opening of the universities to more improvements
brought number of issues regarding what exactly and how improvements should be implemented.
Decision making in such project implementation should be made based upon clear evidences and trends.
This paper assesses and focuses to the application of monitoring and evaluation tools in project
management for tracking development of university department of architecture and will propose a set
of activities and performance indicators in support to implementation of strategic objectives believed
to contribute to better education process. In addition, the paper suggests how and which results in each
phase of the project implementation should be monitored as a basis for assessment of the project goals
in improvement of organizational effectiveness and efficiency, curriculum development, staffing,
students participation, including stakeholders engagement, recognition of the department and market
validation, taking quantitative, qualitative and psychological aspects into consideration.
Keywords: Monitoring and Evaluation, Department of Architecture, Education System
91
�COMPARISON OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS AND
GANTT CHART APPROACH IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Omar Kapetanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
omar.kapetanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Bračković
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sarina Sabotić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Gantt charts are commonly used in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a planning basis for the construction of
engineering and architectural structures. Although very simple and transparent in everyday use, they
have a range of shortcomings. The main disadvantage of a Gantt chart is lack of interdependence
between individual activities. Interdependence is established subjectively, based upon empirical
experience of planners or project managers. Therefore, it is difficult to perform correct managerial
decisions, which ultimately leads to serious of problems in the implementation of the project,
construction delays, and even waste of resources, including suffering of contractual penalties. Critical
path analysis establishes dependencies between activities in the implementation of the project, which
leads to a sequence of activities on the critical path, as well as the identification of activities that can
have a float in project implementation. Based on this technique, it is possible to make appropriate
managerial decisions and intervene in a technically and managerial correct manner, based on the
performance data. This paper and the conclusions of the analysis on four case studies will justify the
application of the critical path analysis versus Gantt chart planning in project management.
Keywords: Planning, Gantt chart, Critical Path Analysis, Project Management
92
�USER – BASED APPROACH IN THE PLANNING AND CONFIGURATION OF
LIVING SPACES
Adnan Novalić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.novalic@ibu.edu.ba
Emina Zejnilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
emina.zejnilovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
In the contemporary world the lack of living spaces — environments of dormitory facilities and proper
accommodation for students is more than evident. Worldwide migrations of university students is
triggering a huge market that is offering various opportunities of accommodations, and it is more than
often that the offered accommodation is not satisfying the living requirements of students as individuals,
which is directly influencing their success in educational process. One of potential reasons for
unsuccessful accommodation condition lies in the fact that in most of the countries the dormitory
facilities are not the buildings originally designed with the function of dormitories, but they are
adaptation of the buildings that were constructed with other primary functions and purposes. Another
reason might be hidden in the sorrow reality that architects in the planning and configuration approach
might be making some intentional (omissions that are justified by market demands) an unintentional
mistakes that are based on the lack of knowledge and understanding of the way of living of students,
and their priorities and living requirements. In this study the aim is to determine the significance of user
based approach in the process of configuration of living spaces in the case of dormitory facilities and
priorities among the principles that are adding the essential meaning of living environment for students
in the frame of dormitory facilities and it has been done through evaluation of several examples of
dormitories of contemporary world, as well as through the revision of standards and principles related
to planning and configuration of living spaces of dormitory facilities.
Keywords: Dormitory, Privacy, Habituation, Belongingness, Motivational needs, Basic needs
93
�A REVIEW ON SHEARING OF SINGLE LIVING SPACE IN RESIDENTIAL
ARCHITECTURE
Adnan Novalić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adnan.novalic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This paper traces the rules that are governing the use of living spaces in the cases when two or more
users — inhabitants are reduced to share the space and live together. As such, this research is aims to
present the minimum living requirements of one human individual — user that are supposed to be
satisfied within the process of planning of configuration of spaces that are expected to accommodate
the users and to expose the principles and rules that should be followed through the process of
architectural planning and design. This research is based on observations made within the qualitative
analysis method, in the frame of which the selected examples and illustrations will be evaluated and
properly compared according to the standards and architectural planning principles related to the rules
of configuration of living spaces. This study gives the better insight into the principles of configuration
of living spaces that are planned to govern the shearing of one living space and evaluates the
'minimums' that are required to be satisfied for each individual — for each user / inhabitant. Complete
focus of this research is based on the functional organization of single room for teenage children within
the residential complexes and dormitory facilities, and through this review it is aimed to follow the
possible traces of simplified understandings of the relations between users (as individuals), actions —
functions, and living space.
Keywords: Living space, Shearing, Areas of Activities, Individual areas, Basic needs
94
�THE ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS OF SARAJEVO: A CITY SHAPED BY
MEMORY
Emina Zejnilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
emina.zejnilovic@ibu.edu.ba
Erna Husukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
erna.husukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This article discusses aesthetic singularity in present-day Sarajevo and shows how time generates a
social response to the visual quality of space. Acknowledging the meta-morphosis of the cityscape with
regard to the identity reformulation of postwar Sarajevo. it examines the sensor engagement of people
with the urban environment in relationship to the traumatic events and shifting realities imposed by
globalisation. The hypothesis is that the environmental aesthetics of post-war a in are defined by the
traumatic memory of physical and social destruction. This article offers insight within a broad range of
theoretical discussions on the changes in the visual language and aesthetic quality of urban spaces in
post-war Sarajevo. In particular, it presents the notion of urban memory and its role in shaping the
aesthetic experience in post-war cities. Finally, the findings show that architectural remnants, or ruins
in the urban fabric, instead of being unstable entities, have the potential to become drivers of a
continuum. Ultimately, this article accepts the values of incompleteness and opens new perspectives
towards playful experimentation, which potentially relieves the aesthetic experience of a rigid and
monotonous urban image.
Keywords: Aesthetic Experience, Urban Memory, Visual Language of a City, Value of Ruins, Valued
Perception
95
�BIO-BASED STUDENT PAVILION IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Maja Roso Popovac
University Džemal Bijedić Mostar
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Elma Krasny
Ognjen Šukalo
Venera Vukašinović
Abstract
Construction sector pollutes the environment the most and it is followed by transportation. Energy
resources are depleting and there is a great need for use of renewable energy resources. People spend
80% of their time in their homes. The air quality of these homes is poor due to the chemical and synthetic
construction materials use. Most of the construction materials utilized in common construction have
small or no recycability potential. This paper presents a project by International Burch University in
cooperation with Green Council that aims to propose a solution for some of the challenges listed above.
Student Pavilion is a low-energy house built of bio-based, local building materials that provide healthy
air quality for its inhabitants, pleasant and spiritually uplifting environment to live in. Furthermore, since
they are natural, these materials are almost 100% degradable. Student Pavilion is being constructed in
Sarajevo, on International Burch University campus and it consists of wooden frame structure, strawbale walls with natural plastering, reused windows and doors, straw-bale floor and roof insulation and
green roof. Wool insulation is also used on the roof and portion of the wall. First construction phase of
Student Pavilion was completed in September of 2016 through summer school when 15 students
together with the experts and professors participated. The goal of this summer school was to educate
the students bio-based, sustainable building techniques. The plan is to complete the construction of this
house in summer of 2017. This house will serve as a laboratory for future research. This is why the
sensors will be placed in this house that measure temperature and humidity of different wall
configurations as well as CO2 levels in the house. Thermal imaging and air tightness tests will be
conducted. The plan is to conduct long-term measurements with the first ones to be published after a
year of construction.
96
�PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND
COST OF BIO-BASED HOUSE VERSUS CONCRETE-BRICK HOUSE
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Azra Korjenic
Technische Universität Wien
Austria
Elma Krasny
Abstract
In order to reduce the amount of energy being spent in the construction industry and to achieve the EU
Climate and Energy Package goals by 2020, new ways of constructing houses are required. This research
proposes construction of bio-based nearly zero energy or passive houses as one solution. For this
research paper, typical house construction methods in the Balkan region are analysed and compared to
current Austrian house construction methods (in particular, straw bale house built to passive house
standards), since Austria is now one of the leading countries in Europe when it comes to offering smart
and eco-friendly construction methods. This paper aims to enhance the understanding of the
environmental performance of straw bale house in the Balkan region, develop the mainstream
acceptance and use of straw as a construction material by proving that, such home is not only healthier
for the environment, but also economically justifiable to construct than concrete-brick homes usually
built in this region of the world. This is done via energy analysis in both BIM and Baubook software,
construction cost calculation and comparison of two different house types virtually placed in Bosnia and
Herzegovina as a representative country of Balkan region: • Type 1: bio-based house: Stone with lime
foundations, wooden bearing structure, straw bale walls, no traditional heating and air conditioning,
green roof, etc. House is designed to passive house standard. • Type 2: concrete house: Type 1 geometry,
but different building materials (reinforced concrete structure with brick walls, Styrofoam insulation). It
will be determined if this house complies with EU Standards in regards to energy efficiency. This research
proves that bio-based house is in compliance with Passive House Standards, more energy efficient and
affordable to construct and maintain. Keywords Bio-based house, nearly zero energy house, passive
house, straw bale, energy analysis, BIM, Baubook.
97
�ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND COST
OF BIO-BASED HOUSE VERSUS CONCRETE HOUSE
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Azra Korjenic
Technische Universität Wien
Austria
Elma Krasny
Abstract
In order to reduce the amount of energy being spent in the construction industry and to achieve the EU
Climate and Energy Package goals by 2020, new ways of constructing houses is required. This research
proposes construction of bio-based nearly zero energy or passive houses as one solution.Typical house
construction methods in the Balkan region are analysed and compared to current Austrian house
construction methods (in particular straw bale house built to passive house standards), since Austria is
now one of the leading countries in Europe when it comes to offering smart and eco-friendly
construction methods. This paper aims to enhance the understanding of the environmental
performance of straw bale house in the Balkan region, develop the mainstream acceptance and use of
straw as a construction material by proving that, such home is not only healthier for the environment,
but also economically justifiable to construct than concrete/brick homes usually built in this region of
the world. This is done via energy analysis in both BIM and Baubook software and construction cost
calculation and comparison of two different house types virtually placed in Bosnia and Herzegovina as
a representative country of Balkan region. Type 1 is bio-based house, while Type 2 is concrete house of
similar geometry. During the analysis, it was discovered that Type 1 house is in compliance with passive
house standards, while Type 2 isn't. Furthermore, energy use intensity according to BIM analysis for
Type 1 is half of the value of the Type 2 house. Peak heating load for Type 2 house is much larger than
for the Type 1 house. Global warming potential of Type 1 house is negative, which means that bio-based
materials absorb CO2 during its life. Global warming potential for Type 2 is 435.02 kgCO2/m2. In
addition to this, it costs slightly less to construct Type 1 house than Type 2 house. Therefore, this paper
proves that Type 1 – Bio-based house is cheaper to construct and more energy efficient than Type 2 –
Concrete house that is typically being constructed in the Balkan region.
Keywords: Bio-based house, Concrete house, Environmental impact, Cost, BIM, Energy analysis
98
�LOCAL, TRADITIONAL, NATURAL MATERIALS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Sanela Klarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanela.klaric@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Joining the European Union is a strategic priority of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The energy efficiency
sector is sector which is discussed a lot and which brings together a large number of stakeholders, but
unfortunately it is currently characterized by a great lack of connection, unsustainability and
superficiality. Bos-nia and Herzegovina is a country with a rich tradition of construction with local and
natural materials. There are many examples of preserved traditional buildings, live old crafts, as well as
the enormous potential of natural resources which all together open up possibilities char-actersitic only
for few countries in Europe. Analyses indicate rich forest resources, richness in high-quality wood
materials, tradition in the processing and manufacturing of wood. The existing infrastructure does not
require large investments, but it requires a clear vision and financial development support. Besides the
tradition and potential in the wood industry, great potential of the textile industry is recognized-industry
which traditionally has also been well-developed and stable, which today can serve as a strong basis
for the adjustment of clean technologies for production of insulation panels from sheep's wool, as well
as from recycled textiles and other materials. In addition to sheep's wool, B&H also has the potential in
other materials such as straw, clay and lime managed in the sector of agriculture and rural development.
It was noted that current activities in the field of energy efficiency are focused primarily on the first part
of the energy efficiency definition which refers to the use of less energy, while a very important element
of this definition is being ignored, element that reffers to the care of life quality improvement. Solving
optimal ventilation and recuperation system, as well as concern about the use of non-toxic materials,
must also be a priority for future energy efficiency projects in B&H. Exactly Directive 2010/31/EU of the
European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings, which introduced the
categories of primary energy and CO2 emissions in the process of certification , becomes a Directive
that should be also the goal for us in B&H. The energy efficiency sector can provide an opportunity for
creating a wide range of new jobs in B&H.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Energy Efficiency, Local Natural Resources, Interdisciplinary
Coordination, CO 2, Green Jobs
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�APPLICATIONS OF QSAR STUDY IN DRUG DESIGN
Layla Abdel-Ilah
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Veljović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and quantitative structure-property relationship
(QSPR) studies are important in silico methods in rational drug design. The aim of this methods are to
optimize the existing leads in order to improve their biological activities and physico-chemical properties.
Also, to predict the biological activities of untested and sometimes yet unavailable compounds. This
article is a general review of different QSAR/QSPR studies in different previous researches. R2 and Q2
parameters are used in some studies to predict the predictability and robustness of the constructed
models. In all mentioned articles QSAR study were good prediction tool for investigation drug activity
or binding mode on specific receptors.
Keywords: Drug design, QSAR, QSPR, Molecular Descriptor, Coefficient of Determination R2, Squared
Correlation Coefficient Q2.
100
�GENOTYPE ASSOCIATION WITH SPORT ACTIVITY: THE IMPACT OF ACE AND
ACTN3 GENE POLYMORPHISM ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Enisa Omanović Mikličanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Alem Šečerović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of genes that have an impact on athletic
performance. In recent years, there is a visible progress in molecular biology techniques, which facilitate
researches in the field of genetics related to the sport performance. The paper focuses on 2 genes which
are most intensively studied in relation to the athletic ability – angiotensine I-converting enzyme (ACE)
and alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3). There are shown results from many researches, and they indicate that
genetic factors have effect on sports performance, but also impact of training and environment is
important. With new approaches, new polymorphisms are discovered, so research of this area of
genetics is still in progress.
Keywords: Athletic Performance; Genetics; Polymorphism; Genotype; Endurance; Strength; ACE; ACTN3.
101
�TESTING OF ANESTHESIA MACHINES AND DEFIBRILLATORS IN
HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
To improve the quality of patient treatment by improving the functionality of medical devices in
healthcare institutions. To present the results of the safety and performance inspection of patientrelevant output parameters of anesthesia machines and defibrillators defined by legal metrology. This
study covered 130 anesthesia machines and 161 defibrillators used in public and private healthcare
institutions, during a period of two years. Testing procedures were carried out according to
international standards and legal metrology legislative procedures in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The
results show that in 13.84% of tested anesthesia machine and 14.91% of defibrillators device
performance is not in accordance with requirements and should either have its results be verified, or
the device removed from use or scheduled for corrective maintenance. Research emphasizes
importance of independent safety and performance inspections, and gives recommendations for the
frequency of inspection based on measurements. Results offer implications for adequacy of preventive
and corrective maintenance performed in healthcare institutions. Based on collected data, the first
digital electronical database of anesthesia machines and defibrillators used in healthcare institutions in
Bosnia and Herzegovina is created. This database is a useful tool for tracking each device's performance
over time.
Keywords: Anesthesia machine; Clinical engineering; Defibrillator; Inspection; Safety
102
�THE INFLUENCE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO) ON CANCER CELLS AND ITS
ROLE IN THE CANCER TREATMENT
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Enisa Omanović Mikličanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Almedina Kozić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) is essential for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of the
erythrocytic progenitors. The EPO receptor (EPO-R) of erythrocytic cells belongs to the cytokine class I
receptor family and signals through various protein kinases and STAT transcription factors. The EPO-R
is also expressed in many organs outside the bone marrow, suggesting that EPO is a pleiotropic antiapoptotic factor. The controversial issue as to whether the EPO-R is functional in tumor tissue is critically
reviewed. Importantly, most studies of EPO-R detection in tumor tissue have provided falsely positive
results because of the lack of EPO-R specific antibodies. However, endogenous EPO appears to be
necessary to maintain the viability of endothelial cells and to promote tumor angiogenesis. This review
paper reviews EPO use in cancer patients and its management of anemia. While the findings promise
beneficial effects of endogenous EPO and its therapeutic analogues as tissue-protective factors, for
example in ischemic and degenerative heart and brain diseases, fear has also arisen that EPO may
promote tumor cell survival and stimulate tumor growth. If the cancer patient is being treated with
curative intent, the use of ESAs should be avoided. If the treatment plan is more conservative or
palliative, ESA should be considered for anemia treatment, but the treatment should be controlled.
Keywords: Erythropoietin (EPO); Proliferation; Tumor Tissue; Tumor Angiogenesis.
103
�METHODS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CELLS
USING DIFFERENT STORAGE MEDIA
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Sabina Halilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ahmed Osmanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents a review of different storage media and their efficiency in retaining periodontal
ligament (PDL) cell vitality before replantation. After avulsion of a tooth, immediate replantation is
recommended, however this is often not possible. Therefore, storage media that are affordable and
readily available are required to avoid resorption and tooth death by preservation of the PDL cells.
Numerous studies have been undergone and use of media such as Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS),
milk, aloevera, coconut water, and et cetera have been trialed. In order to find the storage media that
best meets the price/quality ratio, this study compares the length of time that the aforementioned
solutions for retaining PDL vitality, their pH and osmolality, and discusses their efficiency in terms of
other in vitro experiments. The media that are compared in this study are Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution
(HBSS), milk, aloevera, coconut water, egg albumin, and contact lens solution. Results provide that HBSS
and coconut water have the longest retention time, however milk, aloevera and egg albumin are also
effective for shorter periods of time.
Keywords: Periodontal ligament cells, Avulsion, Resorption, Storage media, Vitality
104
�ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND DOCKING STUDY IN DESIGN AND
SYNTHESIS OF XANTHENES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Veljović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficiency of artificial neural networks and docking studies
in prediction of antimicrobial activity for new compounds. For that purpose, two multilayer neural
networks with feedforward architecture were developed. Also, docking studies were performed to
investigate the hypothetical binding mode of the target compounds. A series of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-9aryl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthen-1,8(2H)-dione derivatives have been previously synthesized,
characterized and evaluated for in vitroantimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida
albicans strains. By comparing results of in vitro investigation, new 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-9-(3,5dibromophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthen-1,8(2H)-dione possessed better antimicrobial
activity against tested microorganisms than previously synthesized derivatives and these results also
correlated well with results of docking studies.
Keywords: Xanthenes, Artificial neural network, Docking study, Antimicrobial activity, Biological activity
prediction, Receptor-ligand binding
105
�CLASSIFICATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS USING
IMPLEMENTED EXPERT SYSTEM
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Berina Alić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alma Badnjević-Čengić
Maja Malenica
Tanja Dujić
Adlija Čaušević
Tamer Bego
Abstract
This paper presents the development of an Expert System for the classification of metabolic syndrome
(MetS). Two-layer feedforward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with sigmoid transfer function is used
for MetS classification. In accordance with international guidelines NHBL/AHA, classification is
performed based on following input parameters: waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose level,
HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Samples for training of developed Expert System are obtained from
1083 patients at hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Testing of developed system is performed with
300 samples, also acquired from patients in hospitals in B&H by medical professionals. Out of 300
samples, 155 samples were of MetS while the rest was of healthy subjects. Developed Expert System
correctly classified 283 MetS samples, therefore the sensitivity of 96% is achieved and specificity is
92,7%.
Keywords: Expert System, Metabolic Syndrome, Artificial Neural Network
106
�PRE-CLASSIFICATION PROCESS SYMPTOMQUESTIONNAIRE BASED ON
FUZZY LOGIC FOR PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST COST REDUCTION
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Leandro Pecchia
University of Warwick
England
Abstract
In the past few years, developing of computer-aided systems for disease classification has been
investigated more extensively. Medical professionals use these systems as assistance in diagnosis since
they perform the diagnosis based on larger, more complex set of new and previously stored information.
Those computer-aided systems are equipped with graphical user interface that makes application in
everyday situations more convenient. Disease classification in most computer-aided systems is based
on expert systems. Beside the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), fuzzy logic (FL) or some other tools are
often used for this purpose. This study presents the results of disease pre-classification process and
determining the need for conducting respiratory function tests such as spirometry (SPIR), Impulse
Oscillometry (IOS), or Body plethysmography and running the Fuzzy Logic – Artificial Neural Network
(FL-ANN) Expert System for classification of respiratory diseases. This pre-classification algorithm
optimizes time resources as well as reduces the costs of medical device use needed for testing of patient
and costs of medical professional attending the measurement. Questions and symptoms used in preclassification are based on Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and Global Initiative for Chronic
Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. The pre-classification algorithm is validated on 5000
reports acquired from subjects prospectively enrolled in the Hospital in Sarajevo during the period of
107
�two year and CareFusion Database for the last 10 years. Sensitivity of 97.26% and specificity of 90.74%
is achieved. It is shown that saving around 97% on pulmonary functions tests can be achieved by
introducing these automated systems in everyday practices.
Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Artificial Neural Network, COPD, Asthma, Disease, Classification, Expert System,
Artificial intelligence, Decision support system, Computer-aided, Automated classification
108
�CLASSIFICATION OF PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES USING ARTIFICIAL
NEURAL NETWORK
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Dijana Sejdinović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Maja Malenica
Tanja Dujić
Adlija Čaušević
Tamer Bego
Lejla Divović Mehmedović
Abstract
In this paper development of Artificial Neural Network for classification of prediabetes and type 2
diabetes (T2D) is presented. For development of this system 310 samples consisting of information
about Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and blood test called HbA1c were used. All samples were obtained
from several healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and diagnosis of prediabetes, T2D and
healthy patients in this dataset were established by medical professionals. Two-layer feedforward
backpropagation network with 15 neurons in hidden layer and sigmoid transfer function, used for
classification of prediabetes and T2D in this paper, was trained with 190 samples. Testing of developed
neural network was performed with 120 samples for validation also obtained from healthcare
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�institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Out of 120 samples, developed network was accurate in 94.1%
cases for the classification of prediabetes and in 93.3% cases for classification of T2D.
Keywords: Prediabetes, Diabetes type 2, Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbA1c, Classification, Artificial
Neural Network, Pattern Recognition
110
�TESTING OF INFUSION PUMPS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Berina Alić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zijad Džemić
Abstract
This paper presents the results of safety and performance inspection conducted on 325 infusion pumps
in the period from January 2015 to January 2016 in public and private healthcare institutions in Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Electrical safety inspection was conducted according to IEC 60601 - Medical electrical
equipment: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance of medical devices.
Periodical performance inspections were conducted according to legal metrology framework, more
specifically according to Rules on metrological and technical requirements for infusion pumps, published
in Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) No. 75/14. Our results show that approximately 9%
of all tested infusion pumps do not meet electrical safety requirements or have performance outside
the specifications. The causes of such faulty performance are environmental conditions, long period of
usage of devices, faulty motors and device casing, as well as lack of systematic maintenance and regular
safety and performance inspections in previous period. This paper addresses the importance of
periodical performance inspections of these medical devices.
Keywords: Infusion pumps, Performance, Inspection, Safety, Clinical engineering, Medical device
111
�TESTING OF DIALYSIS MACHINES IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Berina Alić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zijad Džemić
Abstract
This paper presents the results of electrical safety and performance inspection of 500 dialysis machines
conducted in public healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All measurements were made by
independent laboratory for inspection of medical devices appointed by National Metrology Institute of
Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with national rules published in Official Gazette of Bosnia and
Herzegovina No. 75/14. The results show that 12.6% of inspected devices do not meet electrical safety
requirements or have performance outside the specifications. Specifically, 2% of tested devices did not
pass the safety inspection in accordance with IEC 60601. Additionally, 11.32% of devices from this group
had performance that was not in accordance to device specifications although malfunction was not
reported. These results help to develop awareness among patients and medical personnel about safety
and accuracy of devices used in treatment of disease as well as set the ground for planning the upgrade
in dialysis departments in the healthcare institutions.
Keywords: Dialysis machine, Performance, Inspection, Safety, Clinical engineering Medical device
112
�MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES AND
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Berina Alić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
This paper presents the overview of machine learning techniques in classification of diabetes and
cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Bayesian Networks (BNs).
The comparative analysis was performed on selected papers that are published in the period from 2008
to 2017. The most commonly used type of ANN in selected papers is multilayer feedforward neural
network with Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm. On the other hand, the most commonly used
type of BN is Na'ive Bayesian network which shown the highest accuracy values for classification of
diabetes and CVD, 99.51% and 97.92% retrospectively. Moreover, the calculation of mean accuracy of
observed networks has shown better results using ANN, which indicates that higher possibility to obtain
more accurate results in diabetes and/or CVD classification is when it is applied to ANN.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Artificial Neural Network, Bayesian
Network
113
�PROPOSAL OF THE MONITORING AND EVALUATION APPROACH FOR
COMMUNITY PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS
Sanin Džidić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
sanin.dzidic@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Bračković
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Local governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina do not have clearly defined objective requirements or
prescribed method for monitoring and evaluation of local public infrastructure projects. Decision
making process in selection of infrastructure projects to be implemented is usually based upon an ad
hoc basis or is driven by specific interest of different groups. However, effects on citizens’ life quality of
implemented projects are unknown, except clearly and obviously visible benefits, without any support
in objective evaluation or analyses. This paper attempts to increase the awareness of necessity to
introduce monitoring and evaluation principles in implementation of the infrastructure projects
financed by public funds and shows that application of monitoring and evaluation principles is feasible
and necessary for the implementation of such type of projects for their objective validation for
achievements and results, as well as project selection, performance based decision making and project
management issues. Using combination of tools, selection of quantitative and qualitative performance
indicators, cross referenced by public opinion survey results, it is feasible to create an optimal
monitoring and evaluation framework for monitoring of effects of implementation of any public
infrastructure project. Such approach make the project implementer responsible, accountable, goal
oriented and objective performance based decision maker. It also ensures maximization of results to be
achieved by project implementation towards high expectations that have been earlier set up through
analytical process. Such framework also assists in justification of project proposals to be implemented
in initial stage to public and stakeholders, but also in evaluation of benefits and results after project
completion and years to come.
Keywords: Monitoring and Evaluation, Local Public Infrastructure, Local Public Facilities, City Planning
114
�PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Β‐GLUCOSIDASE FROM
BRASSICA OLERACEA
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Imer Muhović
Abstract
β-Glucosidase was purified from Brassica oleracea by salting out with ammonium sulfate and
hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Results demonstrated that the enzyme is a dimer (130 kD)
made up of one major (80 kD) and one minor subunit (50 kD). The pH optimum is 6.0, with 50% of the
enzyme's original activity remaining between pH 4.0 and pH 7.0. The temperature optimum is 35C, and
activity did not decrease after two hours of exposure to this temperature. The activity of the enzyme
was investigated on four substrates, 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), ortho-Nitrophenyl-βD-glucopyranoside (o-NPG), para-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (p-NPGal) and ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-Dgalactoside (o-NPGal), and km values were shown to be 0.755 mM, 0.174 mM, 0.988 mM and 0.213
mM, while Vmax values were 604 U/mg, 38 U/mg, 556 U/mg and 308 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme
is completely inhibited by gluconolactone and glucose against p-NPG as substrate, with ki values of
0.038 mM and 0.64 mM, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating
purification and characterization of β-glucosidase from broccoli, thus providing a better understanding
of its role in the plant, and establishing a basis for further research.
115
�META-ANALYSIS OF DEPLETED URANIUM LEVELS IN THE BALKAN REGION
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Imer Muhović
Abstract
In recent years, contradicting data has been published on the connection between the presence of
depleted uranium and an increased cancer incidence among military personnel deployed in the Balkans
during the 1992-1999 wars. This has led to numerous research articles investigating possible depleted
uranium contamination of the afflicted regions of the Balkan Peninsula, namely Bosnia & Herzegovina,
Serbia, Kosovo and Montenegro. The aim of this study was to collect data from previously published
reports investigating the levels of depleted uranium in the Balkans and to present the data in the form
of a meta-analysis. This would provide a clear image of the extent of depleted uranium contamination
after the Balkan conflict. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the
levels of depleted uranium and the assumed depleted uranium-related health effects. Our results
suggest that the majority of the examined sites contain natural uranium, while the area of Kosovo
appears to be most heavily afflicted by depleted uranium pollution, followed by Bosnia & Herzegovina.
Furthermore, the results indicate that it is not possible to make a valid correlation between the health
effects and depleted uranium-contaminated areas. We therefore suggest a structured collaborative
plan of action where long-term monitoring of the residents of depleted uranium-afflicted areas would
be performed. In conclusion, while the possibility of depleted uranium toxicity in post-conflict regions
appears to exist, there currently exists no definitive proof of such effects, due to insufficient studies of
116
�potentially afflicted populations, in addition to the lack of a common epidemiological approach in the
reviewed literature.
Keywords:
Balkan conflicts, Depleted uranium, Environmental damage, Health effects, Radiation
damage, Toxicity
117
�CHEMICAL TOXICITY AND RADIOACTIVITY OF DEPLETED URANIUM: THE
EVIDENCE FROM IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current state of knowledge on chemical
toxicity and radioactivity of depleted uranium (DU) and their effect on living systems and cell lines. This
was done by presenting a summary of previous investigations conducted on different mammalian body
systems and cell cultures in terms of potential changes caused by either chemical toxicity or radioactivity
of DU. In addition, the authors aimed to point out the limitations of those studies and possible future
directions. The majority of both in vitro and in vivo studies performed using animal models regarding
possible effects caused by acute or chronic DU exposure has been reviewed. Furthermore, exposure time
and dose, DU particle solubility, and uranium isotopes as factors affecting the extent of DU effects have
118
�been discussed. Special attention has been dedicated to chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and
DNA breaks, as well as micronuclei formation and epigenetic changes, as DU has recently been
considered a possible causative factor of all these processes. Therefore, this approach might represent
a novel area of study of DU-related irradiation effects on health. Since different studies offer
contradictory results, the main aim of this review is to summarize and briefly discuss previously obtained
results in order to identify the current opinion on DU toxicity and radioactivity effects in relation to
exposure type and duration, as well as DU properties.
Keywords: Chemical toxicity, Depleted uranium, Exposure, Radioactivity, in vivo and in vitro studies
119
�THE EFFECT OF LYSOZYME ON REDUCING BIOFILMS BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS
AUREUS, PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA, AND GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS:
AN IN VITRO EXAMINATION
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Monia Avdić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Amra Ramović
State University of Novi Pazar
Serbia
Dženita Šeljmo
Jasna Hukić
Abstract
Two basic questions about lysozyme activities on the selected microorganisms were investigated,
namely whether lysozyme inhibits biofilm production and which concentrations of the enzyme have the
ability to change the natural biofilm producing capacity of different strains of Staphylococcus aureus
(methicillin sensitive and resistant), Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
Gardnerella vaginalis. The effect of lysozyme on biofilm formation capacities of 16 strains of selected
120
�microorganisms was investigated, whereby four testing replicates have been performed in vitro using
the Test Tube method, and the potential of lysozyme to change biofilm forming capacities depending
on its concentration, species, and strains of microorganisms is demonstrated. A lysozyme concentration
of 30 μg/ml indicated to have the highest inhibiting effect on all tested microorganisms. Furthermore,
G. vaginalis was the most sensitive of them all, as its biofilm formation was inhibited in the presence of
as low as 2.5 μg/ml of lysozyme. At enzyme concentrations of 7.5-50 μg/ml (with the exception of
30 μg/ml) the biofilm forming capacities of P. aeruginosa were enhanced. Depending on the strain of P.
aeruginosa, the total biofilm quantity was either reduced or unaffected at lysozyme concentrations of
2.5, 5, 7.5, and 30 μg/ml. In contrast, lysozyme concentrations below 15 or 20 μg/ml did not affect or
increase the volume of biofilm formation, while higher concentrations (15, 20, 25 μg/ml) reduced
biofilm formation by 50% (3/6) and 30 μg/ml of biofilm reduced biofilm forming capacity of S. aureus
by 100% (6/6). The results of this study are a strong foundation for further research on lysozyme as a
modulator of the biofilm forming capacity of different species with the potential to aid in the
development of new drugs for the treatment of oral and vaginal infections.
Keywords: Antibacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm, Lysozyme
121
�A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
BIOFILM FORMING CAPACITY OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Monia Avdić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirza Ibrišimović
University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović
Abstract
According to many studies today the biofilms play a crucial role in the clinical setting and are the cause
of many difficult to treat and reoccuring infections. Recently their role in urinary tract infections (UTIs)
is becoming very significant as they are known to cause relapses and reoccuring infections especially in
patients with indwelling medical devices. Up to today many biofilm testing methodologies have been
suggested, however, all of them have certain drawbacks and routine testing of the biofilm forming
capacity of causative agents of infection is not conducted. In our study we developed a novel
spectrophotometric assay for the evaluation of the biofilm forming capacity of causative agents of UTIs
and tested it on 120 urine samples isolated from two medical centars in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The results of the novel spectrophotometric assay were then compared to the results obtained by the
tissue culture plate method which was used as a referee. Based on statistical data the sensitivity and
specificity of the novel spectrophotometric assay was evaluated to be 95% which is adequate for the
use in standard clinical microbiology laboratories for the determination of the biofilm forming capacity
of causative agents of UTI.
122
�HETEROLEPTIC RUTHENIUM BIOFLAVONOID COMPLEXES: FROM
SYNTHESIS TO IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Zahirović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Emira Kahrović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Marina Cindrić
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
University of Rijeka
Croatia
Anja Harej
University of Rijeka
Croatia
Emir Turkušić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Heteroleptic ruthenium(II) bioflavonoid complexes of quercetin, morin, chrysin, and 3-hydroxyflavone
were prepared and their interaction with CT DNA and BSA along with antioxidant and in vitro anticancer
and antimicrobial activities was investigated. The formulation and characterization of complexes were
achieved through elemental and thermal analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy along with
infrared, electronic absorption, and emission spectroscopy as well as square-wave voltammetry, and
123
�magnetic and conductivity measurements. Ruthenium(II) is octahedrally coordinated in cationic
complex species to two bidentate diimine ligands (2,2′-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline) and one
bidentate monobasic flavonoid ligand through 3,4-site of quercetin, morin, and 3-hydroxyflavone or
4,5-site of chrysin. Complexes bind CT DNA by intercalation and binding constants comparable to
ethidium bromide or 10 times higher. Binding constants of complexes to BSA were several times higher
compared to ibuprofen and diazepam, and suggest that the complexes have a strong affinity to BSA.
Antioxidant activity tests showed that the complexes are more potent in terms of radical inhibition
compared to the parent flavonoids. Cytotoxic testing revealed that the Ru(II) complex of quercetin with
2,2′-bipyridine co-ligand has good selectivity to breast adenocarcinoma, while the complex of 3hydroxyflavone with 2,2′-bipyridine co-ligand showed strong cytotoxicity toward all tested cell lines with
IC50 ∼ 1 μM. All complexes showed moderate activity toward Acinetobacter baumannii, while the Ru(II)
complex of 3-hydroxyflavone with 2,2′-bipyridine showed excellent activity toward MRSA and Candida
albicans.
Keywords: Ruthenium, Flavonoid, Biomolecules, Anticancer, Antimicrobial
124
�T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN A CLINICAL
COURSE OF CHICKENPOX
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Rusmir Baljić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hadžan Konjo
Dženana Hrustemović
Belma Gazibera
Amela Katica
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate possible prognostic values of CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio to clinical course
of chickenpox in immunocompetent hosts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We performed a prospective study which included 69 immunocompetent patients with chickenpox who
were addmited to Clinic for infectious disease, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, in a 18 month
period. All patients were divided into two groups depending on clinical presentation on admission.
Patients with mild clinical form were dedicated to "outpatient" group, and patients with moderate,
severe or life-threatening clinical forms were dedicated to "hospitalized" group. Also 30 healthy
volunteers are included in study as a control group. We analyzed values of CD4+, CD8+ percentage,
CD4/CD8 ratio with comparison to clinical course of chickenpox. All specimens were taken in acute
phase of illness.
125
�RESULTS:
Values of CD4+ percentage were significantly declined in a group of hospitalized patients, compared to
group of outpatients and control group. Values of CD8+ percentage were higher in a group of
hospitalized patients, while CD4/CD8 values were lower in comparison to a group of outpatients and
control group.
CONCLUSION: We found significant correlation between these parameters and clinical course of
chickenpox.
Keywords: Chickenpox; T-lymphocyte; prognostic factors
126
�A FUZZY MODEL TO PREDICT RISK OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Monia Avdić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Günay Karlı
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
gunay.karli@ibu.edu.ba
Hasan Emin Balkaya
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mirza Ibrišimović
University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and account for a
significant part of the workload in clinical microbiology laboratories. Hence, urine is the specimen
most frequently submitted for culture. Physicians distinguish UTIs from other diseases that have
similar clinical presentations with use of a small number of tests to distinguish bacteriuria. The
microbiological examination of urine consists of examining a methylene smear of the urine specimen,
a screening test of significant bacteriuria and culture. In the smear one or more bacterial cells per oilimmersion field usually implies that there are 105 or more bacteria per milliliter in the specimen, the
number of RBC and WBC is also a very important indicator. In literature, the normal ranges of these
variables are differently defined. The analysis of this data could be very simplified using data
management systems. Fuzzy logic, in a narrow sense, is a logical system, which is an extension of
multivalued logic. The fuzzy logic works on a theory which relates to classes of objects with blurred
boundaries in which membership is a matter of degree. This enables fuzzy systems applicable to broad
127
�range of parameters and expected output values in many aspects of science. The aim of this study was
to create a fuzzy model, in the MATLAB environment, to aid physicians in interpreting the results of
the microscopic urine analysis, considering the number of bacteria, RBC and WBC as well as turbidity
of the sample.
Keywords: Fuzzy logic, MATLAB, UTI, Microscope Examination of Urine
128
�A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BIOFILM FORMING CAPACITY OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Monia Avdić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirza Ibrišimović
University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović
Abstract
According to many studies today the biofilms play a crucial role in the clinical setting and are the cause
of many difficult to treat and reoccuring infections. Recently their role in urinary tract infections (UTIs)
is becoming very significant as they are known to cause relapses and reoccuring infections especially in
patients with indwelling medical devices. Up to today many biofilm testing methodologies have been
suggested, however, all of them have certain drawbacks and routine testing of the biofilm forming
capacity of causative agents of infection is not conducted. In our study we developed a novel
spectrophotometric assay for the evaluation of the biofilm forming capacity of causative agents of UTIs
and tested it on 120 urine samples isolated from two medical centars in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The results of the novel spectrophotometric assay were then compared to the results obtained by the
tissue culture plate method which was used as a referee. Based on statistical data the sensitivity and
specificity of the novel spectrophotometric assay was evaluated to be 95% which is adequate for the
use in standard clinical microbiology laboratories for the determination of the biofilm forming capacity
of causative agents of UTI.
129
�RECOGNIZING THE POSSIBILITY OF BIOTERRORISM IN THE FACE OF
EMERGING AND REEMERGING ZOONOTIC PATHOGENS IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA DURING THE WAR (1992-1995)
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Sead Ahmetagić
University Clinical Centre Tuzla
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nijaz Tihić
University Clinical Centre Tuzla
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nermina Mehinović
Institute for Biomedical Diagnostic and Research
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Denijal Tulumović
University Clinical Centre Tuzla
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mirza Ponjavić
Institute for Biomedical Diagnostic and Research
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Paul Heyman
Institute for Biomedical Diagnostic and Research
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Tularemia is a vector-borne zoonosis with a complex epidemiology caused by Francisella tularensis. F.
tularensis is a non-motile, obligatory aerobic, facultative intracellular Gram-negative coccobacillus. The
bacterium has a broad host range, i.e. mammals, birds and invertebrates. Two types (A, B) and four
subspecies (F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A), F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B), F. tularensis
130
�subsp. mediasiatica and F. tularensis subsp. novicida.) are known today. Types A and B are of
importance as they cause disease in humans and animals. Type A is present almost exclusively in North
America and type B is found all over the Northern hemisphere. F. tularensis is considered to be a class
A biological warfare agent, it is notoriously difficult to recognize infections in non-endemic regions and
was produced as a weaponized agent by several countries in the 1960ties and 70ties. Humans can
acquire tularemia by inhaling dust or aerosols contaminated with F. tularensis bacteria, this type of
exposure can result in pneumonic tularemia, one of the most severe forms of the disease. especially
farming involving machines that disperse remains of infected animals or carcasses. Rarely, water can
become tularemia contaminated through contact with infected animals. Humans who drink
contaminated and untreated water may contract oropharyngeal tularemia. The tularemia outbreak in
B&H in 1995 showed an unusual number of oropharyngeal cases. As all aspects of this particular
tularemia epidemic were not thoroughly investigated and the possible intentional use of agents of
biological warfare remained a possibility, we reviewed all available data in order to assess whether the
outbreak was natural.
131
�CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CONVENTIONAL KARYOTYPE AND QF-PCR IN
DETECTION OF FETAL CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Mirza Kozarić
Azra Hasić
Alma Kozarić
Abstract
This study aims to compare the advantages of two widely used methods for fetal chromosomal
detection, karyotyping and QF-PCR, together with the indications for invasive prenatal diagnosis. We
retrospectively investigated 888 amniocenteses analyzed by karyotyping only or karyotyping combined
with QF-PCR. We assessed the results of each method and compared them to the indications for
prenatal testing including maternal age, fetal ultrasound findings, and serum screening. We found 39
(4.4%) abnormalities, where 59% of those abnormalities were numerical and 41% were structural
abnormalities undetectable by QF-PCR methods. Many structural abnormalities do not have clinical
significance and we found that 23% of found structural abnormalities were clinically significant but
undetectable by QF-PCR (0.3% of all amniocentesis analyzed). Additional 23% of found structural
abnormalities were balanced translocations which can have rare clinically significant consequences. In
total, 46% of found structural abnormalities had possible clinical consequences, which were
undetectable by QF-PCR, or by noninvasive prenatal testing for five common aneuploidies. Thus, QFPCR is a reliable method to detect most common fetal aneuploidies, but karyotyping should be used if
any other chromosomal abnormalities are suspected. Even though QF-PCR is a fast and reliable method,
physicians should be aware of the limitations of various methodologies for detection of fetal
abnormalities and assign the proper method to the indication for amniocentesis.
Keywords: Karyotype, QF-PCR, Fetal abnormalities, Trisomy 21
132
�SURVEY OF LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS AROUND THE WORLD IN
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 AND 4 LABORATORIES
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Laboratory-acquired infections due to a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi have been
described over the last century, and laboratory workers are at risk of exposure to these infectious agents.
However, reporting laboratory-associated infections has been largely voluntary, and there is no way to
determine the real number of people involved or to know the precise risks for workers. In this study, an
international survey based on volunteering was conducted in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories to
determine the number of laboratory-acquired infections and the possible underlying causes of these
contaminations. The analysis of the survey reveals that laboratory-acquired infections have been
infrequent and even rare in recent years, and human errors represent a very high percentage of the
cases. Today, most risks from biological hazards can be reduced through the use of appropriate
procedures and techniques, containment devices and facilities, and the training of personnel.
133
�CHARACTERISTICS OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS
IN THE WEST BALKANS: A FIRST REPORT
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Monia Avdić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
monia.avdic@ibu.edu.ba
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Borka Tutiš
Sanja Jakovac
Maja Ostojić
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are among the major causes of nosocomial infections and represent
a growing problem in many European countries. Among the most common enterococcal isolates,
Enterococcus faecium is considered to be the reservoir of VanA and VanB-mediated resistance to
glycopeptides. Enterococci with VanA-mediated resistance can transfer resistance genes to other
enterococci and gram-positive bacteria. Hence, monitoring and surveillance of vancomycin-resistant
enterococci (VREs) are crucial for the prevention of the spread of glycopeptide resistance. No reports
have yet been published that document the resistance rates and typization of VREs in the region of
Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Croatia. In this study, 64 clinical enterococcal strains that were
isolated in clinical centers, Mostar, Sarajevo, and Zagreb, were studied and findings regarding
characteristics of vancomycin-resistant strains found in the West Balkan region are reported for the first
time. All of the strains were identified using conventional phenotypic methods, and the resistance to
glycopeptides was determined using the disk diffusion method, Vitek 2, and genotypic Enterococcus
134
�assay. The results of genotyping showed that 40 strains were identified as VREs (30% Enterococcus
faecalis and 70% E. faecium), while the sensitivity of the phenotypic methods was 87.5%. Furthermore,
VanA and VanB resistance types were found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, with slightly higher
prevalence of the latter (72.5%) over the former (27.5%).
135
�PREDICTION OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS WITHIN A
RECENTLY SETTLED TURKISH POPULATION IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Yusuf Turan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
yusuf.turan@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Gurkan Dogan
136
�Abstract
Analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroup distribution is widely used when investigating geographical
clustering of different populations, which is why it plays an important role in population genetics,
human migration patterns and even in forensic investigations. Individual determination of these
haplogroups is mostly based on the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers located
in the non-recombining part of Y-chromosome (NRY). On the other hand, the number of forensic and
anthropology studies investigating short tandem repeats on the Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) increases
rapidly every year. During the last few years, these markers have been successfully used as haplogroup
prediction methods, which is why they have been used in this study. Previously obtained Y-STR
haplotypes (23 loci) from 100 unrelated Turkish males recently settled in Sarajevo were used for the
determination of haplogroups via 'Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor' software. The Bayesian
probability of 90 of the studied haplotypes is greater than 92.2% and ranges from 51.4% to 84.3% for
the remaining 10 haplotypes. A distribution of 17 different haplogroups was found, with the Yhaplogroup J2a being most prevalent, having been found in 26% of all the samples, whereas R1b, G2a
and R1a were less prevalent, covering a range of 10% to 15% of all the samples. Together, these four
haplogroups account for 63% of all Y-chromosomes. Eleven haplogroups (E1b1b, G1, I1, I2a, I2b, J1, J2b,
L, Q, R2, and T) range from 2% to 5%, while E1b1a and N are found in 1% of all samples. Obtained results
indicate that a large majority of the Turkish paternal line belongs to West Asia, Europe Caucasus,
Western Europe, Northeast Europe, Middle East, Russia, Anatolia, and Black Sea Y-chromosome
lineages. As the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups is consistent with the previously published
data for the Turkish population residing in Turkey, it was concluded that the analyzed population could
also be recognized as a representative sample of the Turkish population residing in Turkey.
137
�ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES AND GENETIC SIMILARITIES WITHIN A
NEW GENERATION OF CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER
CALCOACETICUS-A. BAUMANNII COMPLEX RESISTOTYPES IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Aydın Çöl
Ishik University
Turkey
Irma Salimović-Bešić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex (ACB complex) is a nosocomial pathogen. Due to its
high ability to develop antibiotic resistance, it has become a problematic challenge in the modern
healthcare system. The molecular and genetic mechanisms of gaining multidrug resistance in ACB
complex are well known. This study focuses on providing an overview of the antibiotic resistance profiles,
genetic similarities and resistotypes, and general characteristics of carbapenem-resistant ACB complex
(CRACB) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). In light of the data collected in this study, together with the
already known information concerning antibiotic resistance of ACB complex, we intend to further
elucidate the antibiotic therapy for CRACB strain resistotypes in BiH.
138
�EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE OF THE MEASLES
OUTBREAK IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Irma Salimović-Bešić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sead Ahmetagić
University Clinical Centre Tuzla
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nijaz Tihić
University Clinical Centre Tuzla
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
A measles outbreak with two epidemic waves involving 4649 probable and laboratory-confirmed cases
was recorded in six out of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between February
2014 and April 2015.The majority of the patients had never received measles vaccination (3115/4649,
67.00%) and the vaccination status of another 23% was unknown (1066/4649). A total of 281 blood
samples were tested serologically. Virus detection was performed using 44 nasopharyngeal swabs.
About 57% (161/281) of the laboratory investigated serawere IgM positive and 95% (42/44) of the
swabs were RT-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained from 30 swab samples
showed circulation of two variants of genotype D8, but no genotype D4 strains as detected in 2007.
Similar involvement of all age groups indicates a problem with vaccine refusal due to anti-vaccination
activities in addition to gaps in immunization coverage during the war and post-war period (1992-1998).
Differences in ethnicity, vaccine coverage, compliance with review policies of vaccination records and
potentially also travel habits may partially explain why only six of ten cantons were affected by the
139
�outbreak. The second epidemic wave may in part be due to large-scale migrations due to catastrophic
floods in 2014. As a result of the epidemic, 6-12 months old children may now be vaccinated against
measles during outbreaks and public health recommendations for interventions have been
strengthened. Additional efforts are required to implement the measures throughout the cantons.
140
�DETECTION OF PUUMALA VIRUS IN THE TISSUE OF INFECTED NATURALLY
RODENT HOSTS IN THE AREA OF CENTRAL DINARIDES
Mirsada Hukić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
mirsada.hukic@ibu.edu.ba
Edina Zahirović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Hantaviruses are the causative agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Euroasia
and of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the North, Central and South America. HFRS is
endemic in the Balkan Peninsula, where sporadic cases or outbreaks have been reported. Puumala virus
(PUUV) is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of HFRS. PUUV is carried by
the bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In this study, we investigated viral RNA from 76 tissues samples
(lung n = 30, heart n = 6, liver n = 18 and kidney n = 22) of infected naturall rodent hosts in the area of
Central Dinarides caught in live traps. Puumala virus was extracted from 34,7% (16/46) rodents by
nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR. Overall, 18
(21,4%) specimens of internal organs (kidney n = 8, liver n = 6, heart n = 2 and lung n = 2) were positive
for PUUV. It was shown a high rodent infestation rate in a relatively low number of rodent and their
organs, although mice were not caught during the time of high density population of host rodents.
141
�GENOMIC ANALYSES INFORM ON MIGRATION EVENTS DURING THE
PEOPLING OF EURASIA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of
geographically restricted populations , or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer.
Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new
methodologies for inferring population history and refuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans.
Here we present the Estonian Biocentre Human Genome Diversity Panel (EGDP), a dataset of 483 highcoverage human genomes from 148 populations worldwide, including 379 new genomes from 125
populations, which we group into diversity and selection sets. We analyse this dataset to refine
estimates of continent-wide patterns of heterozygosity, long- and short-distance gene flow, archaic
admixture, and changes in effective population size through time as well as for signals of positive or
balancing selection. We find a genetic signature in present-day Papuans that suggests that at least 2%
of their genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans
(AMHs) out of Africa. Together with evidence from the western Asian fossil record, and admixture
between AMHs and Neanderthals predating the main Eurasian expansion, our results contribute to the
mounting evidence for the presence of AMHs out of Africa earlier than 75,000 years ago.
142
�MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF 23 Y-CHROMOSOME SHORT TANDEM REPEAT
LOCI IN THE POPULATION OF TUZLA CANTON
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Jasmina Hindija Čakar
Naida Babić
Amela Pilav
Vesna Hadžiavdić
Abstract
Background:
Tuzla Canton is the most populated region in the ethnically mixed territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
whose genetic analysis could provide an insight into past demographic events.
Aim:
Analysis of 23 Y-chromosome STR markers in the population of Tuzla Canton and investigation of the
genetic relationship of the male population of the Tuzla Canton and that of the larger Bosnian and
Herzegovinian population as well as neighbouring and other European populations.
Subjects and methods:
The study was conducted among 100 unrelated healthy adult males from Tuzla Canton that have been
genotyped using 23 Y-STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y23 kit. Statistical parameters such as
haplotype diversity and allele frequencies were calculated, as well as the Rst-based genetic distances
between the new dataset and those from Bosnia and Herzegovina and elsewhere, which were then
visualised through multidimensional scaling plot and neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree analyses.
143
�Results:
PowerPlex Y23 kit has shown high discrimination capacity, as all 100 individuals have unique haplotypes.
The newly incorporated loci seem to be highly informative. Population comparison reveals no
statistically significant differences between the study population and the general BosnianHerzegovinian population, and between the study population and neighbouring populations.
Conclusion:
Results could be used as an additional investigation of the genetic relationship between the regional
populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring human populations, as well as for further
human population and forensic genetics studies.
144
�Y-CHROMOSOMAL HAPLOGROUP DISTRIBUTION IN THE TUZLA CANTON
OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A CONCORDANCE STUDY USING FOUR
DIFFERENT IN SILICO ASSIGNMENT ALGORITHMS BASED ON Y-STR DATA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Cemal Gurkan
Naida Babić
Vesna Hadžiavdić
Ali Göksu
Abstract
Y-chromosomal haplogroups are sets of ancestrally related paternal lineages, traditionally assigned by
the use of Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) markers. An increasingly popular
and a less labor-intensive alternative approach has been Y-chromosomal haplogroup assignment based
on already available Y-STR data using a variety of different algorithms. In the present study, such in
silico haplogroup assignments were made based on 23-loci Y-STR data for 100 unrelated male
individuals from the Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) using the following four different
algorithms: Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor, Jim Cullen's World Haplogroup & Haplogroup-I
Subclade Predictor, Vadim Urasin's YPredictor and the NevGen Y-DNA Haplogroup Predictor. Prior inhouse assessment of these four different algorithms using a previously published dataset (n = 132) from
B&H with both Y-STR (12-loci) and Y-SNP data suggested haplogroup misassignment rates between
0.76% and 3.02%. Subsequent analyses with the Tuzla Canton population sample revealed only a few
differences in the individual haplogroup assignments when using different algorithms. Nevertheless,
the resultant Y-chromosomal haplogroup distribution by each method was very similar, where the most
145
�prevalent haplogroups observed were I, R and E with their sublineages I2a, R1a and E1b1b, respectively,
which is also in accordance with the previously published Y-SNP data for the B&H population. In
conclusion, results presented herein not only constitute a concordance study on the four most popular
haplogroup assignment algorithms, but they also give a deeper insight into the inter-population
differentiation in B&H on the basis of Y haplogroups for the first time.
146
�DNA IDENTIFICATION OF COMMINGLED HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE
CEMETERY RELOCATED BY FLOODING IN CENTRAL BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The floods in Bosnia and Herzegovina in May 2014 caused landslides all over the country. In the small
village of Šerići, near the town of Zenica, a landslide destroyed the local cemetery, relocated graves,
and commingled skeletal remains. As the use of other physical methods of identification (facial
recognition, fingerprint analysis, dental analysis, etc.) was not possible, DNA analysis was applied. DNA
was isolated from 20 skeletal remains (bone and tooth samples) and six reference samples (blood from
living relatives) and amplified using PowerPlex®Fusion and PowerPlex® Y23 kits. DNA profiles were
generated for all reference samples and 17 skeletal remains. A statistical analysis (calculation of
paternity, maternity, and sibling indexes and matching probabilities) resulted in 10 positive
identifications. In this study, 5 individuals were identified based on one reference sample. This has once
again demonstrated the significance of DNA analysis in resolving the most complicated cases, such as
the identification of commingled human skeletal remains.
Keywords: DNA identification, Floods, Forensic science, Landslides, Skeletal remains
147
�Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN THE BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN
POPULATION BASED ON 23 Y-STR LOCI
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Gurkan Dogan
Abstract
In a study of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian (B&H) population, Y-chromosome marker frequencies for 100
individuals, generated using the PowerPlex Y23 kit, were used to perform Y-chromosome haplogroup
assignment via Whit Athey's Haplogroup Predictor. This algorithm determines Y-chromosome
haplogroups from Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) data using a Bayesian probability-based
approach. The most frequent haplogroup appeared to be I2a, with a prevalence of 49%, followed by
R1a and E1b1b, each accounting for 17% of all haplogroups within the population. Remaining
haplogroups were J2a (5%), I1 (4%), R1b (4%), J2b (2%), G2a (1%), and N (1%). These results confirm
previously published preliminary B&H population data published over 10 years ago, especially the
prediction about the B&H population being a part of the Western Balkan area, which served as the Last
Glacial Maximum refuge for the Paleolithic human European population. Furthermore, the results
corroborate the hypothesis that this area was a significant stopping point on the "Middle East-Europe
148
�highway" during the Neolithic farmer migrations. Finally, since these results are almost completely in
accordance with previously published data on B&H and neighboring populations generated by Ychromosome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, it can be concluded that in silico analysis of YSTRs is a reliable method for approximation of the Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity of an examined
population.
Keywords: Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, Whit athey's haplogroup predictor, Y chromosome, Y
haplogroups, Y-strs
149
�ALLELE FREQUENCIES OF 15 STR LOI IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Amela Pilav
Naris Pojskić
Anesa Ahatović
Mirela Džehverović
Jasmina Čakar
Abstract
Aim
To determine newest the most accurate allele frequencies for 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the
Bosnian and Herzegovinian population, calculate statistical parameters, and compare them with the
relevant data for seven neighboring populations.
Methods
Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swabs of 1000 unrelated individuals from all regions of Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Genotyping was performed using PowerPlex® 16 System to obtain allele frequencies
for 15 polymorphic STR loci including D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317,
D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, and FGA. The calculated allele frequencies
were also compared with the data from neighboring populations.
Results
The highest detected value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was detected at the PentaE locus,
whereas the lowest value was detected at the TPOX locus. The power of discrimination (PD) values had
similar distribution, with Penta E showing the highest PD of 0.9788. While D18S51 had the highest value
of power of exclusion (PE), the lowest PE value was detected at the TPOX locus.
150
�Conclusion
Upon comparison of Bosnian and Herzegovinian population data with those of seven neighboring
populations, the highest allele frequency differentiation was noticed between Bosnian and
Herzegovinian and Turkish population at 5 loci, the most informative of which was Penta E. The
neighbor-joining dendrogram constructed on the basis of genetic distance showed grouping of
Slovenian, Austrian, Hungarian, and Croatian populations. Bosnian and Herzegovinian population was
between the mentioned cluster and Serbian population. To determine more accurate distribution of
allelic frequencies and forensic parameters, our study included 1000 unrelated individuals from all
regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and our findings demonstrated the applicability of these markers in
both forensics and future population genetic studies.
151
�AN EXAMINATION OF GROWTH ACCELERATION TRENDS WITHIN A MALE
POPULATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN THE 19TH AND
21ST CENTURIES
Elma Ferić Bojić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
elma.feric@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Rifat Hadžiselimović
Elma Mrehić
Abstract
In a transversal study that was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015, we analysed
anthropometric measurements and height of young adults. The study included a cohort of 1010
individuals, 596 females and 416 males, who were born during the war period in Bosnia and
Herzegovina (BH) (1992-1995) and were in an age range of 20-24. The average measured height of
females was 167.37±6.00 cm and 182.77±6.57 cm of males. When these data were compared with
measurements taken in 1895 of Bosnian soldiers who served in the Austro-Hungarian army (age 20 to
24), whose average height was 172.35 ± 5.54 cm, a difference of t=31.17 was observed (p<0.001). Our
data showed that the average height of men born from 1992 to 1995 was 182.77 ± 6.56 cm.
Furthermore, additional international comparisons with other European and European-descent nations
showed that our studied population was one of the tallest. Based on the aforementioned it can be
concluded that anthropometric attributes in BH follow a trend of acceleration, which is of particular
significance for this part of the world as this anthropometric acceleration trend was observed in a cohort
that was born and raised in sub-optimal conditions of war that lasted from 1992 to 1995. It is, therefore,
safe to assume that, despite hardships, living conditions have overall improved over a period of 100
years as an increase in overall body height was observed.
152
�MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND PERSONALIZED THERAPY:
RATIONALE, DESIGN AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE
(SEE)-PTSD STUDY
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a major health problem in South Eastern Europe (SEE). Available
treatment options are not efficient enough and the course is often chronic. Little is known about
molecular mediators and moderators of pathogenesis and therapy. Genetic and epigenetic variation
may be one central molecular mechanism. We therefore established a consortium combining clinical
expertise on PTSD from SEE countries Bosnia-Herzegovina (Sarajevo, Tuzla and Mostar), Kosovo
(Prishtina) and Croatia (Zagreb) with genetic and epigenetic competence from Germany (Würzburg) in
2011 within the framework of the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst)-funded Stability
Pact for South Eastern Europe. After obtaining ethical votes and performing rater trainings as well as
training in DNA extraction from EDTA blood between 2011 and 2013, we recruited 747 individuals who
had experienced war-related trauma in the SEE conflicts between 1991 and 1999. 236 participants had
current PTSD, 161 lifetime PTSD and 350 did not have and never had PTSD. Demographic and clinical
data are currently merged together with genetic and epigenetic data in a single database to allow for
a comprehensive analysis of the role of genetic and epigenetic variation in the pathogenesis and therapy
of PTSD. Analyses will be done to a great degree by PhD students from participating SEE centers who in
addition to participation in the project had an opportunity to take part in spring and summer schools of
the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) funded Research Training Group (RTG) 1253 and thus
meet PhD students from Germany and other countries We are confident that our project will not only
contribute to a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of PTSD as a basis for future
individualized and personalized therapies, but also to the academic development of South Eastern
Europe.
153
�DETECTION OF CYTOSINE AND CPG DENSITY IN PROTO-ONCOGENES AND
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN PROMOTER SEQUENCES OF ACUTE
MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Aberrant methylation is one of the driving forces of cancer genome development. Although the rate of
methylation appears massively variable across the genome, it is mainly observed in histone modification,
chromatin organization, DNA accessibility, or promoter sequence. Methylation of promoter sequence
occurs mostly to cytosine nucleotides, which can affect transcription factors' binding affinities. In this
study, we demonstrated that cytosine repeats (C types density), consisting of CC, CCC, CCCC, CCCCC,
CCCCCC, CCCCCCC motifs and CpG islands density in 25 proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and
control genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. The promoter sequences
were divided into a 100 nucleotide window from -500 to +100 nucleotides and 20 nucleotide window
from -100 to +100. Each window is analyzed to find the higher C type and CpG islands density, which
may cause the increased methylation in the promoter sequence. Our novel findings show that promoter
sequence cytosine repeats and CpG density increase closer to transcription sites, especially just before
and after the transcription start site (TSS). The results demonstrate that cytosine density increases while
proto-oncogenes and TSG promoter sequences are closer to TSS 50.8% and 41.0% respectively, if (-500
to -200) and (-100 to +100) windows of the nucleotide sequences are compared. This proves that around
TSS location has special nucleotide motifs and could be an important implication for our understanding
of potential methylating locations in promoters.
Keywords: CpG island; Cytosine density; methylation of cytosine locations; nucleic acid structures of
promoter sequences
154
�PREVALENCE OF F5 1691G> A, F2 20210G> A, AND MTHFR 677C> T
POLYMORPHISMS IN BOSNIAN WOMEN WITH PREGNANCY LOSS
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The relationship between genetic risk factors of thrombophilia and pregnancy loss (PL) is being
discussed. The focus has been on F5 1691G>A, F2 20210G>A, and MTHFR 677C>T polymorphisms that
may predispose women to microthrombosis during the stages of embryo implantation and placentation.
Although, the frequencies of these polymorphisms were reported in different populations, such studies
have not yet been performed in Bosnian population. In this study, we determined the prevalence of F5
G>A (rs6025), F2 G>A (rs1799963) and MTHFR C>T (rs1801133) polymorphisms in Bosnian women. A
total of 154 women with PL, mean age 33 (±5.4) years, were enrolled in the study. As a control group,
154 mothers [mean age 31.4 (±6.7) years] with at least one live-born child were included. We used realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the frequencies of F5 G>A and F2 G>A genotypes,
and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for analyzing MTHFR C>T genotypes. The
frequency of heterozygotes for F5 and F2 was significantly higher in women with venous thrombosis
(VT) compared to women without VT (p = 0.047 and p = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant
difference in the distribution of MTHFR genotypes and alleles between these two groups. In addition,
we observed no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between the group with
PL and control group, for all investigated polymorphisms. The allele frequencies for 1691A (F5), 20210A
(F2), and 677T (MTHFR) reported in this study are consistent with the data obtained for other European
countries, however, we were not able to confirm the association between the three polymorphisms and
PL in Bosnian women.
155
�DIVERSITY OF Y-CHROMOSOMAL AND MTDNA IVERSITY OF YCHROMOSOMAL AND MTDNA MARKERS INCLUDED IN MEDISCOPE CHIP
WITHIN ARKERS INCLUDED IN MEDISCOPE CHIP WITHIN TWO ALBANIAN
SUBPOPULATIONS FROM CROATIA WO ALBANIAN SUBPOPULATIONS
FROM CROATIA AND KOSOVO: PRELIMINARY DATA AND KOSOVO:
PRELIMINARY DATA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The aim of this preliminary study is to analyze genetic specifi city of Kosovo Albanians comparing with
neighboring populations using new genetic tool – MEDISCOPE gene chip, to investigate the feasibility
of this approach. We collected 37 DNA samples (9 Croats, 17 Albanians from Croatia and 11 Albanians
from Kosovo) from unrelated males born in Croatia and Kosovo. Additionally, samples were expanded
with female individuals and mtDNA analysis included a total of 61 samples (15 Croats, 23 Albanians
from Croatia and 23 Albanians from Kosovo). This pilot study suggests that the usage of the MEDISCOPE
chip could be recognized as an effi cient tool within recognition of the population genetic specifi city
even within extremely small sample size.
Keywords: Y-chromosome, mtDNA, haplogroup, MEDISCOPE Chip, Albanian, Croatia, Kosovo
156
�CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE MEASUREMENT
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS DURING EXAM PERIOD
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Senol Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senol.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Nilay Nalcaci
Abstract
Stress is a part of human life, especially for urban citizens. Stress is inseparable characteristics of student
life, especially exam days. Stress management is one of the first steps which can affect students success
during the exams, especially in universities. Blood pressure is the first stress observation symptom to
understand its level. Therefore, to understand the stress impact of university students during the exam
weeks, a conditional experiment has been designed. 200 students were selected from Bosnian and
Turkish female and male. The students` blood systolic, diastolic and heart rate were measured to detect
the differences between non-exams days and exam days. The blood pressure measurement has been
157
�done 3 times in specific times, non-exam days, midterm and final days. Since non-exam days were taken
as stress off days, they were supposed that these days were control data to compare with exam days
to see the differences. As a result of the measurements, Bosnian females showed the highest increasing,
systolic 13.2%, diastolic 9.3% and heart rate 8.5% during the midterm exam days. The group has been
followed by Bosnian males, systolic 6.9%, diastolic 6.1% and heart rate 6.63 increased during the
midterm days. Although Turkish students blood pressure and heart rate increased, the values were less
than Bosnian students. Moreover, high correlation significance results belonged to Bosnian females and
males, 0.722 and 0.698 respectively. Finally, it was concluded that if students have scholarship they
have more blood pressure during the exams. While 95% of Bosnian females and 90% of Bosnian males
have some scholarship, no Turkish students have scholarship demonstrated the differences between
Bosnian and Turkish students blood measurements.
Keywords: Blood pressure, Stress, Bosnian females and males, Statistical observations
158
�DIAGNOSTIC OF ASTHMA USING FUZZY RULES IMPLEMENTED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND PHYSICIANS
EXPERIENCE
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Abstract
This paper presents a system for classification of asthma based on fuzzy rules. Fuzzy rules are defined
according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, as well as through consultations with longterm experience of pulmologists. Our fuzzy system for classification of asthma is based on a combination
of spirometry (SPIR) and Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) test results, which are inputs to fuzzy system.
Additionally, the use of bronchodilatation and bronhoprovocation enabled a complete patient's
dynamic assessment rather than a simple static assessment. The system was retroactively tested with
1250 Medical Reports established by pulmologists, out of which 728 were diagnosed with asthma and
522 were healthy subjects. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed, on this dataset, which were 91.89%
and 95.01%, respectively.
159
�CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Mario Cifrek
University of Zagreb
Abstract
This paper presents a system for classification of asthma based on artificial neural network. A total of
1800 Medical Reports were used for neural network training. The system was subsequently tested
through the use of 1250 Medical Reports established by physicians from hospital Sarajevo. Out of the
aforementioned Medical Reports, 728 were diagnoses of asthma, while 522 were healthy subjects. Out
of the 728 asthmatics, 97.11% were correctly classified, and the healthy subjects were classified with
an accuracy of 98.85%. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed, as well, which were 97.11% and 98.85%,
respectively. Our system for classification of asthma is based on a combination of spirometry (SPIR) and
Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) test results, whose measurement results were inputs to artificial
neural network. Artificial neural network is implemented to obtain both static and dynamic assessment
of the patient's respiratory system.
160
�POLYMORPHISMS OF 1691G> A AND 4070A> G FV IN BOSNIAN WOMEN
WITH PREGNANCY LOSS
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Emir Mahmutbegović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nevena Mahmutbegović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Grażyna Adler
Pomeranian Medical University
Poland
Ewa Czerska
Edin Međedović
Anna Pawińska-Matecka
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The 1691G>A FV polymorphism is considered to be one of the leading genetic risk factors of pregnancy
loss (PL). Recently, also other heritable factors of thrombophilia that may predispose to
microthrombosis mainly in trophoblast or placenta leading to obstetrical complications attract an
attention. In recent studies it was found that 1691G>A and 4070 A>G FV polymorphisms may increase
risk of pregnancy loss, and double heterozygosity for 1691G>A and 4070A>G FV conferred a 3- to 4-fold
161
�increase in the relative risk of venous thromboembolism compared with 1691G>A FV alone. Data on
prevalence of genetic risk factors of thrombophilia in Bosnia and Herzegovina are rare.
AIM:
Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of 1691G>A FV (rs6025) and 4070A>G FV (rs1800595)
polymorphisms in women with and without pregnancy loss.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
We prospectively recruited 308 women in total, particularly 154 women with PL, mean age 33.0 (±5.4)
years and 154 controls without PL, at least one liveborn child, mean age 31.4 (±6.7) years. All women
were enrolled from Institution of Health Protection of Women and Motherhood (Sarajevo, Bosnia and
Herzegovina). Following DNA isolation from buccal swabs, real-time PCR for 1691G>A FV and PCR-RFLP
for 4070A>G FV were done.
RESULTS:
In woman with PL we identified: 142 GG homozygotes, 12 GA heterozygotes and none AA homozygotes
of 1691G>A FV, and 125 AA homozygotes, 27 AG heterozygotes and 2 GG homozygotes of 4070A>G FV,
while in controls 142 GG homozygotes, 12 GA heterozygotes and none AA homozygotes of 1691G>A FV
and 123 AA homozygotes, 28 AG heterozygotes and 3 GG homozygotes of 4070A>G FV.
CONCLUSION:
Our results has shown that the prevalence of 1691G>A and 4070A>G FV polymorphisms was similar in
women with pregnancy loss and controls. Therefore, it appears that further studies on large-scale
population and other genetic variants will be needed to find candidate genes for PL in Bosnian women.
162
�NETWORK ANALYSIS ON Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN WESTERN
BALKAN POPULATIONS
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Adna Ašić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
adna.asic@ibu.edu.ba
Larisa Bešić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
larisa.besic@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Hasan Emin Balkaya
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The region of Western Balkans has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era and was the route of farming
from the Middle East to Europe during the Neolithic era (7th millennium BC). In the present study, YSTR data from worldwide populations have been used to construct median-joining networks. The study
was performed using Whit Athey’s Haplogroup Predictor, Y Utility and Network 4 software packages to
construct networks, perform clustering of closely related Y chromosomes and calculate time estimates
between individual nodes. The results of the study imply that geographically close populations cluster
together on both worldwide and European level. It was observed that an elevated number of study
populations and individual haplogroups increases the possibility that individuals of different racial and
ethnic background cluster within the same or neighboring clades of network. An example is the case of
the Nigerian population clustering closely with the populations from the Western Balkans. Subsequent
163
�time estimates performed based on the mutation frequency between the ancestral node and its
descendant nodes revealed that I2a is the oldest haplogroup in the major area of the Balkan Peninsula
(estimated separation time from its ancestral state: 4858 years), followed by haplog-roups E1b1b (4088
years) and R1a (3910 years). This study is based on data collected from a single database and, therefore,
gives approximations of the relative time distance between the nodes. Our results are nonethe-less in
accordance with previously published papers investigating the frequency of Y haplogroups based on YSNP variant frequencies, indicating that Western Balkan countries are mainly represented by I2a
subclade (average for six countries 35.93%), followed by the other two haplogroups (average for six
countries 23.16% and 10.62% regarding R1a and E1b1b, respectively).
164
�COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ISOLATED
BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVININA AND SLOVENIAN POPULATIONS
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Hadžić-Metjahić, N.
Vidović, M.
Čakar, J.
Džehverović, M.
Pilav, A
Abstract
There are local human communities in Selska Valley which are more or less isolated. In this case,
isolation have been influenced mostly by geographic and cultural factors. Therefore, the population of
Selska Valley is very suitable for molecular- genetics studies of its population structures. Anthropological
studies of Selska Valley are performed in 1993 Vidovic (2005) has analyzed a genetic structure of
isolated populations which is based on the distribution of the surnames in this area, using Isonomy
method as one of the indirect genetic methods. Fifteen autosomal STR loci have been studied in
geographically close, but still isolated, populations of villages located in the valley area. The first goal
of this study was to identify the possible differences between the populations from two groups of
villages: the lowland villages (Bukovica, Sevlje, Dolenja Vas, Selca, Zelezniki and Zali log) and the
mountain villages (Podlonk, Prtovc, Spodnje Danje, Zgornja Sorica and Spodnja Sorica). Even though
there have been different isolation levels and openness among these villages, in genetic terms they,
especially those in the mountain area, may be considered inland islands. The DNA has been obtained
from 86 individuals, and the allele frequencies and genetic diversity have been compared among these
165
�two sample groups. In addition, all of the fifteen STR loci have been used in a comparative population
analysis between the Selska Valley and the Bosnian mountain area. Although the sample sizes are
relatively small, the observed variation within any of these small isolated populations is high and
comparable to less isolated groups. Even though the populations are geographically isolated, the STR
data are similar among the populations. Selska Valley and its village populations certainly represents a
distinct isolate, and therefore studies of this type could significantly contribute to a better
understanding of the populations and isolates in general.
166
�ALLELE FREQUENCIES AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR 15 STR LOCI IN THE
POPULATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Čakar, J.
Džehverović, M.
Pilav, A
Pojskić, N.
Ahatović, A.
Abstract
Allele frequencies of the 15 polymorphic STR loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818,
D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, FGA) for Bosnian and
Herzegovinian population were established and statistical forensic parameters were calculated. In order
to expand national population data with allele frequencies and statistical data for fifteen STR loci, 1000
unrelated individuals born in Bosnia and Herzegovina volontarly participate in the study. Qiagen
DaeasyTM Tissue Kit was used for DNA extraction from buccal swabs. Genomic DNA amplification was
performed using PowerPlex® 16 System which enables amplification and detection of 15 STR and
amelogenin. For PCR amplification GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Applied Biosystems) was used. The
capillary electrophoresis of amplified products was carried in an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer while
numerical allele designations were determined using GeneMapper®ID software v.3.2. Microsoft Excel
workbook template—PowerStats was used for calculating allele frequencies, matching probability (MP),
power of discrimination (PD), power of exclusion (PE) and typical paternity index (PI). Powermarker
v.3.25 was used for calculation of number of alleles (AN), deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium,
observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Exact
test of population differentiation was estimated using Arlequin v.3.5.1.2. After Bonferroni’s correction,
statistical significance for deviation from Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium was considered as P<0.01, while
for population differentiation test P<0.001. Number of effective alleles (AE) was estimated by 1/∑pi2,
167
�where p is allele frequency for particular locus. Ratio of effective and detected allele numbers and its
statistical significance were also calculated. No statistically significant deviation (P>0.05) from HWE
was found for analyzed loci, except for D8S1179 locus, which was not significant after applying the
Bonferroni’s correction (P>0.01). Heterozygosity excess has been detected for D3S1358, D21S11,
D18S51, D16S539, vWA, TPOX loci. Total of 160 alleles were detected, among which 32 are considered
as rare alleles (frequency <0.005). The highest number of alleles was detected for PentaE (18) and the
lowest for TH01 (7).
168
�AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PATERNAL LINEAGES OF THE NORTHERN IRAQ
TURKMENS
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Balkaya, HE.
Gurkan, C.
Dogan, M.
Tunc, R.
Abstract
Today, Iraq is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with their distinct lingual and cultural traditions.
Among these ethnic groups, the Iraqi Turkmens (Arabic: تتتتتت تتتتتت, Turkish: Irak
Türkmenleri, Irak Türkleri) are a Turkish speaking ethnic group that constitute the second largest
minority in Iraq. In this study, the paternal lineages of a Northern Iraqi Turkmen population sample
(n=102) were investigated using the LifeTechnologies AmpFlSTR® Yfiler® kit. The Northern Iraqi Turkmen
Y-STR dataset was found to have 74 unique haplotypes among 102 samples analysed, and the
discrimination capacity and haplotype diversity observed were 72.55% and 0.99592, respectively. Next,
an allele frequency- based phylogenetic analysis of the Northern Iraqi Turkmen 17-loci Y-STR dataset
along with those from neighbouring and distant populations was carried out. As expected, the Northern
Iraqi Turkmen population was found to cluster most closely with the Iraqi population within a Middle
Eastern cluster, which included other Turkish and Arabic populations at the next level. Once published,
results from this study would constitute the first Y-chromosomal dataset on Iraqi Turkmens in the
literature. The Northern Iraqi Turkmen Y-STR dataset is expected to have immediate forensic
applications, such as missing person’s investigations. Furthermore, the new Y- STR dataset would also
contribute to a better understanding of the population genetics of the Near East in general because
despite the historical importance of this geography, unfortunately still very little data exists on the
populations therein.
Keywords: Northern Iraqi Turkmens, Middle East, Yfiler, Forensic parameters, Phylogenetic analysis
169
�DIVERSITY OF ACE AND ACTN3 POLYMORPHISMS IN BOSNIANHERZEGOVINIAN POPULATIONS
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Damir Marjanović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
damir.marjanovic@ibu.edu.ba
Ćenanović, M
Abstract
Human ACE gene encodes angiotensin I-converting enzime with a key role in renin-angiotensin (RAS)
and kinin-kallikrein (KKS) systems in the regulation of hemodynamics. ACTN3 gene encodes the muscle
α-actinin-3 isoform that stabilises the muscle contractile apparatus. ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X
polymorphisms are both extensively studied for possible association with the human physical
performance. Aim was to estimate diversity of ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms in population of Bosnia
and Herzegovina and to evaluate possible association of these gene variants, gender and sports activity.
Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and buccal epithelial cells using salting- out method. Total of
242 unrealted healthy individuals were tested, with regard to their gender (N=132 women, N=110 men)
and sports activity (N=90 active, N=152 non-active). Genotyping was done by PCR with locus-specific
primers. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of
both ACE/ACTN3 genes in Bosnian- Herzegovinians, as well as between compared subgroups of men
and women, athletes and non- athletes (P=0.05). Allele frequency distribution showed no deviation from
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We also compared our data with available data of other populations.
Since no extensive research studies of ACE and ACTN3 genes were conducted in Bosnian-Herzegovinian
population, except a few clinical studies, this study can provide further information about genetic
diversity of human populations in western Balkan region. It can also serve as an incentive for future
studies with larger number of variables, larger cohorts, as well as more applicative context in terms of
developing more individualized approach in sports training.
Keywords: ACE, ACTN3 gene variants, genetic diversity, Bosnian-Herzegovinians
170
�TEN-YEAR TRENDS IN PREVALENCE OF DOWN SYNDROME IN A
DEVELOPING COUNTRY: IMPACT OF THE MATERNAL AGE AND PRENATAL
SCREENING
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Mehinović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Objective:
This study examines trends in total and live birth prevalence of trisomy 21 (T21) with regard to
increasing maternal age and the introduction of prenatal diagnosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Method:
The prenatal detection was introduced in January 2008 in 3 hospitals and assessed until December 31,
2015. In this study, 99 fetuses and 330 babies were diagnosed with T21 in the studied period.
Results:
On average, each year 33 T21 individuals were born and 13 T21 fetuses were diagnosed prenatally. The
calculated incidence for the live born T21 individuals in Bosnia is 1:999. The live-birth prevalence of T21
was 9.6 per 10,000 births and the total prevalence of T21 was 19.1. The total T21 prevalence increases
exponentially with the advanced maternal age. Prenatal T21 prevalence is 1.29 per 10,000 births for
mothers <35, but increases exponentially with increasing age (32 for >40 years). The most common
indications for invasive prenatal testing were ultrasound screening combined with biochemical serum
analysis followed by the advanced maternal age.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of liveborn Down syndrome children remained constant. Despite the fact that increasing
maternal age in the last decade contributed to the rise in the total T21 prevalence, the effect of the
introduction of prenatal diagnosis on the live-birth T21 prevalence of T21 was minimal, leading to the
conclusion that the prenatal screening has to be improved in developing countries.
171
�THE COMPARISON OF EFFICACY BETWEEN GENERIC AND BRANDED
IMATINIB IN ACHIEVEMENT OF OVERALL SURVIVAL AND CYTOGENETIC
RESPONSES IN CML PATIENTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Erna Islamagić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jerald P. Radich
Emina Suljovic Hadzimesic
Azra Hasic
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sabira Kurtovic
Abstract
Introduction
Imatinib mesylate (Glivec, Novartis) is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the BCR-ABL1
fusion protein responsible for the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Low cost generic
alternatives to imatinib are an integral part of cost effective healthcare strategies for developing
countries. However, the use of generics has been associated with different clinical outcomes. In this
study, we compared outcomes of two groups of patients who received Glivec as first-line therapy (Group
1) to patients who received generic imatinib as first-line therapy (Group 2) in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Material and methods
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of BCR-ABL1 positive CML patients (n = 53) in the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1 June 2005 and 31 March 2016. Glivec was used from
01 June 2005 until 30 September 2013, when all patients had to switch to generics, which was mandated
172
�by the Federal Solidarity Fund that allocates targeted cancer therapies. The following generic imatinib
was available: Anzovip (Zdravlje, Actavis) from 09/2013 to 09/2014, Meaxin (Krka) from 09/2014 to
12/2015, and Plivatinib (Pliva) from 12/2015. Patient data was collected from the database of the
Federal Solidarity Fund, a subsidiary of the Federal Health Insurance Agency. Branded and generic
imatinib was administered orally at dosage of 400 mg/day. Patients who were switched to nilotinib
received orally 400 mg/day. Patients on Glivec included in this study started therapy from 0-6 months
from time of diagnosis, while patients who started with generics did not wait for therapy. Patient
variables that were collected included age, gender, town, date of diagnosis, date of start of therapy,
monthly TKI dosage, adverse side effects, progression, lethal outcome, prognostic factors and
diagnostic parameters, including cytogenetics and molecular testing. In September 2013, Glivec
stopped being available in Bosnia and all CML patients were switched to generic therapy Anzovip.
Median duration of each therapy is given in Table 1.
Results
We compared patients on Glivec as first-line therapy (Group 1, n=26) to patients on first-line generic
imatinib (Group 2, n=27) with the follow-up period of at least three years for each group. When we
compare Groups 1 and 2 using intention to treat analysis, Kaplan-Meier estimated rate of overall
survival at 24 months of therapy was 88% vs. 68%, respectively (p=0.14), while 69% vs. 70% achieved
CCyR (p=0.12), respectively. In Group 1, 27% (7/26) patients switched to nilotinib (treatment failure in
2 patients and side effects in 5 patients), 54% (14/26) patients switched to generics because Glivec was
no longer available, and 19% (5/26) patients stopped therapy (2 patients stopped therapy and 3
patients died). Of the 7 patients who switched to nilotinib, 71% (5/7) achieved CCyR, 29% (2/7) achieved
MMR and none died. Of 19 patients who stayed on imatinib, 68% (13/19) achieved CCyR, 63% (12/19)
achieved MMR and 3/19 (16%) died. Of the 54% (14/26) patients who were switched from branded
imatinib to generic imatinib, one patient (7%) lost complete cytogenetic response.
Regarding Group 2, 52% (14/27) of patients switched to nilotinib due to treatment failure (n=8) and
side effects (n=6), while 48% (13/27) of patients stayed on generics. Of patients who switched to
nilotinib, 43% (6/14) achieved CCyR and 15% (2/14) achieved MMR. Of the patients who stayed on
generic imatinib, 100% (13/13) achieved CCyR and 85% (11/13) achieved MMR.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that there was no obvious difference in the treatment efficacy between generic and
branded imatinib. At 3 years, there was no significant difference in the overall suvival and achievement
of CCyR between first-line Glivec and first-line generic imatinib (p=0.14, and p=0.12, respectively).
173
�THE EFFICACY OF GENERIC IMATINIB AS FIRST-AND SECOND-LINE
THERAPY: 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID
LEUKEMIA
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Erna Islamagić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Azra Hasić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Emina Suljovic Hadzimesic
Sabira Kurtovic
Mirza Kozarić
Lejla Mehinović
Abstract
Introduction:
Generics of imatinib mesylate, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein,
have recently been approved in many countries as the alternative, low-cost forms for the treatment of
patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term
clinical outcomes of patients with CML receiving first-line and second-line generic imatinib in Bosnia
and Herzegovina.
Patients and methods:
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients (n = 41) treated with generic imatinib in
Bosnia between September 1, 2013 and August 5, 2016. Patients were categorized into 2 study groups:
Group 1 (n = 27) included newly diagnosed patients with CML receiving front-line generic imatinib, and
174
�Group 2 (n = 14) consisted of patients who started with front-line Glivec and were mandated to switch
to the second-line generic imatinib.
Results:
The median follow-up for Group 1 (first-line generic imatinib) and Group 2 (second-line generic imatinib)
was 16 and 36 months, respectively. At 36 months, the overall survival for patients in Group 1 was 85%,
and the achievement of complete cytogenetic response was 81%. At 24 months, the major molecular
response rate was 48%. Overall, 52% of patients switched from first-line generic imatinib to nilotinib
owing to treatment failure and side-effects. In Group 2, 93% of patients sustained cytogenetic and
molecular response at 3 years after the switch from branded to generic imatinib.
Conclusion:
Our results lead us to conclude that generic imatinib as second-line therapy does not have deleterious
effects on patient outcomes. However, first-line generic imatinib showed suboptimal efficacy compared
with branded imatinib.
175
�A NOVEL CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RENAL
METANEPHRIC ADENOMA: IDENTIFICATION OF PARTNER GENES
INVOLVED IN TRANSLOCATION T(9; 15)(P24; Q24)
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Renal metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare benign tumor frequently misclassified when microscopic
features alone are applied. The correct classification of a renal tumor is critical for diagnostic, prognostic,
and therapeutic purposes. Despite the advancements in cancer genomics, up until recently relatively
few genetic alterations critical to MA development have been recognized. Recent data suggest that
90% of MA have BRAFV600E mutations; the genetics of the remaining 10% are unclear. To date, only
one case of a chromosomal translocation, t(9;15)(p24;q24) associated with MA has been reported.
However, the potential role of the KANK1 gene, which lies near the breakpoint of the short arm of
chromosome 9p24, in the etiology of MA was not examined. We identified the same cytogenetic
aberration utilizing molecular cytogenetic techniques in a 22-year-old female patient, and further
investigated the genes involved in the translocation that might have contributed to tumorigenesis. A
series of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes identified the rearranged genes to be KANK1
on chromosome 9 (9p24.3) and NTRK3 on chromosome 15 (15q25.3). Mate-Pair genome sequencing
validated the balanced translocation between 9p24.3 and 15q25.3, involving genes KANK1 and NTRK3,
respectively. BRAFV600E mutational analysis was normal. Our findings indicate that gene fusions may
be one mechanism by which functionally relevant genes are altered in the development of MA.
Molecular and cytogenetic analyses have elucidated a novel genetic aberration, which helps to provide
a better understanding of this genomic change and assist in diagnosis and classification of new
subgroups/entities in metanephric adenomas.
Keywords: Chromosomal translocations, Cytogenetics, KANK1-NTRK3, Metanephric adenoma, Renal
cell carcinoma
176
�THE THREE YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF CML PATIENTS TREATED WITH FIRST-LINE
GENERIC AND FIRST-LINE BRANDED IMATINIB IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Erna Islamagić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Azra Hasić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Emina Suljovć Hadžimešić
Sabira Kurtović
Mirza Kozarić
Lejla Mehinović
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate, a selective BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been well established as the
standard of care for chronic myeloid leukaemia patients. In this study, we compared clinical outcomes
of patients who received first-line Glivec (Group 1) with patients who received first-line generic imatinib
(Group 2) in Bosnia and Herzegovina with three years follow-up of therapy. At 24 months of therapy,
the achievement of complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response were comparable
between the studied groups (CCyR was 69% vs. 70%, respectively; MMR was 54% vs. 48%, respectively).
After comparing the reasons for the switch to nilotinib, we found that treatment failure was higher in
patients treated with generic imatinib (30% vs. 8%, respectively) and side effects were similar in both
patient groups (22% vs. 19%, respectively). In general, patients on first-line generic imatinib had higher
rates of treatment failure compared to patients treated with first-line branded imatinib.
Keywords: Generic imatinib, Glivec, Clinical outcomes, CML
177
�THE ROLE OF GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN THE DETECTION OF
EARLY-STAGE ORAL MALIGNANCIES–A REVIEW
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Naida Hadžiabdić
Halid Sulejmanagic
Abstract
Since early diagnosis plays an important role in oral cancer prognosis, a general dental practitioner’s
ability to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms is crucial. This review describes the role of general
dental practitioners in the recognition of the early stage of oral cancer. To create guidelines for general
dental practitioners, several aspects were evaluated: risk factors for the most common oral cancers and
precancer, their early signs and symptoms, the role of oral screening in oral cancer prevention, and the
importance of a biopsy. The authors also included five case reports which serve as examples for the
significance of early detection of oral malignancies.
178
�LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF GIST PATIENTS TREATED WITH DELAYED
IMATINIB THERAPY
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Leila Keškić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Azra Hasić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Amina Kugić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Semir Bešlija
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Anes Pašić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nermina Ibišević
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The introduction of imatinib substantially improved the outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumour
(GIST) patients [1–4]. Even though imatinib has improved the treatment of GIST, its availability in
underdeveloped and developing countries like Argentina, Brazil or Bosnia has been limited because of
financial considerations and lack of insurance coverage [5,6]. Due to the limited number of available
179
�imatinib therapies, many GIST patients did not receive the drug. Over the years, the number of imatinib
therapies gradually increased, but never so that all GIST patients were treated with TKIs.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), Targeted therapy, Outcome, Developing country,
Imatinib
180
�LACK OF ACCESS TO TARGETED CANCER TREATMENT MODALITIES IN THE
DEVELOPING WORLD IN THE ERA OF PRECISION MEDICINE: REAL-LIFE
LESSONS FROM BOSNIA
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Azra Hasić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Semir Vranić
Qatar University
Qatar
Sabira Kurtovic
Mirza Kozarić
Nermir Granov
Abstract
Patients with cancer in developing and low-income countries have limited access to targeted cancer
therapies. The transitional nature of these economies has influenced health care funding, which has
resulted in the unavailability of targeted cancer treatments.1,2 Besides the three studies that will be
described here, to our knowledge, no literature exists on the clinical outcome of patients treated with
delayed targeted cancer therapy. To raise awareness on the importance of timely targeted cancer
treatment, we will discuss three key issues: (1) the low number of targeted cancer therapies for different
cancers, (2) the delay in cancer treatment, and (3) the unavailability of cancer diagnostics.
181
�THE FREQUENCY OF A NOVEL KANK1 AND NTRK3 TRANSLOCATION AND
BRAFV600E MUTATION IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH METANEPHRIC
ADENOMA UTILIZING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Semir Bešlija
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Aida Ćatić
Ardis Sophian
Lech Mazur
Dinesh Rakheja
Abstract
Background:
Renal metanephric adenoma (MA) is a very rare benign renal tumor, which is frequently misclassified
when microscopic features alone are applied. Despite the classification of adenoma as a benign tumor,
it is difficult to differentiate from other renal carcinomas such as malignant papillary renal cell
carcinomas and in children it can be mistaken with Wilms tumor. The correct classification of a renal
tumor is critical for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Despite the advancements in
cancer genomics, there is limited data available regarding the genetic alterations critical to the
metanephric adenoma development. Recent data suggest that 90% of MA have BRAFV600Emutations;
the genetics of the remaining 10 % are unclear.
Methods:
This study was conducted on 13 FFPE specimens from patients who were diagnosed with renal
metanephric adenoma. H&E stained slides from all cases were reviewed by study pathologist, and
representative tissue blocks were further selected for BRAFV600E sequencing and fluorescent in situ
182
�hybridization was adapted to detect chromosomal rearrangement between KANK1 on chromosome 9
(9p24.3) and NTRK3 on chromosome 15 (15q25.3). Results: In this study, we identified a novel
chromosomal translocation t(9;15)(p24;q24) between KANK1 and NTRK3, and provided new insights
into molecular mechanisms which might identify a subset of metanephric adenomas. Such findings
imply that recurrent cytogenetic aberrations may be of prognostic significance as well. Interestingly,
our data suggested mutual exclusivity of BRAFV600Eand t(9;15) aberrations.
Conclusions:
Molecular and cytogenetic analyses have allowed us to elucidate a genetic aberration, which may be
specific to metanephric adenoma. Aberrant expression of the KANK1-NTRK3 gene fusion may be one
mechanism by which functionally relevant genes are altered in the development of metanephric
adenoma, and thus mark a subgroup of metanephric adenomas with particular clinicopathological
features. Also, our study adds KANK1 and NTRK3 to the list of candidate genes that may play a role in
the 10% of renal metanephric adenomas that lack a BRAFV600Emutation.
183
�LONG TERM EFFICACY OF NILOTINIB AS FRONT-AND SECOND-LINE
THERAPY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Azra Hasić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Semir Bešlija
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Erna Islamagić
Sabira Kurtović
Lejla Mehinović
Abstract
Background:
In this study we examined the long-term real life clinical outcomes of patients receiving front- line
nilotinib and patients who switched from branded or generic imatinib to nilotinib (second-line therapy)
in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Methods:
Patients in CML-CP (n = 70) who started their TKI treatment in period from June 2005 to August 2016
were included in this multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients were categorized as: Group 1 (n =
31) contained patients receiving front-line nilotinib (300 mg twice daily) and Group 2 (n = 39) consisted
of patients who started with front-line imatinib (Glivec or generic imatinib) and then were switched to
nilotinib (400 mg or 600 mg twice daily). Nilotinib became available as front or second-line therapy in
March 2011. Standard patients' variables were collected and disease progression was established as
loss of CCyR and MMR. Survival probabilities were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and
compared using the log-rank test.
184
�Results:
Seventy patients (median age was 54.5 years; 61% was males) were enrolled in this study. The median
follow-up was 39 months (range 3-51 months). Median wait period for therapy was 12 months (range
1-62) from diagnosis. In both studied groups, overall survival was 87% at 39 months. According to ITT
principle, achievement of CCyR and MMR at 24 months on nilotinib therapy was higher in Group 1
compared to Group 2 (81% vs 67% and 74% vs 49%, respectively). Rate of death was similar in both
studied groups (4/31 vs 5/39). In Group 2, five patients who had suboptimal response on front-line
imatinib discontinued therapy (median period of 19.5 months) were switched when nilotinib became
available. Interestingly, none of these patients died.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that at 3 years, there was no difference in the overall suvival between studied groups.
However, achievement of CCyR and MMR at 24 months was higher in patients on front-line nilotinib
therapy. Patients who waited for therapy had optimal response regardless the wait period on nilotinib
therapy.
185
�FRONT-LINE NILOTINIB IS A BETTER CHOICE THAN FRONT-LINE IMATINIB
FOR CML PATIENTS WITH DELAYED TREATMENT: 11 YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Amina Kurtović Kozarić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
amina.kurtovic@ibu.edu.ba
Azra Hasić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Background
CML patients in developing world had to wait for the start of TKI treatment, from several months to
years. The significant delay in proper treatment with imatinib has had drastic consequences on patient
outcomes including survival, CCyR and MMR. Nilotinib was introduced in 2011 as front- and second-line
therapy for newly diagnosed as well as patients who waited for TKI treatment for a long time.
Aims
In this study we compared the long-term real life clinical outcomes (OS, CCyR and MMR) of patients
receiving front- line imatinib and front-line nilotinib therapy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period
from 08/2005 to 08/2016, categorized based on delayed start of therapy.
Methods
All newly diagnosed CML patients in CML-CP (n=149) who started their TKI treatment in period from
August 2005 to August 2016 were included in this multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients were
categorized as: Group 1 (n=118) consisted of patients who started with front-line imatinib (300 mg, 400
mg or 600 mg twice daily; Glivec or generic imatinib therapy) and Group 2 (n=31) contained patients
receiving front-line nilotinib (300 mg twice daily). Patients on imatinib were further categorized by the
duration of treatment delay into three subgroups (<5 months, 6-13 months and >13 months) and
patients on nilotinib therapy were divided into two subgroups (patients who waited less and more than
6 months on the start of therapy). Nilotinib became available as front or second-line therapy in March
2011. Standard patients' variables were collected and disease progression was established as loss of
186
�CCyR and MMR. Survival probabilities were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared
using the log-rank test.
Results
We analyzed 149 patients (median age was 54.5 years; 57% was males) in chronic phase of CML. The
median follow-up from time of diagnosis and start of therapy was 45 months and 39 months,
respectively (range 3-145 months). Median wait period for therapy in patients who waited less and
more than 6 months was 0 months (range 0-6) vs 15 months in the waiting group (range 9-63). At 11
years, overall survival for patients on front-line imatinib (Group 1) and front-line nilotinib (Group 2) was
83% and 87%, respectively. According to ITT principle, achievement of CCyR and MMR at 24 months
was higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (81% vs 66% and 74% vs 37%, respectively). Rate of death
was similar in both studied groups (20/118 vs 4/31). When we analysed delayed treatment at 24 months,
CCyR for patients who received therapy immediately, who waited 6-13 months and more than 13
months, was 74% vs 64% vs 40%, respectively. Regarding nilotinib treatment at 24 months, patients on
1st line immediate nilotinib vs 1st line delayed nilotinib achieved 83% vs 77% for CCyR and 78% vs 69%
for MMR, respectively.
Conclusion
Our results after 11 years of follow up suggest that nilotinib demonstrated improved efficacy over
imatinib therapy. Achievement of CCyR and MMR at 24 months was higher in patients on front-line
nilotinib therapy. Patients who waited for therapy had optimal response regardless the wait period on
nilotinib therapy.
Keywords: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Molecular response, Cytogenetics, Chronic myeloid leukemia
187
�SILICON NANOWIRES SUBSTRATES FABRICATION FOR ULTRA-SENSITIVE
SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY SENSORS
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Hrvoje Gebavi
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices
Croatia
Lara Mikac
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices
Croatia
Marijan Marciuš
Ruđer Bošković Institute
Croatia
Mile Šikic
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing
Croatia
Vlasta Mohaček-Grošev
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices
Croatia
Tibor Janči
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Sanja Vidaćek
University of Zagreb
Croatia
Emina Hasanspahić
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
188
�Mile Ivanda
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices
Croatia
Abstract
The silicon based substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have been synthesized
and tested. The silver-assisted electroless wet chemical etching method has been utilized for silicon
nanowires production which has been proved as the promising SERS substrate. The morphology of the
silicon nanowires coated with silver nanoparticles has been examined by scanning electron microscopy.
The SERS measurements tested on rhodamine 6G molecules indicated the optimal silicon nanowire
substrate production obtained for 5 M hydrofluoric acid and 30 mM silver nitrate etching solution. The
results show SERS detection limit of 10–8 M rhodamine in aqueous solution.
Keywords: Electroless chemical etching, Eurface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Silicon nanowires,
Rhodamine
189
�DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CHEMILUMINESCENCE BIOSENSORS FOR
DETERMINATION OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN MEAT
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Sandro Valzacchi
European Commission-Joint Research Center
Italy
Abstract
Development of chemiluminescence one-shot biosensors for determination of biogenic amines is
described and compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with
pre-column derivatisation. The biosensors are based on enzymatic oxidation to 4-aminobutyraldehyde
with putrescine oxidase or diamine oxidase as catalysts. The lowest measured concentration for the
biosensor with putrescine oxidase was 1 mg/L. The detection limit, calculated as 3σ value, was 0.8 mg/L.
The biosensor with diamine oxidase had the lowest measured concentration of 1 mg/L of putrescine.
Detection limit, calculated as 3σ value, was 1.3 mg/L. Biosensors were tested on five different meat
samples, and the results were compared with HPLC coupled with pre-column derivatization. Results
showed that new biosensors could be used in determination of putrescine concentration in meat
samples but improvements, such as sample pretreatment before determination or design of
interference free biosensor, are required.
Keywords: Biogenic amine, Determination, Chemiluminescence, Biosensor, Putrescine, Meat freshness
190
�OVERVIEW OF NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING PLATFORMS USED IN
PUBLISHED DRAFT PLANT GENOMES IN LIGHT OF GENOTYPIZATION OF
IMMORTELLE PLANT (HELICHRYSIUM ARENARIUM)
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Major advancements in DNA sequencing methods introduced in the first decade of the new millennium
initiated a rapid expansion of sequencing studies, which yielded a tremendous amount of DNA sequence
data, including whole sequenced genomes of various species, including plants. A set of novel sequencing
platforms, often collectively named as "next-generation sequencing" (NGS) completely transformed the
life sciences, by allowing extensive throughput, while greatly reducing the necessary time, labor and
cost of any sequencing endeavor.
PURPOSE:
of this paper is to present an overview NGS platforms used to produce the current compendium of
published draft genomes of various plants, namely the Roche/454, ABI/SOLiD, and Solexa/Illumina, and
to determine the most frequently used platform for the whole genome sequencing of plants in light of
genotypization of immortelle plant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
191
�45 papers were selected (with 47 presented plant genome draft sequences), and utilized sequencing
techniques and NGS platforms (Roche/454, ABI/SOLiD and Illumina/Solexa) in selected papers were
determined. Subsequently, frequency of usage of each platform or combination of platforms was
calculated.
RESULTS:
Illumina/Solexa platforms are by used either as sole sequencing tool in 40.42% of published genomes,
or in combination with other platforms - additional 48.94% of published genomes, followed by
Roche/454 platforms, used in combination with traditional Sanger sequencing method (10.64%), and
never as a sole tool. ABI/SOLiD was only used in combination with Illumina/Solexa and Roche/454 in
4.25% of publications.
CONCLUSIONS:
Illumina/Solexa platforms are by far most preferred by researchers, most probably due to most
affordable sequencing costs. Taking into consideration the current economic situation in the Balkans
region, Illumina Solexa is the best (if not the only) platform choice if the sequencing of immortelle plant
(Helichrysium arenarium) is to be performed by the researchers in this region.
Keywords: Base Sequence; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Plant Genome
192
�NANOMATERIALS IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY WITH EMPHASIS ON
APPLICATION IN MODERN MEDICINE
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Mirjana Maksimović
University of East Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Nanotechnology, as the most advanced technology today, enables the creation of two types of
nanotech tools - nanomaterials (revolutionary new materials) and nanodevices, which are ubiquitous
in many areas of engineering, information technology, telecommunications, agro-industry, ecology,
military and cosmic industry, etc. The most important application and achievement of nanotechnology
are in the field medicine. This led to the development of the specialized branch of medicine that connects
nanotechnology and medicine and it is known as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine deals with the diagnosis,
treatment, monitoring and control of biological systems with the help of nanotechnology. Increased
applications of nanomaterials are followed with increased concern about potential risks of their
application. The importance, advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterials and their applications
are presented in this paper with focus on nanomedicine.
193
�APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL SURFACE ADSORPTION INDEX APPROACH
(BSAI) IN CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GOLD
NANOPARTICLES AND BIOMOLECULES
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Tarik Husremović
Alma Jakupović
Anes Omerbašić
Abstract
The biological surface adsorption index approach (BSAI) presents a novel approach for characterization
of nanoparticles (NPs) in biological sys-tems. It is used for identification and quantitation of
intermolecular forces that govern the adsorption properties of biomolecules on NPs surface. BSAI
presents very important step in characterization of NPs-biomolecules interactions. Knowledge about
the mechanism of interactions could help in prediction of NPs eventual toxicity in biological systems.
Gold NPs are very often used in medicine, cosmetics and pharmacy thus evaluation of potential toxicity
of gold NPs is extremely important prior its ap-plication. In this paper BSAI approach was applied on
gold NPs with three different size (5 nm, 15 nm and 30 nm). The results showed that interactions of gold
NPs and biomolecules vary in dependence of the size of NPs. The results contribute in toxicity
assessment of gold nanoparticles in combi-nation with other analytical tools for toxicity assessment.
Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, Interactions, Characterization, Adsorption Nanodescriptors
194
�DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF AMINO ACID
ADSORBED ON NANOPARTICLE SURFACE
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Adnan Fojnica
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sabina Halilović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Džana Mulaomerović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Amra Dorić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Belma Alispahić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Bio-functionalization of nanoparticles with amino acids increases their biocompatibility and make them
more efficient in delivery systems, especially in drug delivery and gene therapy. This can lead to
development of new detection methods, in the field of clinical diagnostics, biosensors and DNA
receptors. Alongside, understanding of the mechanism of amino acid adsorption on nanoparticle
surface contributes to the evaluation of complex interaction between nanoparticles and proteins. Thus,
development of methods for amino acid quantitation and characterization is very important. Still, the
number of methods is very limited. We report a strategy for the quantification of cysteine adsorbed on
gold, silver and silica nanoparticles by modified ninhydrin method. In order to obtain the most suitable
ratio for amino acid adsorption, optimized parameters were: amino acid concentration, ratio of amino
195
�acids to nanoparticles, and nanoparticle concentration. Values of absorbance were measured by UVVis spectrophotometry and used for calculating the mass of adsorbed amino acid. The size of
nanoparticles lacked an effect on amino acids whereas the ratio of amino acid to nanoparticles was
revealed as a critical parameter. The method suggests 9:1 ratio as the most suitable for amino acidnanoparticle interaction in case of both, gold and silica nanoparticles.
196
�APPLICATION OF ISOTHERMAL TITRATION CALORIMETRY IN EVALUATION
OF PROTEIN–NANOPARTICLE INTERACTIONS
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a number of advantages over small organic molecules for controlling protein
behaviors within the cell. Protein binding to the surface of NPs depends on their surface characteristics,
composition and method of preparation (Mandal et al., J Hazard Mater 248-249: 238-245, 2013). It is
important to understand the binding affinities, stoichiometries and thermodynamic parameters of NPprotein interactions in order to see which interaction will have toxic and dangerous consequences and
thus prevent it. On the other side, because proteins are on the brink of stability, they may experience
interactions with some types of NPs that are strong enough to cause denaturation or significantly alter
their conformations with concomitant loss of their biological function. Structural changes in the protein
may cause exposure of new antigenic sites, "cryptic" peptide epitopes, potentially triggering an immune
response that can promote autoimmune disease (Treuel et al. In ACS Nano 8 (1): 503-513, 2014).
Mechanistic details of protein structural changes at NP surface have still remained elusive.
Understanding the formation and persistence of the protein corona is critical; However, there are no
many analytical methods that could provide detailed information about the NP-protein interaction
characteristics and about protein structural changes caused by interactions with nanoparticles. The
article reviews recent studies in the NP-protein interactions research and application of isotermal
titration calorimetry (ITC) in this research. The study of protein structural changes upon adsorption on
nanoparticle surface and application of ITC in these studies is emphasized. The data illustrates that ITC
is a versatile tool for evaluating interactions between NPs and proteins. When coupled with other
analytical methods, it is important analytical tool for monitoring conformational changes in proteins.
Keywords: Isotermic titration calorimetry, Nanoparticles, Proteins, Interactions, Gold nanoparticles,
Protein-nanoparticle interaction
197
�APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD PACKAGING
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.omanovic.miklicanin@ibu.edu.ba
Džana Mulaomerović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Amra Dorić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ivana Vinković-Vrček
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
Croatia
Mirjana Maksimović
University of East Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Rapid advancements in nanosciences and nanotechnologies in recent years are offering a variety of
benefits to the whole of agro-food production chain. The main focus appears to be on food packaging
and health food products. Nano-enhanced packaging has much to offer. Benefits range from stronger
and more flexible films, to smart packaging which can vastly simplify stock management and monitor
food condition. However, as with many burgeoning areas of nanotechnology, there are some concerns
which must be raised. It is not yet completely clear to what extent nanoparticles embedded in packaging
films can leach into food products, and what the effects of exposure to various nanomaterials on
consumer health might be. Whilst these issues are still being explored, one thing is for sure - the next
few years will bring important and fascinating developments in nanotechnology for packaging, which
may well act as a model for progress across all commercial applications of nanotechnology.
198
�INSPECTION PROCESS OF MEDICAL DEVICES IN HEALTHCARE
INSTITUTIONS: SOFTWARE SOLUTION
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
With increased sophistication of electrical medical devices and more dynamic working environment
conditions, safety and accuracy requirements are becoming more strict. Healthcare institutions are
challenged in keeping their electrical medical devices safe to use, accurate and reliable in terms of
measuring and monitoring of vital parameters. In healthcare institutions maintaining overall operating
functions at the required level of performance can be achieved through periodical safety performance
inspections. International guidelines, such as Directives IEC 60601, ISO 62353 and MDD 93/42, define
how healthcare institutions should perform these periodical checks. In countries, where those guidelines
are not adopted, medical device safety and performance inspections are conducted in accordance to
Directives of new approach. This paper presents the software solution for tracking the inspection
process of medical devices in public and private healthcare institutions. The software is implemented in
Oracle Application Development Framework Technology (ADF) and it is used to facilitate gathering of
documents such as Inspection Certificates, Working Orders, Measurement Reports, Calculated Errors,
and also to keep track of dates for next inspection. The software can be accessed online via Inspection
Laboratory website, and all clients, as well as professional laboratory staff can login using their own
username and password which makes all inspection data confidential. The software solution is
validated in private and public healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). Out of 331 public
and private health care institutions in BH, software solution was validated in 218 institutions and more
than 1800 inspection tests reports were imported in software by the date that this paper was written.
Keywords: Safety, Performance, Inspection, Medical devices, Metrology, Software, Healthcare,
Information technology
199
�TESTING OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS AND INFANT INCUBATORS IN
HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Jimenez ER
Iadanza E
Abstract
The medical device industry has grown rapidly and incessantly over the past century. The sophistication
and complexity of the designed instrumentation is nowadays rising and, with it, has also increased the
need to develop some better, more effective and efficient maintenance processes, as part of the safety
and performance requirements. This paper presents the results of performance tests conducted on 50
mechanical ventilators and 50 infant incubators used in various public healthcare institutions. Testing
was conducted in accordance to safety and performance requirements stated in relevant international
standards, directives and legal metrology policies. Testing of output parameters for mechanical
ventilators was performed in 4 measuring points while testing of output parameters for infant
incubators was performed in 7 measuring points for each infant incubator. As performance criteria,
relative error of output parameters for mechanical ventilators and absolute error of output parameters
for infant incubators was calculated. The ranges of permissible error, for both groups of devices, are
regulated by the Rules on Metrological and Technical Requirements published in the Official Gazette of
Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 75/14, which are defined based on international recommendations,
standards and guidelines. All ventilators and incubators were tested by etalons calibrated in an ISO
17025 accredited laboratory, which provides compliance to international standards for all measured
parameters.The results show that 30% of the tested medical devices are not operating properly and
should be serviced, recalibrated and/or removed from daily application.
Keywords: Health technology management, Clinical engineering, Healthcare, Infant incubators,
Mechanical ventilators, Output parameters, Safety, Standards, Testing
200
�APPLICATIONS OF QSAR STUDY IN DRUG DESIGN
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Layla Abdel-Ilah
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Elma Veljović
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and quantitative structure-property relationship
(QSPR) studies are important in silico methods in rational drug design. The aim of this methods are to
optimize the existing leads in order to improve their biological activities and physico-chemical properties.
Also, to predict the biological activities of untested and sometimes yet unavailable compounds. This
article is a general review of different QSAR/QSPR studies in different previous researches. R2 and Q2
parameters are used in some studies to predict the predictability and robustness of the constructed
models. In all mentioned articles QSAR study were good prediction tool for investigation drug activity
or binding mode on specific receptors.
Keywords: Drug design, QSAR, QSPR, Molecular Descriptor, Coefficient of Determination R2, Squared
Correlation Coefficient Q2.
201
�TELEMETRY SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ASTHMA AND CHRONICAL
OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Eldar Granulo
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lejla Bećar
University of Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
For people who live in rural or remote areas, or have a limited possibility of movement, disease is
diagnosed late in the course, which unfortunately often results in death. In order to increase awareness
among people and to reduce mortality rates, telemetry systems play a very important role. This paper
presents the telemetry system for diagnosis of Asthma and COPD 1. Developed telemetry system is
implemented using Android, Java, MATLAB and PHP technologies. Classification of respiratory diseases
is implemented in our previous papers. During the six months' period telemetry system was tested on
541 subjects, where 324 were classified as asthmatics or COPD while 217 were classified as healthy
subjects. Implemented system uses a spirometer connected via Bluetooth with a mobile phone
application for sending data to the server where is installed Expert System for classification of Asthma
and COPD. After the classification process Expert System is sending a diagnosis to the patient via e-mail.
Keywords: Telemetry, Expert System, Disease, Classification, Asthma, COPD
202
�TESTING OF THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Lejla Gurbeta
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lejla.gurbeta@ibu.edu.ba
Almir Badnjević
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
almir.badnjevic@ibu.edu.ba
Alma Jakupović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Elvira Ruiz Jimenez
Abstract
Electrical medical equipment are complex and sophisticated and are expected to operate under strict
requirements and over longer time period. Healthcare institutions are facing challenge in keeping
electrial medical equipment safe, accurate, reliable with operating performance at the acceptable level.
Periodical performance inspections are therefore of great importance. The perfomance of therapeutical
ultrasounds in healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina is periodicly inspected in accordance
to national rules (Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 75/14) and international
recommendations (IEC 60601). This paper presents the results of performance inspection of 117
therapeutical ultrasounds measured by independent laboratory for inspection of medical devices
appointed by Institute of Metrology of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that nearly 30% of
inspected devices do not operate properly. Out of nearly 30% of faulty device, in aproximately 41% cases
transducer heads are not operating properly. Through this paper, the importance od periodical
inspection of performance of therapeutical ultrasounds by professional engineering staff is pointed out.
Inspection of performance is irreplacable step in increasing quality of healthcare.
203
�A DISSIMILAR APPROACH TO ASSOCIATING ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING
ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART
RATE MEASUREMENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS DURING EXAM
PERIOD
Serkan Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
serkan.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Hacer Konaklı
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hasan Emin Balkaya
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Indira Özçoban
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene, as a component of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS),
regulates blood pressure as it converts somatic isozyme Angiotensin I into physiologically active peptide
Angiotensin II and simultaneously brakes down bradykinins. Over 100 polymorphisms are reported for
ACE gene. Most of these polymorphisms having no phenotypic effect relay the attention towards
polymorphisms based on insertions (I) or deletions (D) of a 287 bp Alu repeat sequence in 16th intron.
There are three possible genotypes for the stated polymorphism: DD, DI or II. There have been a lot of
studies searching for direct associations between ACE polymorphisms and performance phenotypes
along different sports requiring power or endurance. The previous experiments are based on the
performance criteria but direct associations of ACE polymorphisms are not fully understood until today.
We believe different approaches may aid scientist to plot the big picture. A sample population of 101
individuals from Bosnia and Herzegovina contributed to sample pool of the initial project. Buccal swabs
from 101 samples were collected along with a phenotypic structure and environmental characteristic
survey which was filled by each individual himself/herself. Genotypes of the individuals were obtained
204
�after isolation, amplification and gel electrophoresis of biological samples collected as buccal swabs. A
total of 165 artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed considering the input parameters,
possible genotype outputs, applied algorithm and sample size. The aim of developing various ANNs was
to validate a possible ACE polymorphism genotype prediction algorithm based on phenotypic and
environmental characteristics of individuals, in other words, without any biological testing. A twolayered feed-forward network, with sigmoid hidden neurons was designed to perform the classification
of input data. Trainscg (Scaled Conjugate Gradient) activation function was used in hidden layer since
classification of data was non-linear. All ANN models were trained with scaled conjugate gradient
backpropagation. ANN models differing in the parameters has shown different accuracy in the results.
Most outstanding result was observed in the ANN build composed of 2 distinctive layers with 500
neurons in the first and 3 neurons in the second layer. Trained with 70% of samples and verified with
15% of samples and validated with an additional 50 samples. Training set was composed of the
following subject parameters; gender, eye color, hair color, height, weight, presence of hypertension in
family and presence of cardiovascular diseases in family. The highest prediction accuracy was obtained
as 86,6 % training score, 78,6 % testing score and 80,2 % overall score in genotype prediction for ACE
polymorphisms. With further development of data collection and high resolution analysis, overall score
could be boosted. Also, phenotypical data can be applied as markers of genotypes in ACE
polymorphisms.
Keywords: ACE Gene, Polymorphisms, Artificial Neural Networks, Genotype Prediction
205
�NEW POSSIBLE TARGETABLE GENES FOR FUTURE TREATMENT OF MIXED
LINEAGE LEUKEMIA
Senol Doğan
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senol.dogan@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Aim of study:
Leukemia has different subtypes, which present unique clinical and molecular characteristics. MLL
(Mixed Lineage Leukemia) is one of the new different subtypes than AML and ALL.
Materials and Methods:
Genomic characterization is the main key understanding the differences of MLL by analysis of
differential gene expression, methylation patterns and mutational spectra that were compared and
analyzed between MLL and AML types (n=197).
Results:
According to the genomic characterization of MLL, differentially expressed 114 genes were selected and
37 of them targeted genes having more than 2 fold expression change, including HOXA9, CFH, DDX4,
MSH4, MSMB, TWIST1, ZSWIM2, POU6F2. To measure the aberrant methylation is the second genomic
characterization of this research because the rearrangements of MLL gene leading to aberrant
methylation. The methylation data were compared between cancer and control, so high methylated
genes have been detected between MLL and AML types. The methylation loci were categorized into two
groups: ≥ 10 fold difference and ≥ 5 and ≤ 10 fold difference. Some of the genes high methylated more
than one location such as; RAET1E, HSD17B2, RNASE11, DGK1, POU6F2, NAGS, PIK3C2G, GADL1, and
KRT13. In addition to that, analysis of somatic mutation gives us that CFH has the highest point
mutation 9,92%.
Conclusion:
Overall, the MLL genomic characterization shows that it is different than AML and exhibits a unique
molecular and biological phenotype and point to new possible targetable genes for future treatment of
MLL leukemia are two important values.
Keywords: MLL type leukemia, Genomic analyzes, Gene expression, Methylation, Mutation
206
�III PART: Faculty of Education
207
�THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER, MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT
IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Senad Bećirović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
This study deals with the research into the relationship between gender, motivation and achievement
in learning English as a foreign language. A good command of English is of paramount importance for
an individual to be successful in numerous aspects of life such as professional, personal and educational.
The aim of this research was to determine how gender influences motivation and achievement in
learning English as a foreign language. The research sample consists of 185 students aged ten (fifth
grade), fourteen (ninth grade) and eighteen (twelfth grade). The results demonstrate a statistically
significant relationship between gender and motivation. Ten-year-old students exhibit the highest
motivation for learning English as a foreign language, while the eighteen-year-olds exhibit the lowest
motivation. In addition, female students are more successful at learning English as a foreign language
than male students at each group/grade level. Moreover, the findings also reveal statistically significant
results in measuring the correlation between achievement and motivation and can be highly beneficial
for teachers, parents and students in adopting the most effective approach to learning and teaching
English as a foreign language.
Keywords: Motivation, Gender, Foreign Language, Grade Level, Achievement, Correlation
208
�WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
IN BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN EFL CONTEXT
Senad Bećirović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Emina Rizvić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
Willingness to communicate (WTC) has recently been extensively investigated in the field of language
study, especially in second language acquisition studies and communication studies. Studies suggest
that WTC is an important tool that can facilitate language learning. Hence, the aim of instructors when
teaching a language should be to increase the students' WTC. The aim of this study is to explore the
Bosnian-Herzegovinian university students' willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language
in different situational and interpersonal contexts. For that purpose, the Willingness to Communicate
Questionnaire (McCroskey, Richmond, 2013) was utilized. The instrument consists of seven sub-scales:
group discussion, meetings, interpersonal, public speaking, friend, acquaintance, stranger and it
consists of 20 items. The research sample consists of 193 students from three universities in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, two public universities and one private university. The results show that students' grade
level, type of university and GPA significantly affect their willingness to communicate, while gender,
nationality, or the number of foreign languages that students speak do not affect their WTC. Since this
concept has not been studied broadly in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian EFL context, findings of this
quantitative study might facilitate the process of setting pedagogical aims in English language
instruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special emphasis on WTC.
Keywords: WTC, Communication, Foreign Language, Achievement
209
�SOCRATIC METHOD AS AN APPROACH TO TEACHING
Senad Bećirović
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
The theoretical view of Socrates' life and his method in teaching. After the biographical facts of Socrates
and his life, we explained the method he used in teaching and the two main types of his method, Classic
and Modern Socratic Method. Since the core of Socrates' approach is the dialogue as a form of teaching
we explained how exactly the Socratic dialogue goes. Besides that, we presented two examples of
dialogues that Socrates led, Meno and Gorgias. Socratic circle is also one of the aspects that we
presented in this paper. It is the form of seminars that is crucial for group discussions of a given theme.
At the end, some disadvantages of the Method are explained. With this paper, the reader can get the
conception of this approach of teaching and can use Socrates as an example of how successfull teacher
leads his students towards the goal.
Keywords: Socratic Method, Dialogue, Seminar, Teaching, Life-Long Learning
210
�THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING STYLES IN THE EFL CLASSROOM
Vildana Dubravac
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
viladana.dubravac@ibu.edu.ba
Lejla Žunić-Rizvić
Abstract
This paper deals with teaching management of different learning styles students use in the EFL
classroom. It explores various types of learning styles and it provides directions that can help EFL
teachers in better understanding of various learning preferences and in responding to different types of
learners. Different types of learners are also treated in this paper. In addition to theoretical explanations
for every type of learner mentioned, different methods and approaches are incorporated, together with
suggestions for activities suitable for particular learners. The last part of the paper is a study of Bosnian
teenagers’ learning styles and their implication in teaching. The aim of the study was to investigate
major learning styles of Sarajevo teenagers and how they affect their learning. The results and analysis
of the study are presented at the end of this paper.
211
�USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS AND L1 IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING
CLASSROOMS IN B&H
Vildana Dubravac
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
viladana.dubravac@ibu.edu.ba
Nađa Skopljak
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
In the modern society people are exposed to English almost all the time and everywhere. English is heard
on TV, read in books, people from different countries communicate with each other in this language.
Therefore, it is not surprising that the need for studying the effects of the exposure to English on the
developing of English language proficiency has arisen. This paper examines the exposure of Bosnian
students to the English language outside of the classroom and provides a comparison between private
and public schools, as well as between elementary and high schools. Another aspect of investigation
are the perceptions of Bosnian teachers and students regarding the use of the mother tongue (L1) in
EFL classrooms. With the switch from grammar-translation method to communicative approaches, the
role of L1 in English language learning classrooms has become highly disputed, and the current paper
attempts to shed light on this issue.
212
�STUDENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON SKILLS ACQUISITION AND
ERROR CORRECTION TREATMENT IN BOSNIAN EFL CONTEXT
Vildana Dubravac
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
viladana.dubravac@ibu.edu.ba
Senija Ogrić - Kevrić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The presence of the English language in various domains of everyday life cannot be neglected, since it
is easily encountered in politics, social networks, media and newspapers worldwide, including Bosnia
and Herzegovina, where especially the conditions of the post-war period contributed to the need of
learning it. Even though English is widely present as a foreign language in elementary and high schools
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its acquisition has not been largely investigated. The current paper aims at
exploring students’ and teachers’ perceptions regarding the development of language skills in English,
as an important aspect of acquiring a language and one of the key prerequisites for its successful use.
213
�THE ASSESSMENT OF BOSNIAN EFL LEARNERS’ KNOWLEDGE BY TWO
DIFFERENT MEASURES: TEST AND WRITING ASSIGNMEN
Vildana Dubravac
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
viladana.dubravac@ibu.edu.ba
Ana Tankosić
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ana.tankosic@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
English is taught as a foreign language in elementary and high schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH).
However, since the number of English classes per week is very limited they should be utilized in the best
possible way to produce proficient users of English. Nowadays, when language proficiency is viewed as
one’s ability to speak and write in the target language and not about it, the need for the proficiency
evaluation in schools arises. The present study attempts to shed a spot of light on this issue,
investigating two very common ways of assessing students’ knowledge in schools, namely tests and
writing assignments. Hence, through the interviews with English teachers and the analysis of students’
tests and writing assignments, the current paper explores the ways in which these two measures are
realized, the tasks they consist of, the type of linguistic knowledge they are used to evaluate, their levels
of difficulty, and the type of corrective feedback teachers provide on both of them. The results suggest
that teachers on both measure rather students’ explicit than their implicit knowledge, focusing much
more on accuracy than fluency development.
Keywords: Assessment, Test, Writing Assignment, Corrective Feedback, EFL
214
�CARYL PHILLIPS AND THE RHIZOMORPHOUS GAZE: A GEOPHILOSOPHICAL
READING OF CROSSING THE RIVER
Ibrahim Murat Oner
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
murat.oner@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Caryl Phillips’s narratives are generally known for their fragmentation, ambiguity, displaced characters,
mindboggling geographical and social passages, and intertextual allusions. Crossing the River similarly
embodies fragmentation in its substance and narrative form(s), and it also features transgressors and
travelers who geographically and socially cross borders and undergo deep transformations. Therefore,
one’s initial experience of reading Phillips’s labyrinthine writing – such as Crossing the River – is that of
utter confusion. In the academia, earlier studies have properly addressed the issues of Phillips’s agenda:
memory of oppression and displacement, history of dislocation and exile, and ultimate diasporic
experience. This paper, however, proposes an alternative perspective for Caryl Phillips’s readers: a
geophilosophical analysis. This paper suggests that Phillips’s sophistication arises not only from his
writing agenda but also from his aesthetic concerns in handling historical nonequilibrium. Bertrand
Westphal states: “Nonequilibrium is coherent and, ultimately, more interesting than equilibrium, since
the latter is deprived of history.” Westphal also compares “equilibrium” with “a nonstory” and
“nonequilibrium” with “a complex story” (19). As this paper suggests, geophilosophical reading makes
more sense of Phillipsian dense modus operandi and artistic intents. This model also juxtaposesCrossing
the River and Phillips’s other narratives. Under such a scrutiny, Phillipsian fragmentation presents a
“patchwork” of his “rhizomorphous” gaze at the nonequilibrium, and geographical and social passages
are merely “smoothing” movements from “striations” of “the state apparatus,” and displaced
characters turn into border-crossing “nomads” for whom displacement is an “intermezzo.”
215
�BÂKİ’NİN “CÂN” REDİFLİ GAZELİNİN ŞERHİ VE YAPISALCILIK AÇISINDAN
İNCELENMESİ
Lokman Gözcü
International Burch University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lokman.gozcu@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacını, Kanuni devrinde dönemin en büyük şairi sayılarak kendi sine “Sultânü’ş-şuarâ”
unvanı verilmiş, namı ve eserleri Anadolu ve Rumeli’nin dört bir yanına yayılmış, Hindistan’a kadar adını
duyurmuş olan Bâkî’nin “Cânâ” redifli gazelinin şerhi ve ardından yapısalcılık bakımından incelenmesi
oluşturmuştur. Yirminci yüzyıl ile birlikte dil ve edebiyat dünyamıza giren yapısalcılık, modern tarzda
metin inceleme yöntemidir. Klasik Türk edebiyatı metinleri geleneksel şerh yöntemlerinin dışında yapısal
olarak incelendiğinde şekil, içerik, anlam ve sanatsal değer bakımından daha açıklayıcı ve anlaşılır
olacaktır. Bu açıdan çalışmada, Bâkî’nin “Cânâ” redifli gazeli bu hedef doğrultusunda incelenmiş, sanat
ve estetik değeri saptanmıştır.
Keywords: Bâkî, Yapısalcılık, Klasik Şerh, Gazel, Klasik Türk Edebiyatı, Cânâ
216
�Contents
I PART: Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences ................... 2
IMPACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CAPABILITY AND ISO 9001 EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF
EXPORTING COMPANIES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 3
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 3
IMPACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CAPABILITY AND ISO 9001 EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF
EXPORTING COMPANIES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 4
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Nereida Hadžiahmetović .............................................................................................................................................. 4
EFFECTS OF ISO 9001 EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF EXPORTING COMPANIES: REVIEW AND A
PROPOSED MODEL ................................................................. 5
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 5
IMPACT OF CARING CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN
THE BANKING SECTOR OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ....... 6
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Vesna Plakalović ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
THE YOUTH'S PERCEPTION OF MIGRATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
7
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Kanita Jahić ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Šejla Kočan .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-MONETARY INCENTIVES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: A CASE OF
CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA.. 8
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Emir Srna ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
ETHICAL CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT RELATIONSHIP IN THE SHOES MANUFACTURING
SECTOR .................................................................................... 9
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Mehmet Gencouglu ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
HOW DO ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS PERCEIVE WHISTLEBLOWING REASONS AND WHISTLEBLOWING PREFERENCES
............................................................................................... 10
217
�Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Cemil Kuzey ................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Bedia Atalay ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Ali Haydar Gungormus ............................................................................................................................................... 10
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN HIGHER EDUCATION (BOOK)
11
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................. 11
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS A SOLUTION TO MANIPULATIVE ACCOUNTING OF SME’S IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
............................................................................................... 12
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Anida Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Alma Hurić .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
BACKTESTING VALUE AT RISK FORECAST: THE CASE OF KUPIEC POF-TEST
13
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Mia Vehabović ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
USAGE OF DERIVATIVES IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
14
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
Anida Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE CASE ON
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ................................................ 15
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
Amra Halaba ............................................................................................................................................................... 15
Erkan Ilguen ................................................................................................................................................................ 15
A RESEARCH REVIEW OF MOTIVATION-ENHANCING OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES 16
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Nereida Hadžiahmetović ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Kanita Jahić ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT REVIEW OF WHAT WAS STUDIED AND WHERE WAS RESEARCHED
............................................................................................... 17
Nereida Hadžiahmetović ............................................................................................................................................ 17
SISTEM PREVENCIJE MALOLJETNIČKOG PRESTUPNIŠTVA I KRIVIČNO-PRAVNIH MJERA ZA MALOLJETNE IZVRŠIOCE
KRIVIČNIH DJELA U ČESKOJ REPUBLICI ................................ 18
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 18
218
�PRAVOSUDNI AKTIVIZAM U PRAKSI EVROPSKOG SUDA PRAVDE I UTICAJ NA SUVERENITET DRŽAVA ČLANICA EU,
PRAVNA MISAO, FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVO PRAVDE - LEGAL THOUGHT 1-2/16, FEDERAL MINISTRY OF JUSTICE,
SARAJEVO ............................................................................. 19
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 19
LEGAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HOLOCAUST IN THE VISEGRAD (V4) COUNTRIES (BOOK)
20
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 20
DUAL CITIZENSHIP AND YOUTH IDENTITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (CHAPTER IN BOOK)
21
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Nicholas Micinski ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
THE INFLUENCES OF DAYTON AGREEMENT ON INSTITUTIONS: LEGISLATURES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (CHAPTER
IN BOOK) ............................................................................... 22
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Nedim Kulenović ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
ETHNIC MOBILIZATION, VIOLENCE AND THE POLITICS OF AFFECT: SERB DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE BOSNIAN WAR
(BOOK) .................................................................................. 23
Adis Maksić ................................................................................................................................................................. 23
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CREDIT RISK ASSESMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN TURKEY
24
Olcay Erdoğan ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Zafer Konakli ............................................................................................................................................................... 24
Adnan Hodžić .............................................................................................................................................................. 24
THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL CAPITAL ON DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
25
Natasa Tandir .............................................................................................................................................................. 25
Merdzana Obralić ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
EXPLORING ISLAMIC INDICES IN THE GREAT RECESSION (CHAPTER IN BOOK) 26
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
Harun Sencal ............................................................................................................................................................... 26
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE MACROECONOMY WITH THE APPLICATION TO 2001 CRISIS OF TURKEY
27
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON GDP IN THE TURKISH ECONOMY 28
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Esraq Simsek ............................................................................................................................................................... 28
Fatih Macit .................................................................................................................................................................. 28
THE IMPACT OF EWOM IN SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS
219
29
�Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Merve Turkyilmaz ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
STUDY ON CLIENT - SATISFACTION FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, EUROPEAN 30
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
Meliha Duljević ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
WIN – WIN FACTORS OF HIGH-END PERFUME PACKAGING THAT LEAD TO PURCHASE DECISION 31
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 31
Zumreta Redžović ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON BRAND EQUITY AND BRAND PURCHASE INTENTION: A CASE STUDY
ON DOMESTIC BRANDS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA .... 32
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
Sumeja Softić .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
THE ROLE OF AFFECTIVE FACTORS ON BRAND RESONANCE: MEASURING CUSTOMER‐BASED BRAND EQUITY FOR THE
SARAJEVO BRAND................................................................. 33
Malcolm Duerod ......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Teoman Duman .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Okai Ozbal ................................................................................................................................................................... 33
DETECTION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD USING BENEISH MODEL
34
Elvisa Buljubašić .......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
MEASURING QUALITY OF SERVICES AT HEI: CASE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN B&H
35
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Amina Kahriman ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Ajdin Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Kemal Đug ................................................................................................................................................................... 35
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTING ISO 9001:2015 STANDARD AND ESG 2015
36
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Esad Bajramović .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Benjamin Muhamedbegović ...................................................................................................................................... 36
DIASPORAS AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM TO BUILD A MEMORIAL AT THE OMARSKA
CONCENTRATION CAMP IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA ........... 37
Dženeta Karabegović .................................................................................................................................................. 37
220
�Maria Koinova............................................................................................................................................................. 37
AIMING FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: DIASPORA MOBILIZATION TOWARDS YOUTH AND EDUCATION IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA....................................................................... 38
Dženeta Karabegović .................................................................................................................................................. 38
II PART: Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences ......... 40
CLOUD COMPUTING THREATS CLASSIFICATION MODEL BASED ON THE DETECTION FEASIBILITY OF MACHINE LEARNING
ALGORITHMS ........................................................................ 41
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
SMART HOMES WITH VOICE ACTIVATED SYSTEMS FOR DISABLED PEOPLE
42
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Bekir Busatlic .............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Isaac Lera .................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Enes Sukic ................................................................................................................................................................... 42
CLASSIFICATION OF ON-OFF STATES OF APPLIANCE CONSUMPTION SIGNATURES
43
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Emir Salihagić .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
AN INNOVATIVE RFID-BASED SOLUTION TO SECURE PARKING SPOTS FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED
44
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Sami Miniaoui ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Enes Sukić ................................................................................................................................................................... 44
REMAINING LIFETIME MODELING USING STATE-OF-HEALTH ESTIMATION
45
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 45
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT UTILIZATION FOR LIFETIME PROGNOSIS AND ADVANCED CONTROL STRATEGY
DEPLOYMENT OF WIND TURBINES: AN OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK CONCERNING ACTUAL METHODS, TOOLS, AND
OBTAINED RESULTS .............................................................. 47
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 47
IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DAMAGES IN COMPOSITES USING REAL-TIME FPGABASED HARDWARE FRAMEWORK. IN PROCEEDING OF ASME49
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 49
221
�Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Sebastian F. Wirtz ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
Adauto P. A. Cunha ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
INTEGRATED PROGNOSTIC MODEL FOR RUL ESTIMATION USING THRESHOLD OPTIMIZATION
50
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 50
Rosmawati Jihin .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
HEALTH SERVICE QUALITY MEASUREMENT FROM PATIENT REVIEWS IN TURKISH BY OPINION MINING
51
Zeynep Orhan ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Elton Domnori............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Migena Ceyhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 51
E-MEDICAL TEST RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS’ SYMPTOMS AND ANAMNESES
............................................................................................... 52
Zeynep Orhan ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
Elton Domnori............................................................................................................................................................. 52
Migena Ceyhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 52
CLOUD COMPUTING-BASED PARALLEL GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR GENE SELECTION IN CANCER CLASSIFICATION 53
Dino Kečo .................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 53
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 53
SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYSIS WEB APPLICATION ...................... 54
Dino Kečo .................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Bećir Isaković .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
SYN FLOOD ATTACK DETECTION IN CLOUD COMPUTING USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
55
Dino Kečo .................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 55
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 55
Kemal Hajdarević ........................................................................................................................................................ 55
TRAINING NETWORK MANAGERS IN ETHICAL HACKING TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE RESOURCE STARVATION ATTACKS
USING GNS3 SIMULATOR ..................................................... 56
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
222
�Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 56
Kemal Hajdarević ........................................................................................................................................................ 56
Indira Avdagić ............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Adna Kozić................................................................................................................................................................... 56
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE DETECTION USING RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER, COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS
IN BIOMEDICINE ................................................................... 57
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 57
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 57
AN EXTENDED MODEL OF A LEVEL AND FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM
58
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 58
Jasna Hivziefendić ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 58
MANAGEMENT OF THE POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS USING FUZZY LOGIC
59
Jasna Hivziefendić ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
Mirza Šarić .................................................................................................................................................................. 59
CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF UNCERTAINTY MODELLING METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
60
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Jasna Hivziefendić ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Mirza Šarić .................................................................................................................................................................. 60
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION, DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM, AND WAVELET
PACKED DECOMPOSITION FOR AUTOMATED EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION AND PREDICTION 61
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 61
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 61
Emina Alickovic ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
AN EFFECTIVE COMBINING CLASSIFIER APPROACH USING TREE ALGORITHMS FOR NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION
............................................................................................... 62
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 62
Samed Jukić ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 62
COMPARISON OF SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN CLASSIFICATION OF EEG SIGNALS FOR MOTOR-IMAGERY BCI
SYSTEM ................................................................................. 63
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 63
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 63
223
�EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION USING HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING METHODS 64
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 64
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 64
Abdullah Canbaz ......................................................................................................................................................... 64
WAVELET AND TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR (TEO) FOR HEART SOUND PROCESSING AND IDENTIFICATION
65
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 65
Lejla Bandić ................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Aiša Ramović ............................................................................................................................................................... 65
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 65
Emina Germović .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
HEART SOUNDS DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM (DWT) TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR (TEO) CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES (CVD) ..................................................................... 66
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Adnan Hodžić .............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Adnan Fojnica ............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Ahmed Osmanović...................................................................................................................................................... 66
Layla Abdel-Ilah .......................................................................................................................................................... 66
OVARY CANCER DETECTION USING DECISION TREE CLASSIFIERS BASED ON HISTORICAL DATA OF OVARY CANCER
PATIENTS ............................................................................... 67
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 67
Lejla Bandić ................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 67
Emir Džaferović ........................................................................................................................................................... 67
Sabahudin Vrtagić ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
Saeed Mian Qaisar ...................................................................................................................................................... 67
CRITERIA FOR SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE ESTIMATION 68
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 68
Damir Bilić ................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Mehrija Hasičić ........................................................................................................................................................... 68
BERTHIL CEPSTRUM: A NOVEL VIBRATION ANALYSIS METHOD BASED ON MARGINAL HILBERT SPECTRUM APPLIED TO
ARTIFICIAL MOTOR AGING ................................................... 69
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 69
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 69
224
�PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE ESTIMATION 70
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 70
Damir Bilić ................................................................................................................................................................... 70
Mehrija Hasičić ........................................................................................................................................................... 70
APPLICATION OF TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR FOR THE POWER SYSTEM FAULT IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALISATION
............................................................................................... 71
Nejra Čišija-Kobilica .................................................................................................................................................... 71
Samir Avdaković ......................................................................................................................................................... 71
SENSOR NETWORK INFORMATION FLOW CONTROL METHOD WITH STATIC COORDINATOR WITHIN INTERNET OF
THINGS IN SMART HOUSE ENVIRONMENT .......................... 72
Dejan Jokić .................................................................................................................................................................. 72
Aleksejs Jurenoks ........................................................................................................................................................ 72
COORDINATOR ROLE MOBILITY METHOD FOR INCREASING THE LIFE EXPECTANCY OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
............................................................................................... 73
Dejan Jokić .................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Aleksejs Jurenoks ........................................................................................................................................................ 73
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROLLERS FOR PUMA 560 ROBOT
74
Dejan Jokić .................................................................................................................................................................. 74
Slobodan Lubura ......................................................................................................................................................... 74
CLOUD-BASED MOBILE PLATFORM FOR EEG SIGNAL ANALYSIS
75
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 75
Lejla Bandić ................................................................................................................................................................. 75
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Emir Džaferović ........................................................................................................................................................... 75
Sabahudin Vrtagić ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
Saeed Mian Qaisar ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
THE ABILITY OF WATER ACCUMULATION MODRAC TO BE SOURCE FOR DRINKING WATER
76
Ahmed El Sayed .......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Adnan Habibović ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Jasmina Marić ............................................................................................................................................................. 76
REALNA PRIMJENLJIVOST EKOLOŠKI PRIHVATLJIVIH MATERIJALA I TEHNOLOGIJA U IZGRADNJI ENERGETSKI EFIKASNIH
ZGRADA U BIH....................................................................... 77
Ahmed El Sayed .......................................................................................................................................................... 77
225
�Ismail Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 77
Fuad Ćatović................................................................................................................................................................ 77
EXPERIENCE IN TESTING OF CONCRETE FOR WATER PENETRATION DURING CONSTRUCTION OF WWTP IN BIHAĆ 79
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 79
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 79
Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 79
EXPERIENCE IN TESTING OF CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT ACCORDING TO EN 10002-1 80
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 80
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 80
Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 80
APPLICATION OF CPR 305/2011 TO PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS 81
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 81
Emir Bajramović .......................................................................................................................................................... 81
ACCREDITED LABORATORIES IN PROCESS OF INTRODUCING OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS TO EU MARKET
82
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 82
Emir Bajramović .......................................................................................................................................................... 82
CARBON FIBERS - MATERIAL OF NEW POSSIBILITIES .......... 83
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 83
Aldin Mahmutović ...................................................................................................................................................... 83
EXPERIENCES IN TESTING OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE DURING CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE WATER
COLLECTION AND TREATMENT PLANT IN BIHAĆ ACCORDING TO BAS EN 206:2014
84
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 84
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 84
Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 84
CONCRETE CONSISTENCY TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION OF THE WASTE WATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT
PLANT IN BIHAĆ ACCORDING TO EN 206:2014 .................... 85
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 85
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 85
Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 85
INSULATION MATERIALS – REACTION TO FIRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
86
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 86
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 86
226
�FIRE RESISTANCE OF THE STRAW BALE WALLS .................... 87
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 87
EARLY MUSEUMS AS SYMBOL OF NATIONAL IDENTITY...... 88
Lejla Odobašić Novo ................................................................................................................................................... 88
CROSSING SITELINES / TRAGUARDARE L’ADRIATICO (BOOK CHAPTER)89
Lejla Odobašić Novo ................................................................................................................................................... 89
ARS AEVI: LA CULTURA COME ARMA .................................. 90
Lejla Odobašić Novo ................................................................................................................................................... 90
APPLICATION OF THE MONITORING TOOLS FOR UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS .................................................... 91
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 91
Omar Kapetanović ...................................................................................................................................................... 91
COMPARISON OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS AND GANTT CHART APPROACH IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT ..................................................................... 92
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 92
Omar Kapetanović ...................................................................................................................................................... 92
Emir Bračković ............................................................................................................................................................ 92
Sarina Sabotić ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
USER – BASED APPROACH IN THE PLANNING AND CONFIGURATION OF LIVING SPACES 93
Adnan Novalić ............................................................................................................................................................. 93
Emina Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
A REVIEW ON SHEARING OF SINGLE LIVING SPACE IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
94
Adnan Novalić ............................................................................................................................................................. 94
THE ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS OF SARAJEVO: A CITY SHAPED BY MEMORY
95
Emina Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Erna Husukić ............................................................................................................................................................... 95
BIO-BASED STUDENT PAVILION IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
96
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 96
Maja Roso Popovac .................................................................................................................................................... 96
Elma Krasny ................................................................................................................................................................ 96
Ognjen Šukalo ............................................................................................................................................................. 96
Venera Vukašinović .................................................................................................................................................... 96
227
�PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND COST OF BIO-BASED HOUSE VERSUS
CONCRETE-BRICK HOUSE ...................................................... 97
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 97
Azra Korjenic ............................................................................................................................................................... 97
Elma Krasny ................................................................................................................................................................ 97
ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND COST OF BIO-BASED HOUSE VERSUS CONCRETE
HOUSE ................................................................................... 98
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 98
Azra Korjenic ............................................................................................................................................................... 98
Elma Krasny ................................................................................................................................................................ 98
LOCAL, TRADITIONAL, NATURAL MATERIALS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
99
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 99
APPLICATIONS OF QSAR STUDY IN DRUG DESIGN ............ 100
Layla Abdel-Ilah ........................................................................................................................................................ 100
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 100
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 100
Elma Veljović ............................................................................................................................................................. 100
GENOTYPE ASSOCIATION WITH SPORT ACTIVITY: THE IMPACT OF ACE AND ACTN3 GENE POLYMORPHISM ON ATHLETIC
PERFORMANCE ................................................................... 101
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 101
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 101
Enisa Omanović Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 101
Alem Šečerović ......................................................................................................................................................... 101
TESTING OF ANESTHESIA MACHINES AND DEFIBRILLATORS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
102
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 102
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 102
THE INFLUENCE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO) ON CANCER CELLS AND ITS ROLE IN THE CANCER TREATMENT
103
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 103
Enisa Omanović Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 103
Almedina Kozić ......................................................................................................................................................... 103
METHODS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CELLS USING DIFFERENT STORAGE MEDIA
104
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 104
228
�Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
Sabina Halilović ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
Ahmed Osmanović.................................................................................................................................................... 104
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND DOCKING STUDY IN DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF XANTHENES AS ANTIMICROBIAL
AGENTS ............................................................................... 105
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 105
Elma Veljović ............................................................................................................................................................. 105
CLASSIFICATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS USING IMPLEMENTED EXPERT SYSTEM 106
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 106
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 106
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 106
Alma Badnjević-Čengić ............................................................................................................................................. 106
Maja Malenica .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
Tanja Dujić ................................................................................................................................................................ 106
Adlija Čaušević .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
Tamer Bego ............................................................................................................................................................... 106
PRE-CLASSIFICATION PROCESS SYMPTOMQUESTIONNAIRE BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC FOR PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST
COST REDUCTION ............................................................... 107
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 107
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 107
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 107
Leandro Pecchia ........................................................................................................................................................ 107
CLASSIFICATION OF PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK 109
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 109
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 109
Dijana Sejdinović ...................................................................................................................................................... 109
Maja Malenica .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
Tanja Dujić ................................................................................................................................................................ 109
Adlija Čaušević .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
Tamer Bego ............................................................................................................................................................... 109
Lejla Divović Mehmedović........................................................................................................................................ 109
229
�TESTING OF INFUSION PUMPS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
111
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 111
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 111
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 111
Zijad Džemić .............................................................................................................................................................. 111
TESTING OF DIALYSIS MACHINES IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 112
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 112
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 112
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 112
Zijad Džemić .............................................................................................................................................................. 112
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 113
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 113
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 113
PROPOSAL OF THE MONITORING AND EVALUATION APPROACH FOR COMMUNITY PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS .................................................. 114
Sanin Džidić ............................................................................................................................................................... 114
Emir Bračković .......................................................................................................................................................... 114
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Β‐GLUCOSIDASE FROM BRASSICA OLERACEA
115
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 115
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 115
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 115
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 115
Imer Muhović............................................................................................................................................................ 115
META-ANALYSIS OF DEPLETED URANIUM LEVELS IN THE BALKAN REGION
116
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 116
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 116
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 116
Imer Muhović............................................................................................................................................................ 116
CHEMICAL TOXICITY AND RADIOACTIVITY OF DEPLETED URANIUM: THE EVIDENCE FROM IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
STUDIES ............................................................................... 118
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 118
230
�Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 118
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 118
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 118
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 118
THE EFFECT OF LYSOZYME ON REDUCING BIOFILMS BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA, AND
GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS: AN IN VITRO EXAMINATION.. 120
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 120
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 120
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 120
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 120
Amra Ramović ........................................................................................................................................................... 120
Dženita Šeljmo .......................................................................................................................................................... 120
Jasna Hukić................................................................................................................................................................ 120
A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BIOFILM FORMING CAPACITY OF CAUSATIVE
AGENTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.......................... 122
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 122
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 122
Mirza Ibrišimović ...................................................................................................................................................... 122
Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović ........................................................................................................................... 122
HETEROLEPTIC RUTHENIUM BIOFLAVONOID COMPLEXES: FROM SYNTHESIS TO IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY 123
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 123
Adnan Zahirović ........................................................................................................................................................ 123
Emira Kahrović .......................................................................................................................................................... 123
Marina Cindrić .......................................................................................................................................................... 123
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić ............................................................................................................................................ 123
Anja Harej ................................................................................................................................................................. 123
Emir Turkušić ............................................................................................................................................................ 123
T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN A CLINICAL COURSE OF CHICKENPOX
125
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 125
Rusmir Baljić ............................................................................................................................................................. 125
Hadžan Konjo ............................................................................................................................................................ 125
Dženana Hrustemović............................................................................................................................................... 125
231
�Belma Gazibera ......................................................................................................................................................... 125
Amela Katica ............................................................................................................................................................. 125
A FUZZY MODEL TO PREDICT RISK OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
127
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 127
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 127
Günay Karlı................................................................................................................................................................ 127
Hasan Emin Balkaya.................................................................................................................................................. 127
Mirza Ibrišimović ...................................................................................................................................................... 127
A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF B-IOFILM FORMING CAPACITY OF CAUSATIVE
AGENTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.......................... 129
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 129
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 129
Mirza Ibrišimović ...................................................................................................................................................... 129
Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović ........................................................................................................................... 129
RECOGNIZING THE POSSIBILITY OF BIOTERRORISM IN THE FACE OF EMERGING AND REEMERGING ZOONOTIC
PATHOGENS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DURING THE WAR (1992-1995)
130
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 130
Sead Ahmetagić ........................................................................................................................................................ 130
Nijaz Tihić .................................................................................................................................................................. 130
Nermina Mehinović .................................................................................................................................................. 130
Denijal Tulumović ..................................................................................................................................................... 130
Mirza Ponjavić .......................................................................................................................................................... 130
Paul Heyman ............................................................................................................................................................. 130
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CONVENTIONAL KARYOTYPE AND QF-PCR IN DETECTION OF FETAL CHROMOSOMAL
ABNORMALITIES ................................................................. 132
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 132
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 132
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 132
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 132
Alma Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................. 132
SURVEY OF LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS AROUND THE WORLD IN BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 AND 4 LABORATORIES
............................................................................................. 133
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 133
232
�CHARACTERISTICS OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS IN THE WEST BALKANS: A FIRST REPORT
............................................................................................. 134
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 134
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 134
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 134
Borka Tutiš ................................................................................................................................................................ 134
Sanja Jakovac ............................................................................................................................................................ 134
Maja Ostojić .............................................................................................................................................................. 134
PREDICTION OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS WITHIN A RECENTLY SETTLED TURKISH POPULATION IN
SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................... 136
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 136
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 136
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 136
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 136
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 136
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 136
Gurkan Dogan ........................................................................................................................................................... 136
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES AND GENETIC SIMILARITIES WITHIN A NEW GENERATION OF CARBAPENEMRESISTANT ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS-A. BAUMANNII COMPLEX RESISTOTYPES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
............................................................................................. 138
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 138
Aydın Çöl ................................................................................................................................................................... 138
Irma Salimović-Bešić ................................................................................................................................................. 138
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ............................................................................................................................................. 138
EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE OF THE MEASLES OUTBREAK IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA..................................................................... 139
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 139
Irma Salimović-Bešić ................................................................................................................................................. 139
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ............................................................................................................................................. 139
Sead Ahmetagić ........................................................................................................................................................ 139
Nijaz Tihić .................................................................................................................................................................. 139
DETECTION OF PUUMALA VIRUS IN THE TISSUE OF INFECTED NATURALLY RODENT HOSTS IN THE AREA OF CENTRAL
DINARIDES .......................................................................... 141
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 141
233
�Edina Zahirović.......................................................................................................................................................... 141
GENOMIC ANALYSES INFORM ON MIGRATION EVENTS DURING THE PEOPLING OF EURASIA
142
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 142
MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF 23 Y-CHROMOSOME SHORT TANDEM REPEAT LOCI IN THE POPULATION OF TUZLA CANTON
............................................................................................. 143
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 143
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 143
Jasmina Hindija Čakar ............................................................................................................................................... 143
Naida Babić ............................................................................................................................................................... 143
Amela Pilav ............................................................................................................................................................... 143
Vesna Hadžiavdić ...................................................................................................................................................... 143
Y-CHROMOSOMAL HAPLOGROUP DISTRIBUTION IN THE TUZLA CANTON OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A
CONCORDANCE STUDY USING FOUR DIFFERENT IN SILICO ASSIGNMENT ALGORITHMS BASED ON Y-STR DATA
145
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 145
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 145
Cemal Gurkan ........................................................................................................................................................... 145
Naida Babić ............................................................................................................................................................... 145
Vesna Hadžiavdić ...................................................................................................................................................... 145
Ali Göksu ................................................................................................................................................................... 145
DNA IDENTIFICATION OF COMMINGLED HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE CEMETERY RELOCATED BY FLOODING IN
CENTRAL BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA............................... 147
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 147
Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN THE BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN POPULATION BASED ON 23 Y-STR LOCI
148
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 148
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 148
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 148
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 148
Gurkan Dogan ........................................................................................................................................................... 148
ALLELE FREQUENCIES OF 15 STR LOI IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
150
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 150
Amela Pilav ............................................................................................................................................................... 150
Naris Pojskić .............................................................................................................................................................. 150
Anesa Ahatović ......................................................................................................................................................... 150
234
�Mirela Džehverović ................................................................................................................................................... 150
Jasmina Čakar ........................................................................................................................................................... 150
AN EXAMINATION OF GROWTH ACCELERATION TRENDS WITHIN A MALE POPULATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
BETWEEN THE 19TH AND 21ST CENTURIES ....................... 152
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 152
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 152
Rifat Hadžiselimović ................................................................................................................................................. 152
Elma Mrehić .............................................................................................................................................................. 152
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND
PERSONALIZED THERAPY: RATIONALE, DESIGN AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE)-PTSD STUDY
............................................................................................. 153
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 153
DETECTION OF CYTOSINE AND CPG DENSITY IN PROTO-ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN PROMOTER
SEQUENCES OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA ..................... 154
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 154
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 154
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 154
PREVALENCE OF F5 1691G> A, F2 20210G> A, AND MTHFR 677C> T POLYMORPHISMS IN BOSNIAN WOMEN WITH
PREGNANCY LOSS ............................................................... 155
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 155
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 155
DIVERSITY OF Y-CHROMOSOMAL AND MTDNA IVERSITY OF Y-CHROMOSOMAL AND MTDNA MARKERS INCLUDED IN
MEDISCOPE CHIP WITHIN ARKERS INCLUDED IN MEDISCOPE CHIP WITHIN TWO ALBANIAN SUBPOPULATIONS FROM
CROATIA WO ALBANIAN SUBPOPULATIONS FROM CROATIA AND KOSOVO: PRELIMINARY DATA AND KOSOVO:
PRELIMINARY DATA............................................................ 156
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 156
CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE MEASUREMENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS DURING EXAM PERIOD
............................................................................................. 157
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 157
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 157
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 157
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 157
Senol Doğan .............................................................................................................................................................. 157
Nilay Nalcaci ............................................................................................................................................................. 157
235
�DIAGNOSTIC OF ASTHMA USING FUZZY RULES IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND
PHYSICIANS EXPERIENCE .................................................... 159
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 159
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 159
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 159
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 159
CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
160
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 160
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 160
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 160
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 160
POLYMORPHISMS OF 1691G> A AND 4070A> G FV IN BOSNIAN WOMEN WITH PREGNANCY LOSS
161
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 161
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 161
Emir Mahmutbegović ............................................................................................................................................... 161
Nevena Mahmutbegović .......................................................................................................................................... 161
Grażyna Adler ........................................................................................................................................................... 161
Ewa Czerska .............................................................................................................................................................. 161
Edin Međedović ........................................................................................................................................................ 161
Anna Pawińska-Matecka .......................................................................................................................................... 161
NETWORK ANALYSIS ON Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN WESTERN BALKAN POPULATIONS 163
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 163
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 163
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 163
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 163
Hasan Emin Balkaya.................................................................................................................................................. 163
COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ISOLATED BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVININA AND SLOVENIAN
POPULATIONS ..................................................................... 165
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 165
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 165
Hadžić-Metjahić, N. .................................................................................................................................................. 165
Vidović, M. ................................................................................................................................................................ 165
236
�Čakar, J. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 165
Džehverović, M. ........................................................................................................................................................ 165
Pilav, A ...................................................................................................................................................................... 165
ALLELE FREQUENCIES AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR 15 STR LOCI IN THE POPULATION OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA..................................................................... 167
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 167
Čakar, J. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Džehverović, M. ........................................................................................................................................................ 167
Pilav, A ...................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Pojskić, N................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Ahatović, A. ............................................................................................................................................................... 167
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PATERNAL LINEAGES OF THE NORTHERN IRAQ TURKMENS 169
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 169
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 169
Balkaya, HE. .............................................................................................................................................................. 169
Gurkan, C. ................................................................................................................................................................. 169
Dogan, M................................................................................................................................................................... 169
Tunc, R. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 169
DIVERSITY OF ACE AND ACTN3 POLYMORPHISMS IN BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN POPULATIONS 170
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 170
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 170
Ćenanović, M ............................................................................................................................................................ 170
TEN-YEAR TRENDS IN PREVALENCE OF DOWN SYNDROME IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: IMPACT OF THE MATERNAL
AGE AND PRENATAL SCREENING ....................................... 171
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 171
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 171
THE COMPARISON OF EFFICACY BETWEEN GENERIC AND BRANDED IMATINIB IN ACHIEVEMENT OF OVERALL SURVIVAL
AND CYTOGENETIC RESPONSES IN CML PATIENTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
172
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 172
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 172
Jerald P. Radich ......................................................................................................................................................... 172
Emina Suljovic Hadzimesic ....................................................................................................................................... 172
Azra Hasic .................................................................................................................................................................. 172
237
�Sabira Kurtovic .......................................................................................................................................................... 172
THE EFFICACY OF GENERIC IMATINIB AS FIRST-AND SECOND-LINE THERAPY: 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH
CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA ........................................... 174
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 174
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 174
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 174
Emina Suljovic Hadzimesic ....................................................................................................................................... 174
Sabira Kurtovic .......................................................................................................................................................... 174
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 174
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 174
A NOVEL CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RENAL METANEPHRIC ADENOMA: IDENTIFICATION
OF PARTNER GENES INVOLVED IN TRANSLOCATION T(9; 15)(P24; Q24)
176
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 176
THE THREE YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF CML PATIENTS TREATED WITH FIRST-LINE GENERIC AND FIRST-LINE BRANDED
IMATINIB IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ......................... 177
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 177
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 177
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 177
Emina Suljovć Hadžimešić ........................................................................................................................................ 177
Sabira Kurtović .......................................................................................................................................................... 177
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 177
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 177
THE ROLE OF GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN THE DETECTION OF EARLY-STAGE ORAL MALIGNANCIES–A REVIEW
............................................................................................. 178
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 178
Naida Hadžiabdić ...................................................................................................................................................... 178
Halid Sulejmanagic ................................................................................................................................................... 178
LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF GIST PATIENTS TREATED WITH DELAYED IMATINIB THERAPY
179
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 179
Leila Keškić ................................................................................................................................................................ 179
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 179
Amina Kugić .............................................................................................................................................................. 179
Semir Bešlija ............................................................................................................................................................. 179
238
�Anes Pašić ................................................................................................................................................................. 179
Nermina Ibišević ....................................................................................................................................................... 179
LACK OF ACCESS TO TARGETED CANCER TREATMENT MODALITIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD IN THE ERA OF
PRECISION MEDICINE: REAL-LIFE LESSONS FROM BOSNIA 181
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 181
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 181
Semir Vranić .............................................................................................................................................................. 181
Sabira Kurtovic .......................................................................................................................................................... 181
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 181
Nermir Granov .......................................................................................................................................................... 181
THE FREQUENCY OF A NOVEL KANK1 AND NTRK3 TRANSLOCATION AND BRAFV600E MUTATION IN PATIENTS
DIAGNOSED WITH METANEPHRIC ADENOMA UTILIZING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
182
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 182
Semir Bešlija ............................................................................................................................................................. 182
Aida Ćatić .................................................................................................................................................................. 182
Ardis Sophian ............................................................................................................................................................ 182
Lech Mazur ................................................................................................................................................................ 182
Dinesh Rakheja ......................................................................................................................................................... 182
LONG TERM EFFICACY OF NILOTINIB AS FRONT-AND SECOND-LINE THERAPY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: REAL LIFE
EXPERIENCE......................................................................... 184
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 184
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 184
Semir Bešlija ............................................................................................................................................................. 184
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 184
Sabira Kurtović .......................................................................................................................................................... 184
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 184
FRONT-LINE NILOTINIB IS A BETTER CHOICE THAN FRONT-LINE IMATINIB FOR CML PATIENTS WITH DELAYED
TREATMENT: 11 YEAR FOLLOW-UP .................................... 186
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 186
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 186
SILICON NANOWIRES SUBSTRATES FABRICATION FOR ULTRA-SENSITIVE SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
SENSORS.............................................................................. 188
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 188
239
�Hrvoje Gebavi ........................................................................................................................................................... 188
Lara Mikac ................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Marijan Marciuš........................................................................................................................................................ 188
Mile Šikic ................................................................................................................................................................... 188
Vlasta Mohaček-Grošev ........................................................................................................................................... 188
Tibor Janči ................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Sanja Vidaćek ............................................................................................................................................................ 188
Emina Hasanspahić ................................................................................................................................................... 188
Mile Ivanda ............................................................................................................................................................... 189
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CHEMILUMINESCENCE BIOSENSORS FOR DETERMINATION OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN MEAT
............................................................................................. 190
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 190
Sandro Valzacchi ....................................................................................................................................................... 190
OVERVIEW OF NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING PLATFORMS USED IN PUBLISHED DRAFT PLANT GENOMES IN LIGHT OF
GENOTYPIZATION OF IMMORTELLE PLANT (HELICHRYSIUM ARENARIUM)
191
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 191
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 191
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 191
NANOMATERIALS IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY WITH EMPHASIS ON APPLICATION IN MODERN MEDICINE 193
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 193
Mirjana Maksimović ................................................................................................................................................. 193
APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL SURFACE ADSORPTION INDEX APPROACH (BSAI) IN CHARACTERIZATION OF
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND BIOMOLECULES
194
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 194
Tarik Husremović ...................................................................................................................................................... 194
Alma Jakupović ......................................................................................................................................................... 194
Anes Omerbašić ........................................................................................................................................................ 194
DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF AMINO ACID ADSORBED ON NANOPARTICLE SURFACE
............................................................................................. 195
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 195
Adnan Fojnica ........................................................................................................................................................... 195
Sabina Halilović ......................................................................................................................................................... 195
Džana Mulaomerović................................................................................................................................................ 195
240
�Amra Dorić ................................................................................................................................................................ 195
Belma Alispahić ........................................................................................................................................................ 195
APPLICATION OF ISOTHERMAL TITRATION CALORIMETRY IN EVALUATION OF PROTEIN–NANOPARTICLE INTERACTIONS
............................................................................................. 197
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 197
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD PACKAGING198
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 198
Džana Mulaomerović................................................................................................................................................ 198
Amra Dorić ................................................................................................................................................................ 198
Ivana Vinković-Vrček ................................................................................................................................................ 198
Mirjana Maksimović ................................................................................................................................................. 198
INSPECTION PROCESS OF MEDICAL DEVICES IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS: SOFTWARE SOLUTION
199
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 199
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 199
TESTING OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS AND INFANT INCUBATORS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
200
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 200
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 200
Jimenez ER ................................................................................................................................................................ 200
Iadanza E ................................................................................................................................................................... 200
APPLICATIONS OF QSAR STUDY IN DRUG DESIGN ............ 201
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 201
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 201
Layla Abdel-Ilah ........................................................................................................................................................ 201
Elma Veljović ............................................................................................................................................................. 201
TELEMETRY SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ASTHMA AND CHRONICAL OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) 202
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 202
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 202
Eldar Granulo ............................................................................................................................................................ 202
Lejla Bećar ................................................................................................................................................................. 202
TESTING OF THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 203
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 203
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 203
241
�Alma Jakupović ......................................................................................................................................................... 203
Elvira Ruiz Jimenez.................................................................................................................................................... 203
A DISSIMILAR APPROACH TO ASSOCIATING ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS CHANGES IN
BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE MEASUREMENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS DURING EXAM PERIOD
204
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 204
Hacer Konaklı ............................................................................................................................................................ 204
Hasan Emin Balkaya.................................................................................................................................................. 204
Indira Özçoban .......................................................................................................................................................... 204
NEW POSSIBLE TARGETABLE GENES FOR FUTURE TREATMENT OF MIXED LINEAGE LEUKEMIA
206
Senol Doğan .............................................................................................................................................................. 206
III PART: Faculty of Education ............................................ 207
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER, MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE .......................................................................... 208
Senad Bećirović ......................................................................................................................................................... 208
WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN EFL CONTEXT
............................................................................................. 209
Senad Bećirović ......................................................................................................................................................... 209
Emina Rizvić .............................................................................................................................................................. 209
SOCRATIC METHOD AS AN APPROACH TO TEACHING ...... 210
Senad Bećirović ......................................................................................................................................................... 210
THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING STYLES IN THE EFL CLASSROOM
211
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 211
Lejla Žunić-Rizvić ....................................................................................................................................................... 211
USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS AND L1 IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING CLASSROOMS IN B&H
212
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 212
Nađa Skopljak ........................................................................................................................................................... 212
STUDENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON SKILLS ACQUISITION AND ERROR CORRECTION TREATMENT IN BOSNIAN
EFL CONTEXT ....................................................................... 213
Vildana Dubravac...................................................................................................................................................... 213
Senija Ogrić - Kevrić .................................................................................................................................................. 213
THE ASSESSMENT OF BOSNIAN EFL LEARNERS’ KNOWLEDGE BY TWO DIFFERENT MEASURES: TEST AND WRITING
ASSIGNMEN ........................................................................ 214
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 214
242
�Ana Tankosić ............................................................................................................................................................. 214
CARYL PHILLIPS AND THE RHIZOMORPHOUS GAZE: A GEOPHILOSOPHICAL READING OF CROSSING THE RIVER
215
Ibrahim Murat Oner ................................................................................................................................................. 215
BÂKİ’NİN “CÂN” REDİFLİ GAZELİNİN ŞERHİ VE YAPISALCILIK AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ 216
Lokman Gözcü........................................................................................................................................................... 216
I PART: Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences................... 2
IMPACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CAPABILITY AND ISO 9001 EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF
EXPORTING COMPANIES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 3
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 3
IMPACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING CAPABILITY AND ISO 9001 EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF
EXPORTING COMPANIES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 4
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Nereida Hadžiahmetović .............................................................................................................................................. 4
EFFECTS OF ISO 9001 EFFECTIVENESS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF EXPORTING COMPANIES: REVIEW AND A
PROPOSED MODEL ................................................................. 5
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 5
IMPACT OF CARING CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN
THE BANKING SECTOR OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ....... 6
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Vesna Plakalović ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
THE YOUTH'S PERCEPTION OF MIGRATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
7
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Kanita Jahić ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Šejla Kočan .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-MONETARY INCENTIVES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: A CASE OF
CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA.. 8
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Emir Srna ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
ETHICAL CLIMATE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT RELATIONSHIP IN THE SHOES MANUFACTURING
SECTOR .................................................................................... 9
243
�Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Mehmet Gencouglu ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
HOW DO ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS PERCEIVE WHISTLEBLOWING REASONS AND WHISTLEBLOWING PREFERENCES
............................................................................................... 10
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Cemil Kuzey ................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Bedia Atalay ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Ali Haydar Gungormus ............................................................................................................................................... 10
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN HIGHER EDUCATION (BOOK)
11
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................. 11
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS A SOLUTION TO MANIPULATIVE ACCOUNTING OF SME’S IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
............................................................................................... 12
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Anida Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Alma Hurić .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
BACKTESTING VALUE AT RISK FORECAST: THE CASE OF KUPIEC POF-TEST
13
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Mia Vehabović ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
USAGE OF DERIVATIVES IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
14
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
Anida Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE CASE ON
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ................................................ 15
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
Amra Halaba ............................................................................................................................................................... 15
Erkan Ilguen ................................................................................................................................................................ 15
A RESEARCH REVIEW OF MOTIVATION-ENHANCING OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES 16
Muhammet Sait Dinc .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Nereida Hadžiahmetović ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Kanita Jahić ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT REVIEW OF WHAT WAS STUDIED AND WHERE WAS RESEARCHED
............................................................................................... 17
Nereida Hadžiahmetović ............................................................................................................................................ 17
244
�SISTEM PREVENCIJE MALOLJETNIČKOG PRESTUPNIŠTVA I KRIVIČNO-PRAVNIH MJERA ZA MALOLJETNE IZVRŠIOCE
KRIVIČNIH DJELA U ČESKOJ REPUBLICI ................................ 18
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 18
PRAVOSUDNI AKTIVIZAM U PRAKSI EVROPSKOG SUDA PRAVDE I UTICAJ NA SUVERENITET DRŽAVA ČLANICA EU,
PRAVNA MISAO, FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVO PRAVDE - LEGAL THOUGHT 1-2/16, FEDERAL MINISTRY OF JUSTICE,
SARAJEVO ............................................................................. 19
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 19
LEGAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HOLOCAUST IN THE VISEGRAD (V4) COUNTRIES (BOOK)
20
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 20
DUAL CITIZENSHIP AND YOUTH IDENTITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (CHAPTER IN BOOK) 21
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Nicholas Micinski ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
THE INFLUENCES OF DAYTON AGREEMENT ON INSTITUTIONS: LEGISLATURES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (CHAPTER
IN BOOK) ............................................................................... 22
Jasmin Hasić ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Nedim Kulenović ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
ETHNIC MOBILIZATION, VIOLENCE AND THE POLITICS OF AFFECT: SERB DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE BOSNIAN WAR
(BOOK) .................................................................................. 23
Adis Maksić ................................................................................................................................................................. 23
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CREDIT RISK ASSESMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN TURKEY
24
Olcay Erdoğan ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Zafer Konakli ............................................................................................................................................................... 24
Adnan Hodžić .............................................................................................................................................................. 24
THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL CAPITAL ON DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
25
Natasa Tandir .............................................................................................................................................................. 25
Merdzana Obralić ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
EXPLORING ISLAMIC INDICES IN THE GREAT RECESSION (CHAPTER IN BOOK) 26
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
Harun Sencal ............................................................................................................................................................... 26
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE MACROECONOMY WITH THE APPLICATION TO 2001 CRISIS OF TURKEY
27
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON GDP IN THE TURKISH ECONOMY 28
Mehmet Orhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
245
�Esraq Simsek ............................................................................................................................................................... 28
Fatih Macit .................................................................................................................................................................. 28
THE IMPACT OF EWOM IN SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS
29
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Merve Turkyilmaz ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
STUDY ON CLIENT - SATISFACTION FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, EUROPEAN 30
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
Meliha Duljević ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
WIN – WIN FACTORS OF HIGH-END PERFUME PACKAGING THAT LEAD TO PURCHASE DECISION 31
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 31
Zumreta Redžović ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON BRAND EQUITY AND BRAND PURCHASE INTENTION: A CASE STUDY
ON DOMESTIC BRANDS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA .... 32
Mersid Poturak ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
Sumeja Softić .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
THE ROLE OF AFFECTIVE FACTORS ON BRAND RESONANCE: MEASURING CUSTOMER‐BASED BRAND EQUITY FOR THE
SARAJEVO BRAND................................................................. 33
Malcolm Duerod ......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Teoman Duman .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Okai Ozbal ................................................................................................................................................................... 33
DETECTION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD USING BENEISH MODEL
34
Elvisa Buljubašić .......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Sanel Halilbegović ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
MEASURING QUALITY OF SERVICES AT HEI: CASE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN B&H
35
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Amina Kahriman ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Ajdin Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Kemal Đug ................................................................................................................................................................... 35
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTING ISO 9001:2015 STANDARD AND ESG 2015
36
Ensar Mekić ................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Esad Bajramović .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Benjamin Muhamedbegović ...................................................................................................................................... 36
246
�DIASPORAS AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM TO BUILD A MEMORIAL AT THE OMARSKA
CONCENTRATION CAMP IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA ........... 37
Dženeta Karabegović .................................................................................................................................................. 37
Maria Koinova............................................................................................................................................................. 37
AIMING FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: DIASPORA MOBILIZATION TOWARDS YOUTH AND EDUCATION IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA....................................................................... 38
Dženeta Karabegović .................................................................................................................................................. 38
II PART: Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences ......... 40
CLOUD COMPUTING THREATS CLASSIFICATION MODEL BASED ON THE DETECTION FEASIBILITY OF MACHINE LEARNING
ALGORITHMS ........................................................................ 41
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
SMART HOMES WITH VOICE ACTIVATED SYSTEMS FOR DISABLED PEOPLE
42
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Bekir Busatlic .............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Isaac Lera .................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Enes Sukic ................................................................................................................................................................... 42
CLASSIFICATION OF ON-OFF STATES OF APPLIANCE CONSUMPTION SIGNATURES
43
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Emir Salihagić .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
AN INNOVATIVE RFID-BASED SOLUTION TO SECURE PARKING SPOTS FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED
44
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Sami Miniaoui ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Enes Sukić ................................................................................................................................................................... 44
REMAINING LIFETIME MODELING USING STATE-OF-HEALTH ESTIMATION
45
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 45
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT UTILIZATION FOR LIFETIME PROGNOSIS AND ADVANCED CONTROL STRATEGY
DEPLOYMENT OF WIND TURBINES: AN OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK CONCERNING ACTUAL METHODS, TOOLS, AND
OBTAINED RESULTS .............................................................. 47
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 47
247
�IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DAMAGES IN COMPOSITES USING REAL-TIME FPGABASED HARDWARE FRAMEWORK. IN PROCEEDING OF ASME49
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 49
Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Sebastian F. Wirtz ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
Adauto P. A. Cunha ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
INTEGRATED PROGNOSTIC MODEL FOR RUL ESTIMATION USING THRESHOLD OPTIMIZATION
50
Nejra Beganović .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
Dirk Söffker ................................................................................................................................................................. 50
Rosmawati Jihin .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
HEALTH SERVICE QUALITY MEASUREMENT FROM PATIENT REVIEWS IN TURKISH BY OPINION MINING
51
Zeynep Orhan ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Elton Domnori............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Migena Ceyhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 51
E-MEDICAL TEST RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS’ SYMPTOMS AND ANAMNESES
............................................................................................... 52
Zeynep Orhan ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
Elton Domnori............................................................................................................................................................. 52
Migena Ceyhan ........................................................................................................................................................... 52
CLOUD COMPUTING-BASED PARALLEL GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR GENE SELECTION IN CANCER CLASSIFICATION 53
Dino Kečo .................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 53
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 53
SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYSIS WEB APPLICATION ...................... 54
Dino Kečo .................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Bećir Isaković .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
SYN FLOOD ATTACK DETECTION IN CLOUD COMPUTING USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
55
Dino Kečo .................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 55
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 55
Kemal Hajdarević ........................................................................................................................................................ 55
248
�TRAINING NETWORK MANAGERS IN ETHICAL HACKING TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE RESOURCE STARVATION ATTACKS
USING GNS3 SIMULATOR ..................................................... 56
Nejdet Dogru .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 56
Kemal Hajdarević ........................................................................................................................................................ 56
Indira Avdagić ............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Adna Kozić................................................................................................................................................................... 56
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE DETECTION USING RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER, COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS
IN BIOMEDICINE ................................................................... 57
Zerina Mašetić ............................................................................................................................................................ 57
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 57
AN EXTENDED MODEL OF A LEVEL AND FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM
58
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 58
Jasna Hivziefendić ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 58
MANAGEMENT OF THE POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS USING FUZZY LOGIC
59
Jasna Hivziefendić ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
Mirza Šarić .................................................................................................................................................................. 59
CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF UNCERTAINTY MODELLING METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
60
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Jasna Hivziefendić ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Mirza Šarić .................................................................................................................................................................. 60
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION, DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM, AND WAVELET
PACKED DECOMPOSITION FOR AUTOMATED EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION AND PREDICTION 61
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 61
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 61
Emina Alickovic ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
AN EFFECTIVE COMBINING CLASSIFIER APPROACH USING TREE ALGORITHMS FOR NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION
............................................................................................... 62
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 62
Samed Jukić ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 62
249
�COMPARISON OF SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN CLASSIFICATION OF EEG SIGNALS FOR MOTOR-IMAGERY BCI
SYSTEM ................................................................................. 63
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 63
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 63
EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION USING HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING METHODS 64
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 64
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 64
Abdullah Canbaz ......................................................................................................................................................... 64
WAVELET AND TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR (TEO) FOR HEART SOUND PROCESSING AND IDENTIFICATION
65
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 65
Lejla Bandić ................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Aiša Ramović ............................................................................................................................................................... 65
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 65
Emina Germović .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
HEART SOUNDS DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM (DWT) TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR (TEO) CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES (CVD) ..................................................................... 66
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Adnan Hodžić .............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Adnan Fojnica ............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Ahmed Osmanović...................................................................................................................................................... 66
Layla Abdel-Ilah .......................................................................................................................................................... 66
OVARY CANCER DETECTION USING DECISION TREE CLASSIFIERS BASED ON HISTORICAL DATA OF OVARY CANCER
PATIENTS ............................................................................... 67
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 67
Lejla Bandić ................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 67
Emir Džaferović ........................................................................................................................................................... 67
Sabahudin Vrtagić ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
Saeed Mian Qaisar ...................................................................................................................................................... 67
CRITERIA FOR SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE ESTIMATION 68
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 68
Damir Bilić ................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Mehrija Hasičić ........................................................................................................................................................... 68
250
�BERTHIL CEPSTRUM: A NOVEL VIBRATION ANALYSIS METHOD BASED ON MARGINAL HILBERT SPECTRUM APPLIED TO
ARTIFICIAL MOTOR AGING ................................................... 69
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 69
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 69
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR CAR OPTIMIZED ROUTE ESTIMATION70
Harun Šiljak ................................................................................................................................................................. 70
Damir Bilić ................................................................................................................................................................... 70
Mehrija Hasičić ........................................................................................................................................................... 70
APPLICATION OF TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR FOR THE POWER SYSTEM FAULT IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALISATION
............................................................................................... 71
Nejra Čišija-Kobilica .................................................................................................................................................... 71
Samir Avdaković ......................................................................................................................................................... 71
SENSOR NETWORK INFORMATION FLOW CONTROL METHOD WITH STATIC COORDINATOR WITHIN INTERNET OF
THINGS IN SMART HOUSE ENVIRONMENT .......................... 72
Dejan Jokić .................................................................................................................................................................. 72
Aleksejs Jurenoks ........................................................................................................................................................ 72
COORDINATOR ROLE MOBILITY METHOD FOR INCREASING THE LIFE EXPECTANCY OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
............................................................................................... 73
Dejan Jokić .................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Aleksejs Jurenoks ........................................................................................................................................................ 73
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROLLERS FOR PUMA 560 ROBOT
74
Dejan Jokić .................................................................................................................................................................. 74
Slobodan Lubura ......................................................................................................................................................... 74
CLOUD-BASED MOBILE PLATFORM FOR EEG SIGNAL ANALYSIS
75
Jasmin Kevrić .............................................................................................................................................................. 75
Lejla Bandić ................................................................................................................................................................. 75
Abdulhamit Subasi...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Emir Džaferović ........................................................................................................................................................... 75
Sabahudin Vrtagić ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
Saeed Mian Qaisar ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
THE ABILITY OF WATER ACCUMULATION MODRAC TO BE SOURCE FOR DRINKING WATER
76
Ahmed El Sayed .......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Adnan Habibović ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
251
�Jasmina Marić ............................................................................................................................................................. 76
REALNA PRIMJENLJIVOST EKOLOŠKI PRIHVATLJIVIH MATERIJALA I TEHNOLOGIJA U IZGRADNJI ENERGETSKI EFIKASNIH
ZGRADA U BIH....................................................................... 77
Ahmed El Sayed .......................................................................................................................................................... 77
Ismail Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 77
Fuad Ćatović................................................................................................................................................................ 77
EXPERIENCE IN TESTING OF CONCRETE FOR WATER PENETRATION DURING CONSTRUCTION OF WWTP IN BIHAĆ 79
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 79
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 79
Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 79
EXPERIENCE IN TESTING OF CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT ACCORDING TO EN 10002-1 80
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 80
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 80
Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 80
APPLICATION OF CPR 305/2011 TO PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS 81
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 81
Emir Bajramović .......................................................................................................................................................... 81
ACCREDITED LABORATORIES IN PROCESS OF INTRODUCING OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS TO EU MARKET
82
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 82
Emir Bajramović .......................................................................................................................................................... 82
CARBON FIBERS - MATERIAL OF NEW POSSIBILITIES .......... 83
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 83
Aldin Mahmutović ...................................................................................................................................................... 83
EXPERIENCES IN TESTING OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE DURING CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE WATER
COLLECTION AND TREATMENT PLANT IN BIHAĆ ACCORDING TO BAS EN 206:2014
84
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 84
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 84
Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 84
CONCRETE CONSISTENCY TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION OF THE WASTE WATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT
PLANT IN BIHAĆ ACCORDING TO EN 206:2014 .................... 85
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 85
Sabina Kozlica ............................................................................................................................................................. 85
252
�Ena Čehić ..................................................................................................................................................................... 85
INSULATION MATERIALS – REACTION TO FIRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
86
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 86
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 86
FIRE RESISTANCE OF THE STRAW BALE WALLS.................... 87
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 87
EARLY MUSEUMS AS SYMBOL OF NATIONAL IDENTITY...... 88
Lejla Odobašić Novo ................................................................................................................................................... 88
CROSSING SITELINES / TRAGUARDARE L’ADRIATICO (BOOK CHAPTER)89
Lejla Odobašić Novo ................................................................................................................................................... 89
ARS AEVI: LA CULTURA COME ARMA .................................. 90
Lejla Odobašić Novo ................................................................................................................................................... 90
APPLICATION OF THE MONITORING TOOLS FOR UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS .................................................... 91
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 91
Omar Kapetanović ...................................................................................................................................................... 91
COMPARISON OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS AND GANTT CHART APPROACH IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT ..................................................................... 92
Sanin Džidić ................................................................................................................................................................. 92
Omar Kapetanović ...................................................................................................................................................... 92
Emir Bračković ............................................................................................................................................................ 92
Sarina Sabotić ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
USER – BASED APPROACH IN THE PLANNING AND CONFIGURATION OF LIVING SPACES 93
Adnan Novalić ............................................................................................................................................................. 93
Emina Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
A REVIEW ON SHEARING OF SINGLE LIVING SPACE IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
94
Adnan Novalić ............................................................................................................................................................. 94
THE ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS OF SARAJEVO: A CITY SHAPED BY MEMORY
95
Emina Zejnilović .......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Erna Husukić ............................................................................................................................................................... 95
BIO-BASED STUDENT PAVILION IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
96
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 96
253
�Maja Roso Popovac .................................................................................................................................................... 96
Elma Krasny ................................................................................................................................................................ 96
Ognjen Šukalo ............................................................................................................................................................. 96
Venera Vukašinović .................................................................................................................................................... 96
PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND COST OF BIO-BASED HOUSE VERSUS
CONCRETE-BRICK HOUSE ...................................................... 97
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 97
Azra Korjenic ............................................................................................................................................................... 97
Elma Krasny ................................................................................................................................................................ 97
ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND COST OF BIO-BASED HOUSE VERSUS CONCRETE
HOUSE ................................................................................... 98
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 98
Azra Korjenic ............................................................................................................................................................... 98
Elma Krasny ................................................................................................................................................................ 98
LOCAL, TRADITIONAL, NATURAL MATERIALS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
99
Sanela Klarić ................................................................................................................................................................ 99
APPLICATIONS OF QSAR STUDY IN DRUG DESIGN ............ 100
Layla Abdel-Ilah ........................................................................................................................................................ 100
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 100
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 100
Elma Veljović ............................................................................................................................................................. 100
GENOTYPE ASSOCIATION WITH SPORT ACTIVITY: THE IMPACT OF ACE AND ACTN3 GENE POLYMORPHISM ON ATHLETIC
PERFORMANCE ................................................................... 101
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 101
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 101
Enisa Omanović Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 101
Alem Šečerović ......................................................................................................................................................... 101
TESTING OF ANESTHESIA MACHINES AND DEFIBRILLATORS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
102
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 102
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 102
THE INFLUENCE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO) ON CANCER CELLS AND ITS ROLE IN THE CANCER TREATMENT
103
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 103
254
�Enisa Omanović Mikličanin ...................................................................................................................................... 103
Almedina Kozić ......................................................................................................................................................... 103
METHODS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CELLS USING DIFFERENT STORAGE MEDIA
104
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 104
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
Sabina Halilović ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
Ahmed Osmanović.................................................................................................................................................... 104
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND DOCKING STUDY IN DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF XANTHENES AS ANTIMICROBIAL
AGENTS ............................................................................... 105
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 105
Elma Veljović ............................................................................................................................................................. 105
CLASSIFICATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS USING IMPLEMENTED EXPERT SYSTEM 106
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 106
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 106
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 106
Alma Badnjević-Čengić ............................................................................................................................................. 106
Maja Malenica .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
Tanja Dujić ................................................................................................................................................................ 106
Adlija Čaušević .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
Tamer Bego ............................................................................................................................................................... 106
PRE-CLASSIFICATION PROCESS SYMPTOMQUESTIONNAIRE BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC FOR PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST
COST REDUCTION ............................................................... 107
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 107
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 107
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 107
Leandro Pecchia ........................................................................................................................................................ 107
CLASSIFICATION OF PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK 109
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 109
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 109
Dijana Sejdinović ...................................................................................................................................................... 109
Maja Malenica .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
255
�Tanja Dujić ................................................................................................................................................................ 109
Adlija Čaušević .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
Tamer Bego ............................................................................................................................................................... 109
Lejla Divović Mehmedović........................................................................................................................................ 109
TESTING OF INFUSION PUMPS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
111
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 111
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 111
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 111
Zijad Džemić .............................................................................................................................................................. 111
TESTING OF DIALYSIS MACHINES IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 112
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 112
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 112
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 112
Zijad Džemić .............................................................................................................................................................. 112
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 113
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 113
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Berina Alić ................................................................................................................................................................. 113
PROPOSAL OF THE MONITORING AND EVALUATION APPROACH FOR COMMUNITY PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS .................................................. 114
Sanin Džidić ............................................................................................................................................................... 114
Emir Bračković .......................................................................................................................................................... 114
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Β‐GLUCOSIDASE FROM BRASSICA OLERACEA
115
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 115
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 115
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 115
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 115
Imer Muhović............................................................................................................................................................ 115
META-ANALYSIS OF DEPLETED URANIUM LEVELS IN THE BALKAN REGION
116
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 116
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 116
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 116
256
�Imer Muhović............................................................................................................................................................ 116
CHEMICAL TOXICITY AND RADIOACTIVITY OF DEPLETED URANIUM: THE EVIDENCE FROM IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
STUDIES ............................................................................... 118
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 118
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 118
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 118
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 118
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 118
THE EFFECT OF LYSOZYME ON REDUCING BIOFILMS BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA, AND
GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS: AN IN VITRO EXAMINATION.. 120
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 120
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 120
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 120
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 120
Amra Ramović ........................................................................................................................................................... 120
Dženita Šeljmo .......................................................................................................................................................... 120
Jasna Hukić................................................................................................................................................................ 120
A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BIOFILM FORMING CAPACITY OF CAUSATIVE
AGENTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.......................... 122
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 122
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 122
Mirza Ibrišimović ...................................................................................................................................................... 122
Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović ........................................................................................................................... 122
HETEROLEPTIC RUTHENIUM BIOFLAVONOID COMPLEXES: FROM SYNTHESIS TO IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY 123
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 123
Adnan Zahirović ........................................................................................................................................................ 123
Emira Kahrović .......................................................................................................................................................... 123
Marina Cindrić .......................................................................................................................................................... 123
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić ............................................................................................................................................ 123
Anja Harej ................................................................................................................................................................. 123
Emir Turkušić ............................................................................................................................................................ 123
T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN A CLINICAL COURSE OF CHICKENPOX
125
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 125
257
�Rusmir Baljić ............................................................................................................................................................. 125
Hadžan Konjo ............................................................................................................................................................ 125
Dženana Hrustemović............................................................................................................................................... 125
Belma Gazibera ......................................................................................................................................................... 125
Amela Katica ............................................................................................................................................................. 125
A FUZZY MODEL TO PREDICT RISK OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
127
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 127
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 127
Günay Karlı................................................................................................................................................................ 127
Hasan Emin Balkaya.................................................................................................................................................. 127
Mirza Ibrišimović ...................................................................................................................................................... 127
A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF B-IOFILM FORMING CAPACITY OF CAUSATIVE
AGENTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.......................... 129
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 129
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 129
Mirza Ibrišimović ...................................................................................................................................................... 129
Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović ........................................................................................................................... 129
RECOGNIZING THE POSSIBILITY OF BIOTERRORISM IN THE FACE OF EMERGING AND REEMERGING ZOONOTIC
PATHOGENS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DURING THE WAR (1992-1995)
130
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 130
Sead Ahmetagić ........................................................................................................................................................ 130
Nijaz Tihić .................................................................................................................................................................. 130
Nermina Mehinović .................................................................................................................................................. 130
Denijal Tulumović ..................................................................................................................................................... 130
Mirza Ponjavić .......................................................................................................................................................... 130
Paul Heyman ............................................................................................................................................................. 130
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CONVENTIONAL KARYOTYPE AND QF-PCR IN DETECTION OF FETAL CHROMOSOMAL
ABNORMALITIES ................................................................. 132
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 132
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 132
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 132
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 132
Alma Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................. 132
258
�SURVEY OF LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS AROUND THE WORLD IN BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 AND 4 LABORATORIES
............................................................................................. 133
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 133
CHARACTERISTICS OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS IN THE WEST BALKANS: A FIRST REPORT
............................................................................................. 134
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 134
Monia Avdić .............................................................................................................................................................. 134
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 134
Borka Tutiš ................................................................................................................................................................ 134
Sanja Jakovac ............................................................................................................................................................ 134
Maja Ostojić .............................................................................................................................................................. 134
PREDICTION OF THE Y-CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS WITHIN A RECENTLY SETTLED TURKISH POPULATION IN
SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................... 136
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 136
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 136
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 136
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 136
Yusuf Turan ............................................................................................................................................................... 136
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 136
Gurkan Dogan ........................................................................................................................................................... 136
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES AND GENETIC SIMILARITIES WITHIN A NEW GENERATION OF CARBAPENEMRESISTANT ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS-A. BAUMANNII COMPLEX RESISTOTYPES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
............................................................................................. 138
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 138
Aydın Çöl ................................................................................................................................................................... 138
Irma Salimović-Bešić ................................................................................................................................................. 138
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ............................................................................................................................................. 138
EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE OF THE MEASLES OUTBREAK IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA..................................................................... 139
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 139
Irma Salimović-Bešić ................................................................................................................................................. 139
Amela Dedeić-Ljubović ............................................................................................................................................. 139
Sead Ahmetagić ........................................................................................................................................................ 139
Nijaz Tihić .................................................................................................................................................................. 139
259
�DETECTION OF PUUMALA VIRUS IN THE TISSUE OF INFECTED NATURALLY RODENT HOSTS IN THE AREA OF CENTRAL
DINARIDES .......................................................................... 141
Mirsada Hukić ........................................................................................................................................................... 141
Edina Zahirović.......................................................................................................................................................... 141
GENOMIC ANALYSES INFORM ON MIGRATION EVENTS DURING THE PEOPLING OF EURASIA
142
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 142
MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF 23 Y-CHROMOSOME SHORT TANDEM REPEAT LOCI IN THE POPULATION OF TUZLA CANTON
............................................................................................. 143
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 143
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 143
Jasmina Hindija Čakar ............................................................................................................................................... 143
Naida Babić ............................................................................................................................................................... 143
Amela Pilav ............................................................................................................................................................... 143
Vesna Hadžiavdić ...................................................................................................................................................... 143
Y-CHROMOSOMAL HAPLOGROUP DISTRIBUTION IN THE TUZLA CANTON OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A
CONCORDANCE STUDY USING FOUR DIFFERENT IN SILICO ASSIGNMENT ALGORITHMS BASED ON Y-STR DATA
145
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 145
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 145
Cemal Gurkan ........................................................................................................................................................... 145
Naida Babić ............................................................................................................................................................... 145
Vesna Hadžiavdić ...................................................................................................................................................... 145
Ali Göksu ................................................................................................................................................................... 145
DNA IDENTIFICATION OF COMMINGLED HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE CEMETERY RELOCATED BY FLOODING IN
CENTRAL BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA............................... 147
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 147
Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN THE BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN POPULATION BASED ON 23 Y-STR LOCI
148
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 148
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 148
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 148
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 148
Gurkan Dogan ........................................................................................................................................................... 148
ALLELE FREQUENCIES OF 15 STR LOI IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
150
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 150
260
�Amela Pilav ............................................................................................................................................................... 150
Naris Pojskić .............................................................................................................................................................. 150
Anesa Ahatović ......................................................................................................................................................... 150
Mirela Džehverović ................................................................................................................................................... 150
Jasmina Čakar ........................................................................................................................................................... 150
AN EXAMINATION OF GROWTH ACCELERATION TRENDS WITHIN A MALE POPULATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
BETWEEN THE 19TH AND 21ST CENTURIES ....................... 152
Elma Ferić Bojić ......................................................................................................................................................... 152
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 152
Rifat Hadžiselimović ................................................................................................................................................. 152
Elma Mrehić .............................................................................................................................................................. 152
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) AS A BASIS FOR INDIVIDUALIZED AND
PERSONALIZED THERAPY: RATIONALE, DESIGN AND METHODS OF THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE)-PTSD STUDY
............................................................................................. 153
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 153
DETECTION OF CYTOSINE AND CPG DENSITY IN PROTO-ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN PROMOTER
SEQUENCES OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA ..................... 154
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 154
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 154
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 154
PREVALENCE OF F5 1691G> A, F2 20210G> A, AND MTHFR 677C> T POLYMORPHISMS IN BOSNIAN WOMEN WITH
PREGNANCY LOSS ............................................................... 155
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 155
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 155
DIVERSITY OF Y-CHROMOSOMAL AND MTDNA IVERSITY OF Y-CHROMOSOMAL AND MTDNA MARKERS INCLUDED IN
MEDISCOPE CHIP WITHIN ARKERS INCLUDED IN MEDISCOPE CHIP WITHIN TWO ALBANIAN SUBPOPULATIONS FROM
CROATIA WO ALBANIAN SUBPOPULATIONS FROM CROATIA AND KOSOVO: PRELIMINARY DATA AND KOSOVO:
PRELIMINARY DATA............................................................ 156
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 156
CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE MEASUREMENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS DURING EXAM PERIOD
............................................................................................. 157
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 157
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 157
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 157
261
�Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 157
Senol Doğan .............................................................................................................................................................. 157
Nilay Nalcaci ............................................................................................................................................................. 157
DIAGNOSTIC OF ASTHMA USING FUZZY RULES IMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND
PHYSICIANS EXPERIENCE .................................................... 159
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 159
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 159
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 159
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 159
CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK 160
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 160
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 160
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 160
Mario Cifrek .............................................................................................................................................................. 160
POLYMORPHISMS OF 1691G> A AND 4070A> G FV IN BOSNIAN WOMEN WITH PREGNANCY LOSS
161
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 161
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 161
Emir Mahmutbegović ............................................................................................................................................... 161
Nevena Mahmutbegović .......................................................................................................................................... 161
Grażyna Adler ........................................................................................................................................................... 161
Ewa Czerska .............................................................................................................................................................. 161
Edin Međedović ........................................................................................................................................................ 161
Anna Pawińska-Matecka .......................................................................................................................................... 161
NETWORK ANALYSIS ON Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN WESTERN BALKAN POPULATIONS163
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 163
Adna Ašić .................................................................................................................................................................. 163
Larisa Bešić ................................................................................................................................................................ 163
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 163
Hasan Emin Balkaya.................................................................................................................................................. 163
COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ISOLATED BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVININA AND SLOVENIAN
POPULATIONS ..................................................................... 165
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 165
262
�Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 165
Hadžić-Metjahić, N. .................................................................................................................................................. 165
Vidović, M. ................................................................................................................................................................ 165
Čakar, J. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 165
Džehverović, M. ........................................................................................................................................................ 165
Pilav, A ...................................................................................................................................................................... 165
ALLELE FREQUENCIES AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR 15 STR LOCI IN THE POPULATION OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA..................................................................... 167
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 167
Čakar, J. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Džehverović, M. ........................................................................................................................................................ 167
Pilav, A ...................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Pojskić, N................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Ahatović, A. ............................................................................................................................................................... 167
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PATERNAL LINEAGES OF THE NORTHERN IRAQ TURKMENS 169
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 169
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 169
Balkaya, HE. .............................................................................................................................................................. 169
Gurkan, C. ................................................................................................................................................................. 169
Dogan, M................................................................................................................................................................... 169
Tunc, R. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 169
DIVERSITY OF ACE AND ACTN3 POLYMORPHISMS IN BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN POPULATIONS 170
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 170
Damir Marjanović ..................................................................................................................................................... 170
Ćenanović, M ............................................................................................................................................................ 170
TEN-YEAR TRENDS IN PREVALENCE OF DOWN SYNDROME IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: IMPACT OF THE MATERNAL
AGE AND PRENATAL SCREENING ....................................... 171
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 171
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 171
THE COMPARISON OF EFFICACY BETWEEN GENERIC AND BRANDED IMATINIB IN ACHIEVEMENT OF OVERALL SURVIVAL
AND CYTOGENETIC RESPONSES IN CML PATIENTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
172
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 172
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 172
263
�Jerald P. Radich ......................................................................................................................................................... 172
Emina Suljovic Hadzimesic ....................................................................................................................................... 172
Azra Hasic .................................................................................................................................................................. 172
Sabira Kurtovic .......................................................................................................................................................... 172
THE EFFICACY OF GENERIC IMATINIB AS FIRST-AND SECOND-LINE THERAPY: 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH
CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA ........................................... 174
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 174
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 174
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 174
Emina Suljovic Hadzimesic ....................................................................................................................................... 174
Sabira Kurtovic .......................................................................................................................................................... 174
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 174
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 174
A NOVEL CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RENAL METANEPHRIC ADENOMA: IDENTIFICATION
OF PARTNER GENES INVOLVED IN TRANSLOCATION T(9; 15)(P24; Q24)
176
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 176
THE THREE YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF CML PATIENTS TREATED WITH FIRST-LINE GENERIC AND FIRST-LINE BRANDED
IMATINIB IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ......................... 177
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 177
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 177
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 177
Emina Suljovć Hadžimešić ........................................................................................................................................ 177
Sabira Kurtović .......................................................................................................................................................... 177
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 177
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 177
THE ROLE OF GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN THE DETECTION OF EARLY-STAGE ORAL MALIGNANCIES–A REVIEW
............................................................................................. 178
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 178
Naida Hadžiabdić ...................................................................................................................................................... 178
Halid Sulejmanagic ................................................................................................................................................... 178
LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF GIST PATIENTS TREATED WITH DELAYED IMATINIB THERAPY
179
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 179
Leila Keškić ................................................................................................................................................................ 179
264
�Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 179
Amina Kugić .............................................................................................................................................................. 179
Semir Bešlija ............................................................................................................................................................. 179
Anes Pašić ................................................................................................................................................................. 179
Nermina Ibišević ....................................................................................................................................................... 179
LACK OF ACCESS TO TARGETED CANCER TREATMENT MODALITIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD IN THE ERA OF
PRECISION MEDICINE: REAL-LIFE LESSONS FROM BOSNIA 181
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 181
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 181
Semir Vranić .............................................................................................................................................................. 181
Sabira Kurtovic .......................................................................................................................................................... 181
Mirza Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................................ 181
Nermir Granov .......................................................................................................................................................... 181
THE FREQUENCY OF A NOVEL KANK1 AND NTRK3 TRANSLOCATION AND BRAFV600E MUTATION IN PATIENTS
DIAGNOSED WITH METANEPHRIC ADENOMA UTILIZING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
182
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 182
Semir Bešlija ............................................................................................................................................................. 182
Aida Ćatić .................................................................................................................................................................. 182
Ardis Sophian ............................................................................................................................................................ 182
Lech Mazur ................................................................................................................................................................ 182
Dinesh Rakheja ......................................................................................................................................................... 182
LONG TERM EFFICACY OF NILOTINIB AS FRONT-AND SECOND-LINE THERAPY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: REAL LIFE
EXPERIENCE......................................................................... 184
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 184
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 184
Semir Bešlija ............................................................................................................................................................. 184
Erna Islamagić ........................................................................................................................................................... 184
Sabira Kurtović .......................................................................................................................................................... 184
Lejla Mehinović ......................................................................................................................................................... 184
FRONT-LINE NILOTINIB IS A BETTER CHOICE THAN FRONT-LINE IMATINIB FOR CML PATIENTS WITH DELAYED
TREATMENT: 11 YEAR FOLLOW-UP .................................... 186
Amina Kurtović Kozarić ............................................................................................................................................ 186
Azra Hasić .................................................................................................................................................................. 186
265
�SILICON NANOWIRES SUBSTRATES FABRICATION FOR ULTRA-SENSITIVE SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
SENSORS.............................................................................. 188
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 188
Hrvoje Gebavi ........................................................................................................................................................... 188
Lara Mikac ................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Marijan Marciuš........................................................................................................................................................ 188
Mile Šikic ................................................................................................................................................................... 188
Vlasta Mohaček-Grošev ........................................................................................................................................... 188
Tibor Janči ................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Sanja Vidaćek ............................................................................................................................................................ 188
Emina Hasanspahić ................................................................................................................................................... 188
Mile Ivanda ............................................................................................................................................................... 189
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CHEMILUMINESCENCE BIOSENSORS FOR DETERMINATION OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN MEAT
............................................................................................. 190
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 190
Sandro Valzacchi ....................................................................................................................................................... 190
OVERVIEW OF NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING PLATFORMS USED IN PUBLISHED DRAFT PLANT GENOMES IN LIGHT OF
GENOTYPIZATION OF IMMORTELLE PLANT (HELICHRYSIUM ARENARIUM)
191
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 191
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 191
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 191
NANOMATERIALS IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY WITH EMPHASIS ON APPLICATION IN MODERN MEDICINE 193
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 193
Mirjana Maksimović ................................................................................................................................................. 193
APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL SURFACE ADSORPTION INDEX APPROACH (BSAI) IN CHARACTERIZATION OF
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND BIOMOLECULES
194
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 194
Tarik Husremović ...................................................................................................................................................... 194
Alma Jakupović ......................................................................................................................................................... 194
Anes Omerbašić ........................................................................................................................................................ 194
DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF AMINO ACID ADSORBED ON NANOPARTICLE SURFACE
............................................................................................. 195
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 195
266
�Adnan Fojnica ........................................................................................................................................................... 195
Sabina Halilović ......................................................................................................................................................... 195
Džana Mulaomerović................................................................................................................................................ 195
Amra Dorić ................................................................................................................................................................ 195
Belma Alispahić ........................................................................................................................................................ 195
APPLICATION OF ISOTHERMAL TITRATION CALORIMETRY IN EVALUATION OF PROTEIN–NANOPARTICLE INTERACTIONS
............................................................................................. 197
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 197
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD PACKAGING198
Enisa Omanović Miklićanin ...................................................................................................................................... 198
Džana Mulaomerović ................................................................................................................................................ 198
Amra Dorić ................................................................................................................................................................ 198
Ivana Vinković-Vrček ................................................................................................................................................ 198
Mirjana Maksimović ................................................................................................................................................. 198
INSPECTION PROCESS OF MEDICAL DEVICES IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS: SOFTWARE SOLUTION
199
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 199
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 199
TESTING OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS AND INFANT INCUBATORS IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
200
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 200
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 200
Jimenez ER ................................................................................................................................................................ 200
Iadanza E ................................................................................................................................................................... 200
APPLICATIONS OF QSAR STUDY IN DRUG DESIGN ............ 201
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 201
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 201
Layla Abdel-Ilah ........................................................................................................................................................ 201
Elma Veljović ............................................................................................................................................................. 201
TELEMETRY SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ASTHMA AND CHRONICAL OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) 202
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 202
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 202
Eldar Granulo ............................................................................................................................................................ 202
Lejla Bećar ................................................................................................................................................................. 202
267
�TESTING OF THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 203
Lejla Gurbeta............................................................................................................................................................. 203
Almir Badnjević ......................................................................................................................................................... 203
Alma Jakupović ......................................................................................................................................................... 203
Elvira Ruiz Jimenez.................................................................................................................................................... 203
A DISSIMILAR APPROACH TO ASSOCIATING ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS CHANGES IN
BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE MEASUREMENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS DURING EXAM PERIOD
204
Serkan Doğan ............................................................................................................................................................ 204
Hacer Konaklı ............................................................................................................................................................ 204
Hasan Emin Balkaya.................................................................................................................................................. 204
Indira Özçoban .......................................................................................................................................................... 204
NEW POSSIBLE TARGETABLE GENES FOR FUTURE TREATMENT OF MIXED LINEAGE LEUKEMIA
206
Senol Doğan .............................................................................................................................................................. 206
III PART: Faculty of Education ............................................ 207
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER, MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE .......................................................................... 208
Senad Bećirović ......................................................................................................................................................... 208
WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN EFL CONTEXT
............................................................................................. 209
Senad Bećirović ......................................................................................................................................................... 209
Emina Rizvić .............................................................................................................................................................. 209
SOCRATIC METHOD AS AN APPROACH TO TEACHING ...... 210
Senad Bećirović ......................................................................................................................................................... 210
THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING STYLES IN THE EFL CLASSROOM
211
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 211
Lejla Žunić-Rizvić ....................................................................................................................................................... 211
USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS AND L1 IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING CLASSROOMS IN B&H
212
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 212
Nađa Skopljak ........................................................................................................................................................... 212
STUDENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON SKILLS ACQUISITION AND ERROR CORRECTION TREATMENT IN BOSNIAN
EFL CONTEXT ....................................................................... 213
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 213
Senija Ogrić - Kevrić .................................................................................................................................................. 213
268
�THE ASSESSMENT OF BOSNIAN EFL LEARNERS’ KNOWLEDGE BY TWO DIFFERENT MEASURES: TEST AND WRITING
ASSIGNMEN ........................................................................ 214
Vildana Dubravac ...................................................................................................................................................... 214
Ana Tankosić ............................................................................................................................................................. 214
CARYL PHILLIPS AND THE RHIZOMORPHOUS GAZE: A GEOPHILOSOPHICAL READING OF CROSSING THE RIVER
215
Ibrahim Murat Oner ................................................................................................................................................. 215
BÂKİ’NİN “CÂN” REDİFLİ GAZELİNİN ŞERHİ VE YAPISALCILIK AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ 216
Lokman Gözcü........................................................................................................................................................... 216
269
�International Burch University
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Tel. +387 33 944 400
Email: info@ibu.edu.ba
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Web: www.ibu.edu.ba
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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Publication Office (2016 – 2017), Sarajevo, BiH
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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Publication Office (2016 – 2017), Sarajevo, BiH
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International Burch University
Author
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Mekic, Ajdin
Date
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2018
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PeerReviewed
AC Collections. Series. Collected works
-
https://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/271ce591af8a7887df47672c07adc7be.pdf
d0d55d5551e2cf44760256d5ea5068c0
PDF Text
Text
Journal of Economic
and Social Studies
Volume 67
Number 21
Fall 2016
Spring
2018
Refereed Articles
55
Role of the
State in Financial
Sector
Development
andofAchieving
Pro-Poor
Growth:
Determinants
of International
Tourism
Flows
to the Republic
Croatia: An
SUR Analysis
of Panel
Data from
1993-2015
Evidence
from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Joel I. Amra
Deichmann
and
Danyang
LiuKokorović Jukan
Babajić
and
Meldina
28
Demand,
Oil Price
Fluctuation,
ExchangeThe
Ratecase
andofEconomic
Growth: Evidence from ARDL
27 Tourism
Trade
liberalization
and
product structure:
Western Balkans
ModelEdward
and Rolling
Windowand
Granger
Causality
for Tunisia
Molendowski
Łukasz
Klimczak
Abderrazak Dhaoui, Habib Sekrafi and Mohamed Ghandri
43
Key Success Factors for Sustainable Strategic Information Systems
51 The EU
Cohesion
Impact Technology
on Regional Infrastructure
Economic Development: The Case of Bulgaria
Planning
andPolicy’s
Information
Monika
Moraliyska
Zana Pekmez
Investigating the Drivers of Choice Behavior in Tourism: Corporate Image, Perceived Risk and Trust
Interactions through Reputation Management
Mesut Bozkurt and Emrah Özkul
109
List of Reviewers for this Issue
Journal of Economic
and Social Studies
JECOSS
Volume 67
Number 12
Number
Number 21
Number
81
Volume 67
70
a High-Quality
Auditorofand
DebtUnemployment
Maturity Structure:
Evidence
from
Firms
57 HiringTrends
and Challenges
Female
in the
Republic
of Iranian
Macedonia:
Mobina Ahmadi and Mehdi Safari Gerayli
A Regional Comparative Study
Remzije Rakipi and Shpressa Syla
81 Financial Monitoring of Medication Consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Emira Kozarević, PhD
79
Public Procurement System in Service for Strengthening the Market Economy
Bosnia and
105 List ofinReviewers
fot Herzegovina
this Issue
Merim Kasumović, Sanela Meholjić-Kalajdžić and Harun Meholjić
Journal of Economic and Social Studies
JECOSS
Fall 2016
Spring
2018
Print ISSN: 1986 - 8499
Online ISSN: 1986 - 8502
Fall 2016
Spring
2018
�
https://eprints.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/53f0800a309237ad754084938cc67668.pdf
203da452a53f80116ba498891d39dff7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Extent
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3765
Title
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Journal of Economic and Social Studies, Volume 7, Issue 2 (2018)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
International Burch University
Author
Author
DUMAN, Teoman
Orhan, Mehmet
Hadžiahmetović Dogru, Nereida
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
Keywords
Keywords.
Book
PeerReviewed
HB Economic Theory,HC Economic History and Conditions